1、今日“语法”,I think (that) he is awful.,主 谓 宾,主语,谓语,宾语,主句,从句,宾语从句： 句子做宾语。,Lucy says, “” Lucy says that she Jack says,“” Jack says that ,4,I think that he is awful. I guess that it was a fine day. He believes that Mary has been to the U.S. Linda says that she had read 100 books when she was 8. I know that
2、 you will be a good teacher. 结论1. 主句一般现在时，从句任何时态。,I think that he is awful. I thought that he was awful.He believes that Mary has been to the U.S. He believed that Mary had been to the U.S.结论2：主句用过去时，从句用过去某个时态。,总结,I have broken my leg.,He said thathe had broken his leg.,We will buy a new house.,They
3、 said thatthey would buy a new house.,I dont have a secretary.,He told me thathe didnt have a secretary.,My sister is swimming.,She told me thather sister was swimming.,We cant tell you anything.,They told me thatthey couldnt tell us anything.,My brother told me that he _ his homework.finished has f
4、inished had finished finishes,Linda said the earth _ around the sun.moves moved has moved had moved,！事实真理 时态不变！,人称变化,直接引语变间接引语,人称变化 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。 一随主 She said. “My brother wants to go with me. “ She said her brother wanted to go with her. 二随宾 He said to Kate. “How is your sister now?“ He asked Ka
5、te how her sister was then.,第三人称不更新 Mr. Smith said，“Jack is a good worker.” Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.,时态变化,时态变化,一般现在时一般过去时 Mary said,“ I am a girl.“ Mary said she was a girl. 现在进行时过去进行时 Mary said,“ I am doing my homework.“ Mary said she was doing her homework. 现在完成时过去完成时 Mary said,“ I h
6、ave finished my homework.“ Mary said she had finished her homework.,过去时过去完成时 Mary said,“I had lunch“. Mary said she had had lunch. 一般将来时过去将来时 Mary said,“I will leave tomorrow. Mary said she would leave tomorrow.,过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时 She said,“After I had had lunch, I left my bag on a chair. She said that
7、 after she had had lunch, she left her bag on a chair. 过去进行时过去进行时 Mary said,“We were having a football match this time yesterday. Mary said they were having a football match that time the day before.,在直接引语变为间接引语时，以下情况时态一般不变化。,直接引语是客观真理。 “The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the e
8、arth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。 Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?“ Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。,直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态
9、不变。如： Xiao Wang said. “I was born on April 2l, 1980。“ Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。,直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。 He said, “I get up at six every morning。“He said he gets up at six every morning。,如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, sh
10、ould, would, might）不再变。 Peter said. “You had better come here today。“ Peter said I had better go there that day。,I can speak three languages.,He said he could speak three languages.,What did he say?,I am mad at Marcia.,He said he was mad at Marcia.,What did he say?,What did they say? They said they
11、were having a party for Lana.,she was hard-working,I am hard- working.,What did she say?,She said,she was not lazy.,What did she say?,She said,I am not lazy.,he was good at playing basketball.,What did he say?,He said,Im good at playing basketball.,I am good at English.,She said she was good at Engl
12、ish.,What did she say?,What did she say?,I do well in English.,She said she did well in English.,do well in,I do well in English.,I go to beach every Sunday.,What did he say? He said he_.,went to beach every Sunday,What did she say? She said she_.,would call me tomorrow,I will call you tomorrow.,状语变
13、化,状语变化,表示时间的词 nowthen, yesterdaythe day before this week(month ,etc)that week last week(month ,etc)the week(month ,etc) before three days (a year ,etc) agothree days (a year. etc) before next week (month ,etc)the next (following ) week (month ,etc) tomorrowthe next (following ) day,指示代词 thisthat the
14、sethose,表地点的词 herethere 动词 bringtake comego,引导词变化,直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句 She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.“ She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.,直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句 He said, “Can you swim, John?“ He asked John if he could swim. “Y
15、ou have finished the homework, havent you?“ my mother asked.My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework. “Do you go to school by bus or by bike?“He asked me whether I went to school by bus or by bike.,直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序） She asked me, “When do they have the
16、ir dinner?“ She asked me when they had their dinner. 注意：特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。,特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。 1. He asked me _ with me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matter,直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell(ask, order, beg等) sb (not) to do sth.“句
17、型。如： “Dont make any noise,“ she said to the children.She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise. “Bring me a cup of tea, please,“ said she. She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.,直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。 He said, “Lets go to the film.“ He suggested going to th
18、e film. 或He suggested that they should go to see the film.,句型变化,直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语要用陈述句的语序。引导词要放在间接引语的最前面，接下来按“主谓宾”顺序排列。即：直接引语转换成间接引语时用陈述语序 He asked Mike, “Where did you go?” He asked Mike where he had gone.,“What are you doing?”,She asked me,I was doing.,what,“Why do you like English?”,He asked me,I l
19、iked English,why,“Where does he live?”,She asked me,he lived.,where,“How does she go to school?”,She asked me,She went to school.,how,“Do you know my name?”,She asked me,I knew her name.,Whether / if,是否,When do you have math? ( They asked him ),They asked him,when,you have math,you have math.,he,had
20、,They asked him when he had math.,Summary(总结),1.特殊疑问句直接引语变间接引语,Do you have math? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,you have math,you have math.,he,had,They asked him whether/if he had math.,2.一般疑问句直接引语变间接引语,Can you play the piano? ( They asked him ),They asked him,Whether/if,You can play
21、the piano,you can play the piano.,he,could,They asked him whether/if he could play the piano.,Open the door for me,she said to me. What did she ask me to do? She asked me to open the door for her.,Dont make so much noise,she said to the children. What did she tell the children? She told them not to
22、make so much noise.,Stay to lunch.he insisted. What did he do? He insisted that I should stay to lunch.,Come with me,he suggest. What did he suggest? He suggested that I should go with him.,“Youve already got well, havent you?” she asked. She asked _.A. if I have already got well, hadnt youB. whethe
23、r I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I already got well.2. He asked , “ Are you a Party member or a League member?”He asked me _.A. am I a Party member or a League member B. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Pa
24、rty member or a League member.,3. He asked, “How are you getting along?” He asked _.A. how am I getting along B. how are you getting alongC. how I was getting along D. how was I getting along4. He asked me _ with me. A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. whats the matter D. what was the matt
25、er,5. He said, “Dont do that again.” He _ me _ that again.A. said to ; not to do B. said to ; dont doC. told ; dont do D. told ; not to do 6. Can you make sure _?A. that he will come here today B. when he will come here todayC. will he come here today D. whether will he come here today 7. Do you hap
26、pen to know _?A. where is her address B. in which place is her addressC. what her address is D. the place her address is,8. Excuse me, but can you tell me _? A. where can I get to the library B. where I can get to the library C. how can I get to the library D. how I can get to the library 9. John as
27、ked me _ to visit his uncles farm with him. A. how would I like B. if or not would I like C. whether I would like D. which I would like,10. Id like to know _ Chinese. A. when he began to learn B. when did he begin to learn C. when did he begin learning D. for how long he began to learn,He said: “Ive left my book in my room.” She said: “He will be busy.” I said to him, “I have finished it.” She said to us,“ Ill come here tomorrow.” He said, “We insisted that she start immediately. “Im checking your home work now.“his mother said.,
