1、爆米花高考英语考前必背材料汇总四川省新都一中 张世明 整理第一类 高考英语单词陷阱名人名言No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。一、一个星期七天1. Monday 2. Tuesday 3. Wednesday 4. Thursday 5. Friday6. Saturday 7. Sunday二、一年
2、十二个月1. January 2. February 3. March 4. April 5. May6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September 10. October11. November 12. December三、一年四季1. spring 2. summer 3. autumn 4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字eighth 第八ninth 第九forty 四十twelfth 第十二twentieth 第二十四、亲属称呼daughter (女儿)niece (女性晚辈 )nephew (男性晚辈)cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹 )aunt (女性长
3、辈)uncle (男性长辈)五、以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔control (controlled, controlling) 控制admit (admitted, admitting) 承认occur (occurred, occurring) 出现prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿refer (referred, referring) 提到forget (forgetting ) 忘记permit (permitted, permitting)允许equip (equipp
4、ed, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel 中的 l 可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播flee (fled, fled) 逃跑forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰hang (作 “绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是 hung)lie (作“说谎” 讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过
5、去式是 lay，过去分词是 lain)seek (sought, sought) 寻求shake (shook, shaken) 发抖sing (sang, sung) 唱歌sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉spread (spread, spread) 传播swim (swam, swum) 游泳tear (tore, torn) 撕碎weave (wove, woven) 编织七、意思相近的词爆米花check / examine/ testreceive / acceptdestroy /damage celebrate/ congratulatewear / dres
6、s八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化longlength 长度widewidth 宽度highheight 高度strongstrength 力量九、以-ic 结尾的动词，应先把-ic 变为-ick，再加 ing 或 edpicnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼写German (Germans) 德国人gulf (gulfs) 海湾handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕hero (英雄)，potato ( 土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o 结尾的名词变复数时要加 -es。roof (roofs) 房顶sto
7、mach 胃 (其复数是 stomachs 而不是加 es)十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化succeedsuccess 成功pronouncepronunciation 发音explainexplanation 解释decidedecision 决定enterentrance 进入permitpermission 允许refuserefusal 拒绝considerconsideration 考虑discoverdiscovery 发现buryburial 埋葬concludeconclusion 得出结论arrivearrival 到达weighweight 重量十二、注意形容词变副词时的
8、拼写变化beautifulbeautifully 美丽的possiblepossibly 可能的practicalpractically 实际的particularparticularly 特别的successfulsuccessfully 成功的十三、其它必背单词9abroad 国外absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.)accepted (NMET1997)accident 事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地)achievement 成就 (achieve v. 获得)address 地址admire 钦佩admitti
9、ng (2000 北京春季卷)agreement 协议agriculture 农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的)altogether 总共ancient 古代的announced(NMET1999)anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地)apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉 apologetic adj. 道歉的，apologetically adv.道歉地)apologize/apologise (2000 全国卷 )appreciate 感激 /欣赏 (感激人用 thank sb；谢谢某人做的
10、事用 appreciate sth.)Asian(NMET1996)assistant 助手astonish 吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing，astonished)astronaut 宇航员atmosphere 气氛attempt 尝试 (可作名词也可作动词)attentively 专心地attentively(NMET1996)attitude 态度attract 吸引 (attraction 吸引力 )average 平均average(NMET1999)balance 平衡beauty 美 (beautiful)believe 相信 (belief
11、n. 信念，其复数是 beliefs)beyond 超过biology 生物birthday 生日bravery 勇敢broadcast(NMET1996)broadcast 广播 (过去式、过去分词同原形)carefully 小心 (carefully)ceiling 天花板celebrated (2000 北京春季卷)celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n. 庆祝)century 世纪challenge 挑战10character 性格charge 收费cinema 电影院comfort v. second, more effort; third, still more e
12、ffort. Thomas Hardy, British poet and novelist 可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力、努力、再努力。英国诗人、小说家哈代.T.口诀 1 要求跟不定式的动词 “要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。 ” a 要求，想要，希望(want, wish, hope, expect, intend, mean) b 同意(agree, promise) c 意愿(care, hate, refuse) d 决定，企图(determine, decide, offer, attempt, try, manage)口诀 2 要求跟随动名词的动词 (1)“mega
13、feps”(霉咖啡不吃),mind, miss, enjoy, give up, admit, avoid, finish, escape, practise. (2)“makes (a) fit speech”mind,avoid,keep,enjoy,suggest/finish,imagine,thinkabout,spend,practise,excuse,escape,cant help口诀 3 有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了 to，其口诀是：一觉二听三让四看,五观察。一觉：feel二听：hear、listen to三让：let、have、make四看：notice 、see、
14、watch、look at五观察: observe 倒装口诀口诀 4 i drop caps” 在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或 should+动词原形。 iinsist, ddemand, rrequest/require/recommend, oorder, ppropose, ccommand, aadvise, ppreqersic, ssuggest.口诀 5 有些动词用过去完成时，常表示“想做而未做”的意思。可巧记其首字为组成的“withspem” ，代表：wish,intend,think,hipe,suppose,plan,expect,
15、mean口诀 6 例装副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。only 修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词， “既不也不”须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。such 代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。17Not only 开头句，前一分句须倒装。had，were，should 虚拟句，省略 if 半倒装。口诀 7 当名词有多个形容词修饰时，下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序。限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；口诀 8lie lay lain 躺lay laid laid 放下；产蛋lie lied lied 撒谎，这几个词在拼写上很容易混淆，有人编了这样的口诀：规则
16、的“撒谎” ，不规则的“躺” ， “躺”过就“下蛋” ， “下蛋”不规则。“规则”指规则变化， “不规则”即不规则变化，如 lie 作“撒谎”解时，是规则变化，即其过去式和过去分词直接加-d；“躺过”的“过”指的是过去式，即 lie 的过去式 lay 是“下蛋”的原形；“下蛋”是不规则变化。口诀 9分开“一段时间” ， some time 表示“一段时间” ； 相聚“在某一时” ，sometime 表示“在某一时” ； “有时”相聚加 s，sometimes 表示“有时，不时” ； “几次”分开带 s，some times 表示“几次，次数” 。口诀 10 短文改错（一） 见到谓语找主语，主谓
17、一致找状语见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理小小 of 常抓的点，of 前名词 adj 最高级（二） 谓与非谓经常混谓语句中就一个其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种ving ved 和 to do主宾通常 ving现在分词表主动过去分词表被动目的要用不定式改错要想拿高分语法口诀要记牢18第三类 高考英语作文模版名人名言To choose time is to save time .( Francis Bacon , British philosopher )合理安排时间就是节约时间 。( 英国哲学家 培根. F.)对比观点题型（1） 要求论述两
18、个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1 有一些人认为。 。 。2 另一些人认为。 。 。3 我的看法。 。 。The topic of -（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -（支持 A 的理由一）What is more, -理由二). Moreover, -(理由三).While others think
19、 that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持 B 的理由一). Secondly (besides),- （理由二）. Thirdly (finally),-( 理由三).From my point of view, I think - （我的观点）. The reason is that -(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is sure
20、ly a wise choice .（2） 给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that -（观点一）. For example, they think -（举例说明） And it will bring them -( 为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-(我不同意该看法的理由一 ). For another thing, -(反对的理由之二)Form all what I have said, I agree to th
21、e thought that -(我对文章所讨论主题的看法) 阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述 阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义 分析并举例使其更充实The good old proverb -（名言或谚语）reminds us that -(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-(理由一). For example, -(举例说明). Secondly,-(理由二 ). Another case is that -(举例说明). Furthermore , -(理由三)In my opi
22、nion, -(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say-A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, 19youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径 问题现状 怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点)In recent days, we have to face I problem-A, which is becoming more and more serious. Firs
23、t, -(说明的现状)Second, -(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, -(解决方法一). For another -(解决方法二). Finally, -(解决方法三).Personally, I believe that -(我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because -(
24、带来的好处).说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测） 说明事物现状 事物本身的优缺点（或一方面） 你对现状（或前景）的看法Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First -(的优点之一). Besides -（的优点之二）.But every coin
25、 has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that -(的第一个缺点)To make matters worse,-(的第二个缺点) Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to -(我的看法)(From the comparison between thes
26、e positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, -(对前景的预测)议论文的框架 (1) 不同观点列举型（ 选择型 ）There is a widespread concern over the issue that _作文题目.But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies fr
27、om person to person. A majority of people think that _ 观点一_. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, _原因一_ .Furthermore, in the second place, _原因二_. So it goes without saying that _观点一_. 20People, however, differ in their opinions on this matt
28、er. Some peoplehold the idea that_观二_. In their point of view, on the one hand， _原因一_. On the other hand, _原因二_. Therefore, there is no doubt that _观点二_. As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that _观点一或二_. Itis not only because _, but also because _. The more _, the more _. （2）利弊型的议论文N
29、owadays, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in _题目议题_. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects asfollows. Firstly, _优点一_. And secondly _优点二_. Just As a popular saying goes, “every coin h
30、as two sides“, _讨论议题_ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, _缺点一_. In addition, _缺点二_. To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of _讨论议题_ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definite
31、ly make a better use of the _讨论议题_.( 3 ) 答题性议论文Currently, there is a widespread concern over (the issue that)_作文题目_ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.As we know that there are many steps which can
32、be taken to undo this problem. First of all, _途径一_. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is _途径二_.Above all, to solve the problem of _作文题目_, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that
33、 is to say, _方法_.( 4 ) 谚语警句性议论文It is well know to us that the proverb: “ _谚语has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means _谚语的含义_. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. ( also theoretically )A case in point is _例子一_. Theref
34、ore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb _谚语_.With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: _谚语_. The more we are aware of the sign
35、ificance of this famous saying, the more benefits we willget in our daily study and job21图表作文的框架 as is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/percentage in the table(graph/picture/pie/chart), _作文题目的议题_ has been on rise/ decrease (goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadi
36、ly rising/decreasing from_ in _ to _ in _. From the sharp/marked decline/ rise in the chart, it goes without saying that _.There are at least two good reasons accounting for _. On the one hand, _. On the other hand, _ is due to the fact that _. In addition, _ is responsible for _. Maybe there are so
37、me other reasons to show _. But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly convincing. As far as I am concerned, I hold the point of view that _. I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.第四类 高考英语作文经典范文名人名言No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are
38、worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。为了大家能更多的得到写作部分的 25 分，我们特精选了以下范文，希望同学们务必研读背诵！（尤其注意：文中划线部分为该体裁的套话； 黑体部分为写作中的经典表达。）May you succeed in the coming college entrance examination. 参与报社等讨论稿（带手机利弊）Dear Editor:引出话题 Im a senior thre
39、e student. Im writing to tell you my opinion on whether middle school students can go to school with mobile phones. 赞成I think they can do that. Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wherever they are. Besides, the mobile phone is a way to have fun.反对 However, every coin ha
40、s 2 sides. There are some problems with using mobile phones. The ring of phones can disturb teachers and students in the classroom. Another students is that some students can spend too much time and money on phone calls and sending messages. 个人观点 In conclusion, I suggest students not use phones in t
41、he classroom. Also, as it is expensive, the owner should take good care of it. 22Yours sincerely,Li Hua看对照表格写调查报告（孩子出国利弊）调查内容 A survey is taken on public opinions of the fact that many parents spend a large amount of money sending their children to study abroad, some of whom are middle school studen
42、ts. 调查结果From it we can see that 38 percent of those surveyed think it is worth the money letting children study abroad to get a better education so that they can get pay in return in the future. However, not all are for it / some are against it. 62% of them hold the view that it is difficult for you
43、ng people to live and study in a foreign country. Its easy for them to fall / get into some bad habits and the cost of education in another country is ten times as much as that at home. 解决措施The survey shows that the government should set up different kinds of schools to meet the demands of different
44、 children. （句型 do something /take measures / steps about sth.to do sth）读柱状图表写调查报告 注意句式变换 Middle school students have some ideas about their future jobs.The most striking contrast is in teaching: 30percent of the girls would like to become teachers while only 5percent of the boys want to do the job.
45、20 percent of the boys want to do business and another 20 percent want to become lawyers, while girls make up 15percent in these two fields. What boys like to do most is to become managers and the second largest group would like to be scientists. Besides teaching, the second choice for girls is to b
46、e scientists and managers. The number is not small. Girls also expect to show their abilities in these two fields. 写信（过去/现在对比）Dear editor,Im a middle school student. I once had a very happy family, but everything has changed because of my father.He used to be a very good doctor and was often praised by his patients. He took good care of the family and shared the housework with my mother everyday. However, he is now quite a different person. He plays mahjong all night and often quarrels with my mother. I just cant concentrate on my studi
