1、1,议论文作文,问题篇,2,一、概述,从1987年9月第一次四级考试以来，到2010年6月总共历经了46次考试，其中议论文作文占了34篇，为74%。 从1989年1月第一次六级考试以来，到2010年6月总共历经了45次考试，其中议论文作文占了35篇，为78%。,3,二、议论文作文问题篇（四级）,4,议论文作文问题篇（六级）,5,三、问题篇题目出题特点,从较早以前的英语提示句式(1990.1四级) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen
2、 If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition
3、 Sheet. 1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life 2. If there were no electric power, 3. Therefore,6,What Would Happen If There Were No Power (Sample),Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life. It pl
4、ays an important role in many fields such as industry, agriculture and the daily life of men. Electricity is a source of energy that makes it possible for the factories to turn out products and for people to create comfortable living conditions, for example.,7,If there were no electric power, things
5、 would be quite different. Machines could not run and people would have to fall back on their hands to produce what is essential for them to keep alive. Traffic would have to stop at night because there would be no lights in the street. A world in darkness would no longer be a pleasant one. In a wor
6、d, things would be in a mess. Therefore, we should realize the importance of electricity. As electricity is insufficient in our country, we should be frugal in using electricity. We should make great efforts to produce more electricity.,8,问题篇题目出题特点,英语提示（模拟） Traffic Problems in Our City For the first
7、 two paragraphs, the first sentence is given and you may just write on to complete the paragraphs. As to the remaining part, you are required to work out a topic sentence and develop it into a well-organized paragraph which will lead to the concluding sentence given at the end of this essay.,9,Traff
8、ic Problems in Our City,1. Traffic is one of the essential activities for our city. 2. Owing to the major part it plays, traffic has long been a serious concern for the municipal government. 3 Only when these problems are effectively solved, will our city be able to survive the nation-wide competiti
9、on and function as an economic centre.,10,Traffic Problems in Our City (Sample),Traffic is one of the essential activities for Shanghai. Each day, by various means of transportation, heavy loads of goods and a great number of passengers are conveyed to and from every corner of the city. With the mod
10、ernization drive in full swing, traffic has been lending greater impact on the citys life. What a mess the city would be in, if the arteries of such vital importance were out of action even for a minute!,11,Traffic Problems in Our City,Owing to the major part it plays, traffic has long been a seriou
11、s concern for the municipal government. Over recent years, new bus routes have been opened to traffic and new vehicles put in service; many underpasses and overpasses have been built to ease out the “bottlenecks”. Meanwhile, new traffic projects are under consideration.,12,Traffic Problems in Our Ci
12、ty,For all these efforts, traffic remains one of Shanghais biggest headaches. Traffic jams during rush hours, bus delays and frays are a way of life with Shanghai citizens. In addition, traffic accidents occur with alarming frequency, resulting in heavy losses in both state property and lives. Only
13、when these problems are effectively solved, will our city be able to survive the nation-wide competition and function as an economic centre.,13,比较：How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic （1990.1 六级）,Directions: Write a composition based on the following outline: 问题：城市交通拥挤解决方案(solution) 1建造(lay dow
14、n)更多道路 优点：降低街道拥挤程度加速车流(flow of traffic) 缺点：占地过多 2开辟（open up）更多公共汽车线路 优点：减少自行车与小汽车 缺点：对部分人可能造成不方便 结论：两者结合,14,How to Solve the Problem of Heavy Traffic,The urban traffic is getting increasingly crowded nowadays in China. The roads are packed with cars, bicycles are pedestrians and traffic jams, bus de
15、lays and traffic accidents are a common scene. Then how to solve this problem? Some suggest to lay down more roads to make the traffic less crowded and speed up the flow of traffic. Others believe that we should open up more public bus routes, so that more people will take the public,15,buses instea
16、d of travelling by cars and bicycles. Although above two views sound reasonable, they have their own drawbacks. The former may take up much land which could be used for farms and houses. The latter may cause inconvenience for those who are used to travelling by car or bicycle. I think the best answe
17、r to the traffic problem is a combination of the two. More roads can be built to hold more traffic and meanwhile more public bus routes can be opened up to those who prefer to use the public transportation.,16,问题篇题目出题特点,目前的中文提示（1990.1六级） Directions: Four suggested solutions to this problem are liste
18、d below. You are supposed to write in favor of one suggestion (ONE only) and against another (ONE only). You should give your reasons in both cases. 四种可能解决住房问题的方案 1多造高层建筑 2向地下发展 3建造卫星城市 4疏散城市人口,17,How to Solve the Housing Problem in Big Cities (Sample),The shortage of housing is one of the most seri
19、ous problems facing many big cities in China. Though the government has spent a large sum of money on housing, the investment has produced little financial return and a housing shortage still persists. Two generations sharing one room and newly-married couples finding it difficult to have a house of
20、 their own are still common cases. Housing shortage is a problem that requires an urgent solution.,18,Peoples attitudes towards the solution to the housing problem are different. Some suggest building more high-rise apartments; others believe to develop underground housing areas. I am in favor of th
21、e former opinion. For one thing, it is cheaper to build above ground than below. For another, living underground for a long time will do harm to peoples health. Above all, people are unwilling to live underground with artificial lighting and they prefer to live above ground to enjoy the sunshine. Al
22、though there may be some other ways to solve the housing shortage problem, I believe to build more high-rise apartments is one of the promising solutions to the housing problem.,19,Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling（2010.6 四级）,1.如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写; 2.出现这种情况的原因; 3.这种现象导致的结果,20,Due Attention Sho
23、uld Be Given to Spelling (Sample 1),It is becoming increasingly common that lots of students do not think spelling is the major point of mastering good English. Through talking with them, I am aware of the fact that common thinking leaded to this phenomenon is that, the students only want to get goo
24、d scores from their tests, which grammar skills are required more than spelling. Do not mention that some of the students only want to improve their spoken English to communicate, for a simple reason that this can make them sound cool.,21,Different words stands for different meanings. As we are goin
25、g to use English in our daily life, to understand different signs and ads, even when we are reading news papers, good spelling skills ensure us to get the correct information and prevent misunderstandings from happening. The most important point that students might not see is that spelling skill can
26、 make them pronounce well, because different pronunciation comes from different spellings. Therefore, I suggest all students to pay attention to all the parts of English; this is the only way to make our English perfect.,22,Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling (Sample 2),There is a universal ph
27、enomenon among college students that in English learning they dont attach much importance to spelling, which can find expression in the fact that numerous mistakes will arise in their compositions.,23,I reckon that the primary reason why the majority of students ignore spelling in their English lear
28、ning is that computers are performing increasingly important role in our daily life. Mostly, there is no need for us to use our pen or pencil when we compose an article or submit our assignments to the teachers. Therefore the students acquire more and more skills in computer operation. Yet, their sp
29、elling mistakes in their articles are accumulating. In order to untangle the problem, we are supposed to enable students to minimize the usage of computers in our daily life, and the teachers are expected to maximize the chance for students in writing on paper.,24,Due Attention Should Be Given To th
30、e Study of Chinese (2010.6 六级),1. 近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文的现象; 2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果; 3. 为了改变这种状况 ，我认为,25,Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese (Sample 1),With Chinas opening up, intercultural communication has become more and more frequent between Chinese and foreigners. A good command of at least
31、one foreign language has increasingly been an essential skill for us. People, especially the youths, pay much more attention to foreign language acquisition than Chinese study.,26,Various factors can account for this situation. First of all, a good command of a foreign language may help young people
32、 to get a good job while Chinese skills may be of no significance in ones job hunting and even their career. Consequently, some students may not treasure Chinese language any longer. Apart from that, nowadays fewer and fewer universities stimulate Chinese language study in campus, which has caused i
33、t to be marginalized. Under this circumstance, Chinese language becomes less and less popular in universities. It is clear that professors in the field of Chinese study are not so respected than they were before.,27,In view of this situation, effective measures should be taken to change it. First, t
34、he whole society should emphasize the importance of Chinese language in order to make it clear that it is one indispensable part of Chinese culture and Chinese race. Second, schools should promote Chinese language study and research. In addition, we individuals should contribute our own efforts to t
35、he study and protection of Chinese language. To conclude, we should pay great attention to Chinese language, since the importance of it is never too great to be exaggerated.,28,Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese (Sample 2),In recent years, the ignorance of Chinese has been prevail
36、ing among the students. In contrast, more and more students attach great importance to foreign languages since the economic globalization. In this essay, I will discuss the factors and consequences of this phenomenon and offer my own view on it.,29,There are a number of factors which can be attribut
37、ed to this situation. One of the most common factors is that the majority of people hold a view that English is the dominant language in the world and we should give priority to it. Moreover, although Chinese is a compulsory course in higher education, most professors and students havent given due a
38、ttitude to it as fewer courses and credits are distributed to Chinese and fewer students attend the class or choose it as their major. And the fundamental factor is that most students take it for granted that Chinese is their mother tongue and theyve already mastered it.,30,As far as Im concerned, t
39、his ignorance may be the very first step to furthermore overlook Chinese cultures and in order to avoid this consequence to the students, they should read more Chinese articles not only to gain knowledge but also to broaden their scope; to the schools and colleges, they should alter the traditional
40、teaching approaches to interest more students to study Chinese such as speeches and dramas. To live, to learn, our Chinese still need to be promoted.,31,四、议论文作文框架,四六级作文常被称为三段式作文。虽然字数只有120词180词,但也应该做到：虎头、猪肚、豹尾。 所谓的三段式作文并非指有三个段落的作文。任何体裁的作文都应有以下三部分：一个开头(introduction)，中间发展部分(body)和一个结尾(ending/conclusion
41、)。 议论文作文也是如此。,32,议论文的开头,议论文的开头可以有以下几种： 描写法； 主题法； 数据法； 定义法； 对立法； 问题法。,33,描写法,Why College Students Take a Part-time Job? Nowadays college students are seen waiting on tables, cleaning in stores, advertising in streets, teaching in families and doing whatever work they can find. It has become fashionab
42、le for college students to do some odd jobs in their spare time.,34,主题法,No More Video Games Teenagers are spending far too much time and money in video arcades these days. In my opinion, video games should be done away with. They are nothing but a waste of time, money and energy.,35,数据法,Why College
43、Graduates Have Difficulties Finding a Job? According to a recent survey by China Daily, about 15% of college graduates have difficulties finding a job after their graduation, and the number seems to be increasing.,36,定义法,Should Euthanasia Be Advocated? Euthanasia, a quiet and easy death, or “mercy k
44、illing”, has become a heated topic among people recently. Many people applaud it and argue that euthanasia should be advocated in our society.,37,对立法,My View on Easing School Childrens Study Burden Ever since the easing of school childrens study burden is advocated by educators, some teachers and pa
45、rents frown at it, saying that it will exert bad effects on the children. But I think easing school childrens study burden will do good to school children both physically and mentally.,38,问题法,Is Money All Powerful? “Is money all powerful?” If someone asks me such a question, my answer is always the
46、same: No. Money is by no means all powerful.,39,议论文（问题篇）的发展,议论文（问题篇）的发展部分一般或陈述问题存在的原因，或陈述这样的问题带来的影响，或陈述如何解决这样的问题。 本部分的字数不能太吝啬。否则，猪肚显得太瘦。,40,议论文（问题篇）的发展,Harmfulness of Fake Commodities 陈述原因 Since the policy of reform was implemented, Chinas economy has improved. A lot of people getting richer, and th
47、eir living conditions are getting better. But still some of them are not satisfied. They dream of getting rich overnight and living a heavenly life, which, of course, is impossible to achieve by fair means. So they risk breaking the law to produce the market fake commodities.,41,Harmfulness of Fake
48、Commodities,陈述影响 Once these fake commodities enter the market, they will do immeasurable harm to the society. The direct victims are the consumers. As the quality of the fake commodities is always very poor, the consumers may suffer great losses. Certain fake commodities, such as food and medicine,
49、will cause irreparable harm to the health and well-being of the consumers. Fake commodities also cut into the profits of the brand-name-owners. Since the fake ones are cheaper, people tend to be reluctant to buy the genuine ones.,42,Don t Hesitate to Say “NO“,However, it is not the case in our real
50、life. Many people prefer to say “yes” when they should say “no”. Some are afraid to lose their face, since they think refusal means their inability. Some people are afraid to offend their acquaintances face, such as their friends, relatives and so on. In fact, doing so is quite harmful. If you agree
51、 to do the things beyond your ability, the result will only be worse. The other might as well have asked another person who can help. And if you agree to do the unreasonable or even the illegal favors, such as cheating in the exam, you are in fact not helping the other but hurting him. You yourself will get into trouble too.,
