1、绝密启用前深圳市 2018 届高三年级第一次调研考试英语2018.3本试题卷共 10 页。全卷满分 120 分，折算成 135 分计入总分。考试用时 120 分钟。注意事项1. 答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2. 选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用 2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3. 非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4. 考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第
2、一节(共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ALost cities that have been foundThe White CityIn 2015, a team of explorers to Honduras in search of“the Lost City of the Monke God“led to the discovery of the White City. They found the ruins in the Mosquitia region of the Central Amer
3、ican country which is known for poisonous snakes, vicious jaguars and deadly insects. It is believed that local people hid here when the Spanish conquerors(征服者 ) occupied their homeland in the16th century.Canopus and HeracleionModern researchers were teased by the ancient writings about the Egyptian
4、 cities Canopus and Heracleion- where Queen Cleopatra often visited. But the cities werent found until 1992, when a search in Alexandria waters found that the two cities had been flooded for centuries. Artifacts(史前器物) showed that the cities once highly developed as a trade network, which helped rese
5、archers piece together more about the last queen of Egypt.Machu PicchuA Yale professor discovered “the Lost City in the Clouds“in 1911. A combination of palaces, plazas, temples and homes, Machu Picchu displays the Inca Empire at the height of its rule. The city, which was abandoned in the 16th cent
6、ury for unknown reasons,was hidden by the local people from the Spanish conquerors for centuries keeping it so well preserved.TroyThe ancient city of Troy in homers The Iliad was considered a fictional setting for his characters to run wild. But in 1871, explorations in northwestern Turkey exposed n
7、ine ancient cities layered (层叠) on top of each other, the earliest dating back to about 5,000 years before. It was later determined that the sixth or seventh layer contained the lost city of Troy and that it was actually destroyed by an earthquake, not a wooden horse.1. Why did people hide in the Wh
8、ite City in the 16th century?A. To survive the warB. To search for a lost city.C. To protect their country.D. To avoid dangerous animals2. Which of the following was related to a royal family member?A. The White CityB. Canopus and HeracleionC. Machu PicchuD. Troy3. What can we learn about Troy?A. It
9、 was built by Homer.B. It consisted of nine citiesC. It had a history of 5,000 yearsD. It was ruined by a natural disaster.【答案】1. A 2. B 3. D【解析】本文介绍了科学家新发现的四座失落的城市：洪都拉斯传说中一座消失掉的拥有巨大财富的城市“白城”， 埃及的失落世界老人星和 Thonis-Heracleion，印加帝国的马丘比丘以及荷马伊利亚特的 Troy 古城。1. 推理判断题。根据 It is believed that local people hid h
10、ere when the Spanish conquerors(征服者) occupied their homeland in the16th century.得知据流传：在 16 世纪，当地人隐藏起来是为了躲避西班牙入侵，为了活下来。故选 A。3. 推理判断题。根据 It was later determined that the sixth or seventh layer contained the lost city of Troy and that it was actually destroyed by an earthquake, not a wooden horse.得知荷马伊
11、利亚特的 Troy 古城是由于发生地震使其沦为废墟。故选 D。BMy motivation for starting our family tradition of reading in the car was purely selfish: I could not bear listening to A Sesame Street Christmas for another 10 hours. My three children had been addicted to this cassette on our previous summers road tripAs I began to
12、prepare for our next 500-mile car trip,I came across a book-Jim Treleases The Read Aloud Handbook. This could be the answer to my problem. I thought. So I put Roald dahls James and the Giant Peach into my bag. When I began to read aloud the tale of the boy who escapes the bad guys by hiding inside a
13、 giant peach, my three kids argued and wrestled in their seats. But after several lines, they were attracted into the rhythm of the words and began to listenWe soon learned that the simple pleasure of listening to a well-written book makes the long miles pass more quickly. Sometimes the books we rea
14、d became highlights of the trip. I read Wilson Rawlss Summer of the Monkeys as we spent two days driving to the beach. We arrived just behind the power crews restoring(恢复) electricity after a tropical storm. The rain continued most of the week, and the beach was covered with oil washed up by the sto
15、rm. When we returned home, I asked my son what he liked about the trip. He answered without hesitation, “The book you read in the car.Road trips still offer challenges, even though my children now are teenagers. But we continue to read as we roll across the country. And Im beginning to see that read
16、ing aloud has done more than help pass the time. For at least a little while, we are not shut in our own electronic worlds. And maybe weve started something that will pass on to the next generation.4. Why did the author start reading in the car?A. She wanted to have a better journey.B. She wanted to
17、 keep a family traditionC. Her children were addicted to reading.D. Her children were tired of the cassette5. How did the children react after the author read a few lines?A. They kept fightingB. They hid themselvesC. They soon settled downD. They read together aloud6. What can we learn about the aut
18、hor and her familys trip to the beach?A. They were caught in a stormB. They enjoyed reading on the roadC. They had a good time on the beachD. They thought it had passed too quickly.7. Which can be the best title for the text?A. Better Traveling than ReadingB. Books that Changed My ChildrenC. Road Tr
19、ips Full of ChallengesD. Reading Makes Great Road Trips【答案】4. A 5. C 6. B 7. D【解析】本文讲述了作者原本开启家庭传统“在车里阅读 “的动力完全是自私的，没想到它竟然使枯燥的旅程变得有趣享受。4. 推理判断题。My motivation for starting our family tradition of reading in the car was purely selfish: I could not bear listening to A Sesame Street Christmas for another
20、 10 hours.得知作者忍受不了在旅途 10 小时中一直听芝麻街圣诞，所以为了使旅途更愉快，他开启了阅读的传统。故选 A。5. 事实细节题。根据 But after several lines, they were attracted into the rhythm of the words and began to listen，得知作者在车里给孩子们读书，没读几行孩子们就安静了。故选 C。6. 事实细节题。根据 We soon learned that the simple pleasure of listening to a well-written book makes the l
21、ong miles pass more quickly. Sometimes the books we read became highlights of the trip. I read Wilson Rawlss Summer of the Monkeys as we spent two days driving to the beach.得知作者一家在去海边的旅途中很享受在车里读书。故选 B。7. 主旨大意题。根据上下文得知本文讲述了作者原本开启家庭传统“在车里阅读 “的动力完全是自私的，没想到它竟然使枯燥的旅程变得有趣享受。因此最佳标题是“阅读使旅途变得美好“ 。故选 D。CThe a
22、rm bones of women who lived 7,000 years ago show a surprising level of strength-even higher than todays professional athletes. thats according to a first-ever study comparing prehistoric(史前的) bones to those of living people. The finding suggests a revision of history- the everyday lives of prehistor
23、ic women were filled with hard labor, rather than just sitting at home doing lighter tasks while the men struggled and fought for life.Before the study, there are no clear records describing how our ancient ancestors lived. It can be easy to forget that bone is a living tissue, one that responds to
24、the difficulties we put our bodies through, “said lead author Alison Macintosh. “Physical force and muscle activity both put pressure on the bone. The bone reacts by changing in shape, thickness and other aspects over time.Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones, the r
25、esearchers said-and thats a problem, because the response of male bones to stress and change is much bigger than that of women. For instance, as humans moved from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle constantly on the move to a more settled agrarian(农耕的) one, changes can be observed in the structure of the s
26、hinbone(胫骨 )- and these changes were much more evident in men.However, a comparison of the bones of prehistoric women to the bones of living female athletes can help us work out a more accurate picture of what those prehistoric women were doing. “By analyzing the bones of living people and comparing
27、 them to the ancient bones, we can start to explain the kinds of labor our ancestors were reforming, Macintosh said. What they found was that womens leg strength hasnt changed a great deal, but their arms used to be very powerful. Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11-16 perc
28、ent stronger than those of modern rowers, and 30 percent stronger than those of non-athletes.8. What does the study tell about prehistoric women?A. They were stronger than menB. They had lighter bones than menC. They did tough tasks as the menD. They spent most time staying at home9. What problem di
29、d previous studies on prehistoric bones have?A. They lacked enough comparison.B. They only studied mens bonesC. They focused little on bones.D. They ignored the lifestyles10. What does the underlined word“that“in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Bones structure.B. Bones thicknessC. Bones response to stress.D
30、. Bones, stress from hard labor.11. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. Its still hard to explain our ancestors lifestyleB. Prehistoric women went through much suffering.C. Womens arms have become much stronger over timeD. Prehistoric women are stronger than contemporary females【答案】8. C 9.
31、A 10. C 11. D【解析】根据一项针对 7000 年前生活的女性骨骼研究显示，这些史前女性的手臂力量大于如今的女性。9. 推理判断题。根据 Previous studies only compared female bones to contemporary male bones, the researchers said-and thats a problem,得知问题是：此前的研究只是将女性骨骼和男性骨骼对比，但这种方法很可能低估了女性的工作强度，可以推断出缺乏比较。故选 A。10. 词义猜测题。根据 because the response of male bones to st
32、ress and change is much bigger than that of women.得知男性骨骼相对于女性骨骼来说对压力作出的反应更明显，前后在对比 the response of bones to stress。故选 C。11. 推理判断题。根据 Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11-16 percent stronger than those of modern rowers, and 30 percent stronger than those of non-athletes.得知研究发
33、现史前女性比现代女性更强壮。故选 D。【名师点睛】4 D【解题剖析】此题属于推理判断题中的 （4）根据事实细节，推断合理信息。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息做多步推理。也就是说，要做到判断有据, 推论有理, 忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。【答案定位】根据 Prehistoric women, the researchers found,
34、had arm strength 11-16 percent stronger than those of modern rowers, and 30 percent stronger than those of non-athletes.得知研究发现史前女性比现代女性更强壮。【推理关系】题干 What can we learn from the last paragraph?文章内容 Prehistoric women, the researchers found, had arm strength 11-16 percent stronger than those of modern ro
35、wers, and 30 percent stronger than those of non-athletes.【答案】stronger than D 选项 Prehistoric women are stronger than contemporary femalesDA few years ago, Darla Hoff painted a pumpkin face onto a round straw bale(捆) at Al and Karen Goldmans farm in Idaho Falls to advertise her u-pick pumpkin field Wh
36、ile Darla has stopped growing pumpkins, the annual tradition of straw bale art lives on at the farm and has drawn friends and neighbors to participate in it. Past creations have included an owl, Minions, tractors and a teddy bear.To make the tractors, Al baled round straw bales in two different size
37、s- smaller ones for the tractors front tires and larger ones for the rear(尾部 ). Large square bales made up the bodies. Jerry Kienlen used his farming equipment to arrange the bales in the shape of two tractors. Then it was time to bring the tractors to life. Karen and her daughter, Lana Hedrick, sec
38、ured some green paint, and Al got some red paint. Darlas husband, James, sprayed the creation with a paint gun. For the finishing touches Steven donated two shiny exhaust stacks(排气管), and Al and Karen donated two steering wheels from their farm parts.The farms annual straw bale art projects have now
39、 become a way for everyone to celebrate the end of another growing season. its just something fun to do together after harvest. This neighborhood has always been close. Generations of these families have grown crops in this soil. Raised on the farms where they live now, they grew up together as thei
40、r elders did before. Al and Karen are truly super neighbors. Every year they also grow about two acres of corn to give away. Anyone can pick some, or Aland Karen will even deliver. And during long Idaho winters, everyone gathers at the farm to enjoy fresh coffee and cookies.This years straw bale cre
41、ation theme is Straw Wars. And all eyes will be on Al and Karens farm as their creation takes shape.12. Why did Darla paint a pumpkin face onto a straw bale?A. To recycle straw balesB. To please his neighborsC. To create a new traditionD. To make an advertisement13. What does the underlined phrase“t
42、he creation“in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The straw bale tiresB. The square straw bales.C. The straw bale tractorsD. The farming equipment14. What do local people think of the straw bale art show?A. It needs something funB. Its a good way to celebrate harvest.C. It makes Al and Karen famous in the town
43、D. It stands for the beginning of a new season15. What kind of neighbors are Al and Karen according to Paragraph 3A. Generous. B. CreativeC. Funny. D. Determined.【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A【解析】Darla Hoff 在圆草捆上画南瓜脸本来是为了给自家的南瓜园做广告，没想到就开创了稻草节，这个节日非常受当地人欢迎，今年的稻草创作的主题是 Straw Wars。所有的目光将投放在新创作上。12. 推理判断题。
44、根据 A few years ago, Darla Hoff painted a pumpkin face onto a round straw bale(捆) at Al and Karen Goldmans farm in Idaho Falls to advertise her u-pick pumpkin field 得知 Darla Hoff 在圆草捆上画南瓜脸为了人们去她的南瓜园采摘做广告。故选 D。13. 词义猜测题。根据第二段 To make the tractors, Al baled round straw bales in two different sizes- sma
45、ller ones for the tractors front tires and larger ones for the rear(尾部).得知他们都在制作圆草捆拖拉机。故选 C。14. 推理判断题。根据 The farms annual straw bale art projects have now become a way for everyone to celebrate the end of another growing season. its just something fun to do together after harvest 得知当地居民认为圆草捆艺术节是庆祝收获
46、的好方式。故选 B。15. 推理判断题。根据 This neighborhood has always been close. Generations of these families have grown crops in this soil. Raised on the farms where they live now, they grew up together as their elders did before. Al and Karen are truly super neighbors.得知这个社区人们关系很近，Al and Karen 真是好邻居。 故选 A。【名师点睛】2
47、 C【解题剖析】此题属于猜测词义 中的（4）：依据逻辑推理猜测词义。 答案需要推断关键词 To make the tractors,。【答案定位】根据第二段 To make the tractors, Al baled round straw bales in two different sizes- smaller ones for the tractors front tires and larger ones for the rear(尾部).得知他们都在制作圆草捆拖拉机。【推理关系】题干 What does the underlined phrase“the creation“in P
48、aragraph 2 refer to?文章内容 To make the tractors, Al baled round straw bales in two different sizes- smaller ones for the tractors front tires and larger ones for the rear(尾部). 得知他们都在制作圆草捆拖拉机。 【答案】To make the tractors, C 选项 The straw bale tractors第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
49、选项中有两项为多余选项。How to Improve Your ConfidenceConfidence is something that everyone admires. At some point in your life you may question your level of confidence and wish it to be higher. _16_ If you believe the theory that we attract into our lives who we are, then creating and keeping high levels of confidence is vital to your well-being.Watch your intake. _17_ So reduce the amount of hours of soaps and reality TV each day. Read a book or magazine about a topic you are interested in. Listen to a d
