1、英语句子和变化 1、5、3、6句法系统,李晓桔,高考英语能力的基础,语言知识基础 20002400 个基本词汇 400600个活用词语 一套以句子为中心，解读句子和造句的语法规则 基本技能基础 运用所学的词汇和语法娴熟的解读英语句子和造句的能力 反思与启示 准备英语高考所要做的全部努力, 就是, 在牢固掌握2000左右单词和400左右语言难点, 和一套语法规则的基础上, 练就一种熟练的逐词逐句地看懂英语文章,并用英语进行表达的能力.,1、5、3、6句法系统 一个句子 五种谓语 三种句子组合 六种句子变化 祈使句 强调句 感叹句 问句 倒装句 省略句 谓语词法系统 人称 时态 语态 情态 语气,
2、非谓语词法系统 主语 表语 宾语 补语 状语 定语 从句句法系统 名词从句 定语从句 状语从句 不定代词 冠词问题 副词和形容词 词语知识 交际对话,英语语言知识考查内容,1、5、3、6句法系统,一个句子,五种谓语,三种句子组合,六种句子变化,祈使句 强调句 感叹句 问句 倒装句 省略句,英语只有一个句子,句子传递的是一个完整的意思 一个完整的意思包括四个部分： 主题 内容 内容修正 词义限定,一个句子有四个成分承载,主语,谓语群,状语,定语,15%30%语法知识足以解决句子的解读,信息内容,信息修正,词义限定,主语,be动词,V动词,表语,宾语,补语,状语,定语,定语,名词,信息主题,状态谓
3、语信息内容,行为谓语信息内容,英语句子有两类五种谓语,状态谓语： (1) be动词谓语，也叫“系表”谓语 行为谓语： (2) vi不及物动词谓语，没有宾语的谓语 (3) vt及物动词的单宾语谓语，只有一个宾语的谓语 (4) vt及物动词的双宾语谓语，有两个宾语的谓语 (5) vt及物动词的双补语谓语，宾语后带补语的谓语,状态谓语： be动词谓语， “系表”谓语,名词表语 形容词表语 数词表语 介词表语,Kunming is the capital city of Yunnan,Kunming City is clean and beautiful.,Kunming City is about
4、200 square kilometers large.,Kunming City is in the southwest corner of China.,汉语中形容词、数词、介词可以直接做谓语，而英语一定要有be动词、,行为谓语 （vi、vt单宾语、 vt双宾语、vt宾补语）谓语,vi谓语 vt单宾语谓语 vt双宾语谓语 vt宾补谓语,Li Ming has already gone.,Mr. Li teaches Chinese.,Mr. Li teaches us Chinese.,We all have found English important.,感官动词: see,hear,
5、find,watch,宾补动词常有,祈使动词: make, have, let, ask,判定动词: regard, consider,及位动词: put, lay,英语的句子有三种组合方式,简单句 并列句 复合句,是只有一个句子结构的句子，但成分可以并列 。,是由并列连词并列着若干简单句的一个句子群。 .,是其成分由另一个句子充当的句子。而充当一个句子成分的句子称之为从句。,简单句 是只有一个句子结构的句子，但成分可以并列 。,没有并列成分,Li Hua reads English in the morning.,并列若干状语,at a stone tableunder a big tree
6、 in the garden in our school from 10:00 to 11:30 in the morningevery Sunday.,并列若干宾语,Chinese, and some poems,并列若干谓语,draws some pictures, does his math homework and,并列若干主语,Not only Li Hua but alsoGao Ming,简单句 是只有一个句子结构的句子，但成分可以并列 。,at a stone table under a big tree in the garden in our school from 10:
7、00 to 11:30 in the morningevery Sunday.,draws some pictures, does his math homework and,Not only Li Hua but also Gao Ming,Chinese, and some poems,Not only Li Hua but also Gao Ming draws some pictures, does his math homework and Chinese, and some poems at a stone table under a big tree in the garden
8、in our school from 10:00 to 11:30 in the morning every Sunday.,Not only Li Hua but also Gao Ming draws some pictures, does his math homework and Chinese, and some poems at a stone table under a big tree in the garden in our school from 10:00 to 11:30 in the morning every Sunday.,Not only Li Hua but
9、also Gao Ming draws some pictures, does his math homework and Chinese, and some poems at a stone table under a big tree in the garden in our school from 10:00 to 11:30 in the morning every Sunday.,并列句由并列连词并列着若干简单句的一个句子群,并列连词,and, but, so, for, while, not onlybut also等,Mr. Smith is an American expert
10、. He works for the people in Kunming .He loves the city and people here.He hates the noises and traffic jams in the downtown.He lives in the countryside after his work.,so,，,while,，,and,，,not only,but also,he,he,he,does he work,并列句由并列连词并列着若干简单句的一个句子群,Mr. Smith is an American expert, and not only doe
11、s he work for the people in Kunming, but also he loves the city and people here, while he hates the noises and traffic jams in the downtown, so, he lives in the countryside after his work.,Mr. Smith is an American expert, and not only does he work for the people in Kunming, but also he loves the cit
12、y and people here, while he hates the noises and traffic jams in the downtown, so, he lives in the countryside after his work.,Mr. Smith is an American expert, and not only does he work for the people in Kunming, but also he loves the city and people here, while he hates the noises and traffic jams
13、in the downtown, so he lives in the countryside after his work.,复合句成分由另一个句子充当的句子。而充当一个句子成分的句子称之为从句,Mrs. Green works in a big company .,Mrs. Green got to the office yesterday morning.,She saw a terrible thing .,Her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,that,When,who,复合句成分由另一个句子充当的句子。而充当一个句子成分的句子称之为从
14、句,When Mrs. Green,who works in a big company,got to the office yesterday morning,She saw that,her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,复合句成分由另一个句子充当的句子。而充当一个句子
15、成分的句子称之为从句,信息内容,信息修正,词义限定,谓语,补语,名词,She,be动词,saw,表语,宾语,That her boss, Mr. Foss， was dead on the floor,When Miss Green got to the office early yesterday morning,，Who works in a big company，,定语,Miss Green,信息主题,主语,状语,定语,解读句子就是用语法提取句子中的四个要素 整合成完整的意思,信息内容,信息修正,词义限定,主语,be动词,V动词,表语,宾语,补语,状语,定语,定语,名词,信息主题,状态
16、谓语信息内容,行为谓语信息内容,解读句子的一般规律是,信息内容,信息修正,词义限定,主语,be动词,V动词,表语,宾语,补语,状语,定语,定语,名词,信息主题,状态谓语信息内容,行为谓语信息内容,1）找到谓语确定信息内容,2）找到主语确定信息主题,3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件,4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义,复杂句子解读的一般规律是,谓语,She,saw,宾语,That her boss, Mr. Foss， was dead on the floor,When Miss Green got to the office early yesterday morning,，Who work
17、s in a big company，,主语,状语,定语,找到主句及其谓语。,主句是复杂句中 不带连接词的句子,When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss, Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,When Mrs. Green , who works in a big company, got to the office yesterday morning, she saw that her boss,
18、 Mr. Foss, was dead on the floor.,解读句子的一般规律是 1）找到谓语确定信息内容 2）找到主语确定信息主题 3）找到状语确定信息成立的条件 4）找到定语以确定某个名词的准确意义解读复杂句子的一般规律是解读句子的关键是找到主句的谓语。主句是复杂句中不带连接词的句子.谓语动词的构成有规律可寻谓语总是由 “不同时态、语态、情态、语气的助动词 + 实义动词的不同形式”构成。,LOS ANGELESTen years after stunning the sports world by announcing he had contracted the virus tha
19、t causes AIDS, retired basketball legend Magic Johnson is happy, healthy and coping with HIV.,LOS ANGELESTen years after stunning the sports world by announcing he had contracted the virus that causes AIDS, retired basketball legend Magic Johnson is happy, healthy and coping with HIV.信息主题（主语）Magic J
20、ohnson 信息内容（谓语）is happy, healthy and coping with HIV 信息修正（状语）Los AngelesThe years after stunning the sports world by 词义限定（定语） retired basketball legend-Magic Johnson that causes AIDS-The virus,The old English teacher who retired ten years ago will give us a talk on how to study English well when he
21、is free next week.主题（主语）The old English teacher 内容（谓语）will give us a talk 内容修正（状语）when he is free next week 词义限定（定语） who retired ten years ago-The old English teacher on how to study English well-A talk,It was the space available in the garden that led me into planting just one little tomato plant.
22、A big mistake.,主题（主语） the space 内容（谓语） led me into planting just one little tomato 词义限定（定语） available in the garden - the space,六种句子变化 祈使句、强调句、感叹句、问句、倒装句、省略句,祈使句发出使动信息的句子 强调句对某个成分强调的句子 感叹句对某个词语感叹的句子 问句有问题寻求回答的句子 倒装句成分倒置的句子 省略句省略了一些部分的句子,一般问句、特殊问句、选择问句、反问句,部分倒装、全部倒装、内容倒装,学习目的 掌握句子变化的规则，并能有效解读变化了的句子,（
23、五）短文改错（六）书面表达 （1）看好之：看清看懂题目要求 （2）想好之：认真想好再动口动笔 （3）口述之：说到朗朗上口才动笔 （4）慎写之：字斟句酌 （5）校改之：认真校验和改错 （6）朗读之：找出拗口和不通顺之处 （7）抄好之：认真抄写,书面表达得分要素 （1）字迹清秀，书写工整。 （2）要点齐全，内容丰满。 （3）语言正确，表达流畅。 （4）层次清楚，词语丰富。 （5）首尾出彩，具有亮点。,高考英语，以语言接受能力为测试重点，兼顾适当的表达能力和语言知识，是一种着重考查学生用英语获取信息的能力的考试。 准备英语高考所要做的全部努力, 就是, 在牢固掌握2000左右单词和400左右语言难点, 和一套语法规则的基础上, 练就一种熟练的逐词逐句地看懂英语文章,并用英语进行表达的能力。 积累足够的词汇，牢固掌握2000左右单词和600左右难点，词汇决定一切。 熟练掌握核心主干语法，练就娴熟解读句子和正确造句的能力。 用正确的方法坚持大量的听读写的训练，特别是阅读训练，量变引起质变，多读自巧。,如果把英语当成一幢八层高的大楼，同学们六年寒窗苦读至少也有三到四层的英语积累和水平，而高考英语充其量只到二、三层。各位考生要有信心去面对高考英语，去争取自己最好的成绩。,Tank you and good bye,
