1、英语科技文选 串讲 主讲人 :张之俊 参考教材： 李碧嘉主编： 英语科技文选 梁惠茹： 英语科技文选一考通 串讲方式： I. Affix （涉及考试第一题） II. Key Words and Phrases （涉及考试第二和第三题） III. Translation （涉及翻译） Unit 1 I. Affix unknowable-knowable irrelevant-relevant act-interact unpredictable-predictable instinct-instinctively delusion-delusive excel-excellent accele
2、rate-accelerator gamble-gambler sight-insight regular-irregular conception-misconception access-accessible circulate-circulation counsel-counsellor tress-distress down-downcast import-importation myth-mythical observe-observatory found-profound surrect-resurrect II. key words and phrases （ Part A） 1
3、. That bias can lead to misconceptions about the world around us. 2. The known is pressed on us from the first. 3. The frontiers of knowledge, where it borders on the unknown, seems far away and irrelevant, separated from us by an apparently endless expanse of the known. 4. We do not see that we may
4、 be proceeding down a narrow path of knowledge and that if we look slightly left or right we will be staring directly at the unknown. 5. Even when we are right on the edge of the unknown, we may not be aware of it. 6. the events so vividly described are all based on the writings 7. it is unknown and
5、 in all probability can never be known. 8. But we did not think of his accounts as fragments of knowledge on the edge of the unknown 9. Beyond the currently unknown are the things that are inherently unknowable. 10. Few unknowables are consciously recognized as such. 11. we bump into phenomena that
6、may well be unknowable 12. Brokers make a living anticipating the fluctuations of stock prices. 13. Presidents run for office based on claims of what they will do 14. Nor do people try to predict the automobile accidents they will be involved in. 15. The roll of a bowling ball down an alley, for ins
7、tance, is easier to predict than the motion of an irregular stone tumbling down a rough hillside. 16. It is in creating the artificial and controllable that science excels. 17. replete with huge bridges, trucks, airplanes 18. Large pieces of software, as they are expanded and amended, can develop a
8、degree of complexity reminiscent of natural objects 19. And second, embedded within our increasingly artificial world will be large numbers of complex and thoroughly idiosyncratic humans. Part B 1. a unique synthesis of 2. rest on/upon 3. to be ignorant of 4. to be increasingly dazzled by 5. a perio
9、d of amnesia 6. awestruck 7. the importation from 8. to stay on horseback 9. in distress 10. bring to an end 11. to be shattered by 12. take for granted 13. to feel inferior or downcast 14. far apart 15. to be inextricable fused 16. lose sight of 17. a biochemist of considerable distinction 18. befr
10、iend some Chinese students 19. pass on to her his unusually profound knowledge of the history of Chinese science. 20. to be obsessed with 21. set about learning the language 22. with reference to 23. by no means 24. have a wide bearing on the general history of thought and ideas 25. embark on 26. ca
11、nnot afford 27. lose his early vision of 28. make his work more accessible in every possible way 29. accomplish himself 30. to be fully occupied 31. to be associated with him III Translation In distinguishing the known or the unknown from the unknowable, the level of detail can be decisive. The leve
12、l of detail is what separates the delusion of the gambler from the wealth of the casino owner. The gambler attempts to predict the individual and unpredictable spins of the roulette wheel; the owner concerns himself with the quite predictable average outcome. （在把已知的、未知的及不可知的三者区分开的时候，细节的程度起着决定性的作用。细节
13、的程度就是将赌博者的错觉同赌场主任的财富分离开，赌博者企图预测个人的和不可预测的轮盘赌盘的旋转，而赌场主人则关心可预测通常的结果。） Unit 2 I. Affix distortion-distort metric-nonmetric quantitative-nonquantitative implausible-plausible intuitive-intuition fictitious-fiction deform-deformed permanence-impermanence variant-invariant celebrate-celebrated custom-custo
14、mary empirical-empiricism sufficient-suffice over-overlapping propose-proposition theory-theorem transform-transformation continue-continuity different-differential formulate-formulation sect-intersect meter-perimeter polygon-polygonal circular-semicircular inscribe-inscription approximate-approxima
15、tion compute-computer lengthy-length refine-refinement extend-extension II. Key Words and Phrases （ Part A） 1. It deals with fundamental geometric properties that are unaffected 2. Its propositions hold as well for objects made of rubber as for the rigid figures encountered in metric geometry 3. it
16、delves into strange implausible shapes 4. A world made up entirely of erratic electrical gyrations in curved space requires a bizarre mathematics to do it justice. 5. In ordinary geometry metric properties are said to be invariant under the transformation of motion. 6. my pen retains its dimensions
17、as it moves over the paper, this book neither shrinks nor expands as the reader turns its papers. 7. If a triangle is stretched into a circle, which of its geometric properties are retained? 8. The origins of topology go back to major discoveries 9. V stands for vertices, E for edges, F for faces. 1
18、0. It is easy to see that no smaller number of colors will suffice for all cases. Part B 1. due in large part to 2. serve as 3. a strain of 4. at a rate 5. proportional to 6. more or less 7. revolve around 8. next to impossible 9 to be transformed into 10. to be carried out III. Translation Typology
19、 seems a queer subject; it delves into strange implausible shapes and its propositions are either childishly obvious （ that is, until you try to prove them） or so difficult and abstract that not even a topologist can explain their intuitive meaning. But topology is no queerer than the physical world
20、 as we now interpret it. （拓扑学表面看来是一门奇特的学问；它探求的都是的难以些奇怪的难以置信的图形，它的定理要么是明显地带股孩子气（除非你想证明它）， 要么非常困难和抽象，即使一个拓扑学家也不可能凭知觉解释清它们的意义。） Unit 3 I. Affix elude-elusive allot-allotment manipulate-manipulation recur-recurrence inhere-inherent ambiguity-ambiguous irreversibility-reversibility chronology-chronologic
21、al visit-visitation mark-remarkable opt-option season-seasonal hierarchy-hierarchical guarantee-guarantor cycle-cyclical fold-unfold period-periodical cohere-coherent fiche-microfiche photo-photography hole-pinhole propel-propeller impose-superimpose canny-uncanny wave-wavelength II. Key words and p
22、hrases （ Part A） 1. almost all the physical values of the world around us submit to our manipulations. 2. It is impossible to cut out a segment of time and compare it with another segment taken from somewhere else. 3. which we can manipulate and which recurs in identical fashion. 4. there is another
23、 problem which stems from the ambiguity of what is being measured. 5. notions which give a sense of the irreversibility of the march of time. 6. Measuring time also implies situating events in relation to each other, in other words, dating them. 7. takes four minutes short of twenty-four hours. 8. T
24、his movement put the Sun a little more out of phase with the stars each day 9. They were used to establish a calendar based on a lunar month 10. The Egyptians, whose life was linked to the flooding of the Nile, opted for an annual calendar with a year of exactly 365 days. 11. Thus the civil (calenda
25、r) year only coincided with the solar year once every 1,460 years. 12. This put great power into the hands of the religious or political hierarchy 13. It also makes possible the establishment of a chronology attributing to each event a date and a precise position in the unfolding time Part B 1. reac
26、h out 2. bounce off 3. in phase 4. out of step 5. from all angles 6. vantage point 7. under way 8. defect-free III. Translation Almost all civilizations have based their calendars on either the lunar month or the solar year, despite the inherent difficulty that the year is not made up of an exact nu
27、mber of lunar months. Each civilization thus invented its own more or less fixed, more or less arbitrary, system of adjustment. This put great power into the hands of the religious or political hierarchy which took this decision. Although today these adjustments are no longer arbitrary, the variety
28、of calendars an of cultures that they reflect remains. （几乎所有的文明社会都以月亮月或太阳年为基础来建立年历，尽管存在着一年不是由准确数目的月亮月组成这一固有的难题。但每个文明社会都发明了自己的或多或少固定的，或多或少任意性的调整体系，这使宗教或政治集团有很大权利做出决定。虽然今天这些调整不再是武断的，但它们所反映的年历和文化的不同仍保留下来。） Unit 4 I. Affix response-respond restore-restoration atom-atomic molecule-molecular breath-breath
29、e elucidate-elucidation molecule-macromolecule subdivide-subdivision organic-inorganic topic-subtopic routine-routinely quality-qualitative quantity-quantitative discipline-cross-discipline play-interplay production-productive stimulate-stimulation dent-dental compass-encompass stuff-dyestuff flame-
30、flammable force-reinforce sock-socket table-tableware II. Key Words and Phrases （ Part A） 1. I ask students to fill out an information sheet. 2. a great many people who arent chemists have to be familiar with the fundamentals of chemistry 3. Chemistry has been subdivided into four areas. 4. Physical
31、 chemists investigate both organic an inorganic substances and the chemists in all areas make use of the theories and techniques 5. The work of chemists can also be described as either experimental or theoretical. 6. the theory has to be discarded and a new proposal put forth. 7. but more often chem
32、ists specialize in one or the other of these areas. 8. No experimental chemist, however, can afford to be ignorant of the theories Part B 1. cause damage to 2. in addition to 3. contribute to 4. exacerbate the situation 5. fire resistant 6. meet the requirement 7. fore-proof 8. exposure to 9. custom
33、 fabricated 10. in the event of 11. give off (any toxic gas) 12. range from 13. installed with III. Translation Chemistry has traditionally been subdivided into four areas: organic, inorganic, analytical, and physical chemistry. Organic chemistry is the study of the compounds of a single element, ca
34、rbon; inorganic chemistry is the study of compounds of all the other elements. These divisions have blurred somewhat in recent year and there subtopics, such as organometallic chemistry, being investigated by both organic and inorganic chemists. （化学被传统地分为四个领域：有机化学、无机化学、分析化学和物理化学。有机化学是研究一个元素 -碳的化合物的科
35、学。无机化学是研究所有其他元素化合物的学科。这些划分在近些年来已变得模糊起来，而且有些副主题 ,诸如金属有机化合物的化学被有机的和无机的化学家们共同研究。） Unit 5 I. Affix persistent-persist convert-conversion point-pinpoint neurology-neurological ability-disability sense-nonsense act-activation compare-comparable conceive-conceivable time-timeless efficient-deficient functi
36、on-functional lower-lowercase tangle-untangle case-uppercase normal-abnormal certify-certified companion-companionship cover-coverage list-enlist patient-impatient current-intercurrent personal-interpersonal weigh-outweigh palliate-palliative long-prolong II. Key Words and Phrases （ Part A） 1. 20 pe
37、rcent of Americans have persistent trouble converting letters on a page into sounds. 2. why so many perfectly smart people have trouble learning to read. 3. how she and her husband ended up discovering sex differences 4. the skill that most people with reading disabilities are deficient in. 5. In bo
38、th sexes, trying to recognize rhymes led to increased blood flow 6. which has long been linked to language ability. 7. the work was just spread out more. 8. knows for sure what the difference they detected means. 9. Does it relate in any way to the observation that women are less likely to lose language ability 10. To the fact that women tend to do better on tests that measure verbal fluency.
