1、2018 届上海市六校高三上学期 12 月联考英语试题（详解版）II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A （20%）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the othe
2、r blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How to Find Happiness without Buying it?Our materialistic society has led us to believe that happiness cannot be obtained without having money.Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have, we _21_ (teach)to want more. We learn from advertis
3、ing, and from the media, _22_ we need to buy trinkets and toys in order to make ourselves happy, or _23_ (fulfill) emotional needs, and that the purchases they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking for.Unfortunately, as a society we have bought into
4、 these _24_ (misguide)messages and have come to believe that _25_ (spend) money on certain items will bring us fame, fortune, happiness, beauty, or popularity. As a result, we trade hours of our lives working, sacrificing time that _26_ have been spent with our families, _27_ the pursuit of the almi
5、ghty dollar.Actually, there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money. For example, Think about _28_ you would spend your time, and what you would do for enjoyment. Change your focus from material possessions to _29_ that bring you enjoyment, such as spending qual
6、ity time with your family and friends.Certainly, it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families, but it is important to recognize when the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming, _30_ otherwise will upset a balance between a sat
7、isfying work life and a rich home life. The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consuming.【答案】are taught ；that；to fulfill； misguided；spending ；could ；for ；how；others；which【分析】21. 考查时态语态，句子缺谓语，teach sb，但是这里 teach 没有宾语，所以用被动。22. 考查连词，这
8、是个宾语从句，从句不缺成分以及没有疑问意思，所以用 that23. 考查非谓语，前面有个 or，表示并列，所以跟前面的 to make 并列，所以填 to fulfill24. 考查非谓语，做后面 messages 的前置定语，表示被动，所以填 done 的形式25. 考查非谓语，spend 动名词在从句中的主语26. 考查情态动词，that 后面是个从句，动词原形前考虑情态动词，根据句意，填写 could27. 考查介词，后面是个名词短语，想到介词，根据句意填写 for，表示为了28. 考查连词，think about 后面是个宾语从句，根据句意是填写 how29. 考查代词，from.to
9、.,根据这个短语判断填写名词，但是不可以，所以想到代词，根据句意填写 others30. 考查连词，这里 which 指代前面整句句子Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. addiction B. downward C.access D. unfair E. urgedF.essential G. an
10、alytical H. forced I. reliance J. criticized K. fallA pen has always been a(n) (31) _tool when it comes to taking exams. However, in this digital age, this traditional tool may become a thing of the past.Cambridge University in Britain is considering ending 800 years of written exams and allowing st
11、udents to use laptops(手提电脑) or iPads to take exams instead.The move comes after Cambridge teachers complained that students handwriting is becoming too hard to recognize. The (32)_ in being able to write neatly could largely be down to the (33)_ on laptops in lectures and elsewhere. “There has defin
12、itely been a (34)_ trend. It is difficult for both the students and the examiners as it is harder and harder to read these scripts,” Sarah Pearsall, a senior lecturer at the university, told The Telegraph.As a result, more and more students with poor handwriting are being (35)_ to return to universi
13、ty during the summer holidays to read their answers aloud to university administrators. However, some (36)_ the move, fearing the handwritten word would become a lost art. Tracey Trussell, a handwriting expert at the British Institute of Graphologists, (37)_ Cambridge to “make sure that students con
14、tinue to write by hand, particularly in lectures”. She told The Telegraph that writing by hand could help students improve their memory and understand lessons better.Meanwhile, there are also concerns that primary and secondary schools could follow Cambridges examples.In fact, a similar plan was car
15、ried out for some first- and second-year students at Edinburgh University in the UK in 2011, reported The Scotsman. Senior officials at the university believed it was (38)_ to expect students to use pens and paper during exams when most of their coursework was done using computers.The move also echo
16、es the opinions of Harvard professor Eric Mazur, known as the father of the “flipped classroom (翻转课堂)”. He believed that the rise of the (39)_ to mobile internet means that we live in an age in which we dont need to memorize anything. Students should be tested on their creative and (40)_ skills, rat
17、her than the ability to remember information, he said during the Times Higher Education World Academic Summit in September.【答案】F K I B H J E D C G 【分析】31. 修饰 tool，填形容词，指在以前笔是考试必要的工具。32. 此处填名词。指的是如今越来越少的人能够书写工整了。33. 此处填名词。根据介词搭配 on，指是由于人们在讲座等其他地方对于笔记本电脑的依赖。34. 修饰 trend 用形容词。表明这种慢慢用电脑取代笔考试的形式有下行的趋势。35
18、. 此处填动词过去分词，表被动。指那些书写糟糕的学生被迫在暑期来到学校将自己的答案大声读给学校领导听。36. 此处填动词过去式。根据 however 表转折，指有些批判这一做法。37. 此处填动词过去式。指专家极力规劝学生尽量采取书写，特别是在讲座中。38. 此处填形容词。指对于在大多数课程中使用电脑完成作业的学生来说，期望他们考试时用纸和笔是不公平的。39. 此处填名词。指随着越来越多人接触到互联网手机移动的环境，我们生活在一个不需要记忆太多的时代，因为使用网络就可以搜到。40. 修饰 skills 用形容词，指的是测试学生的创造和分析能力。III. Grammar and Vocabula
19、ry Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the work or phrase that best fits the context.Its no secret that as a population, Americans have been getting heavier, but researchers now say that our weigh
20、t problem may be worse than we thought.In a study published in the journal PLOS One, lead author Dr. Eric Braverman says that our current measure of obesity (肥胖症) - body mass index, or BMI - significantly (41) _ the number of people, especially women, who are obese.Braverman and his co-author, Dr. N
21、irav Shah, studied 1,400 men and women, comparing their BMI measurement to their percentage of body fat, as measured by a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. While BMI is a simple ratio of a persons height and weight, the DEXA scan- which is normally used to measure body density (密度) - can
22、 (42) _ between bone, fat and muscle mass.Based on BMI, about one-third of Americans are considered obese, but when other methods of measuring obesity are used, that number may be (43) _ to 60% according to Braverman.Physicians have complained for years that BMI is a(n) (44) _ measure of healthy wei
23、ght. Extremely muscular people, (45) _ , may weigh “too much” for their height, since dense muscle mass weighs more than fat, thus qualifying as obese even if their bodies contain very little fat. Yet its not extra weight itself, but excess fat that (46) _ health problems.“People arent being diagnos
24、ed as obese, so theyre not being told about their risk of disease or being given (47) _ on how to improve their health,” Braverman said. Data show that people who (48) _ to put on pounds are more likely to continue getting heavier, increasing their risk for a number of diseases.So why is BMI still b
25、eing used, if its not (49) _? For now, its the best and easiest way for physicians to measure a persons healthy weight while taking into account his or her general body (50) _. DEXA scans are far too expensive to be used as a (51) _ measure during doctors visits. BMI isnt perfect, but many experts s
26、ay its the best they have.Still, as results like Bravermans continue to (52) _, it may be time to consider other ways of tracking weight, and (53) _, body fat. “Its important to point out the (54) _ of the BMI,” Dr.Richard Bergman, director of Cedars Sinais Obesity and Diabetes Research Institute in
27、 Los Angeles said. “Its a poor measure of (55) _, and we do need better measures.”41、A. predicts B. underestimates C. increases D. reduces42、A. compare B. recognize C. identify D. distinguish43、A. closer B. related C. devoted D. key44、A. important B. imperfect C. incredible D. uncertain45、A. for exa
28、mple B. in contrast C. in addition D. without doubt46、A. arises from B. owes to C. leads to D. goes through 47、A. views B. orders C. instruction D. focus48、A. decide B. start C. hope D. fear49、A. right B. recognizable C. popular D. precise50、A. structure B. well-being C. function D. weight51、A. spec
29、ial B. routine C. scientific D. decisive52、A. fill in B. run out C. go down D. build up53、A. in particular B. on occasion C. after all D. in all54、A. mistakes B. failure C. inferiority D. weakness55、A. health B. body C. fatness D. diseases【答案】B D A B A C C B D A B D A D C【分析】41、联系前后文，关键“ our weight
30、problem may be worse than we thought”。说明 BMI 指数的测量方式低估了一些肥胖人士。A 预测；C 增加；D 减少。42、根据后半句，意思是 DEXA 扫描方式可用以测量骨骼密度，精细地区分骨骼、脂肪和肌肉的各自质量。A 比较；B 认出，识别；C 认出，鉴定。43、联系下文。指用其他方式测量后，肥胖人数会增加，接近至 60%。B 有关；C 致力于，奉献；D 关键，钥匙，答案。44、根据后文，关键“complain”。指医生一直都在抱怨 BMI 是有缺陷的测量方式。A 重要的；C 难以置信的；D 不确定的。45、对 BMI 的缺陷进行列举，特别是对于肌肉型人
31、士。B 与.形成对比；C 另外；D 不假思索，毫无疑问。46、指过度肥胖会导致健康问题。A 升起，出现；B 归因于；D 经历（苦难等）。47、联系下文，指给予如何改善自身健康的指导。A 观点；B 指令；D 焦点。48、根据句子意思判断，意为那些开始增重的人更可能会持续肥胖下去，增加他们患疾病的风险。49、联系前文。指如果 BMI 不精确，那么为什么仍旧会使用它呢？A 正确的；B 可识别的；C 流行的。50、指将一个人总体的身体体型考虑在体重的健康测量中。B 幸福；C 功能；D 体重。51、根据句子意思，意为如果 DEXA 作为医生的日常就诊进行测量的话，过于昂贵了。A特别的；C 科学的；D 决
32、定性的，果断的。52、指类似于 Braverman 所得出的结论不断涌现出来 。A 填充；B 用完；C 下降。53、联系上下文，指应该有更好的方式去监测体重，特别是人体脂肪含量的测量。B 有时；C 毕竟；D 总共。54、指重要的是，我们应该指出 BMI 的缺陷不足。A 错误；B 失败；C 劣势，下等。55、A 健康；B 身体；D 疾病。总结性语句，指 BMI 是有缺陷的测量方式。AB 两个选项过于笼统，未突出 BMI 受到质疑主要是由于它对于人体脂肪的测量不够精确这个缺陷。Section B(22 分)Directions: Read the following three passage.
33、E ach passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them are four choices marked A, B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)While a female politician or first lady can use her clothing to create a fa
34、vorable public image, male politicians dont have as many fashion choices to play with. But Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau seems to have discovered a goldmine his socks.Hes been seen wearing “statement socks” at many public events. For example, during a NATO(北大西洋公约组织) meeting in Brussels in M
35、ay, Trudeau wore one blue sock and one pink, both with the NATO symbol printed on them. And in June, he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves a national symbol of Canada when he appeared on a TV show.The New York Times editor Vanessa Friedman praised Trudeaus play on his socks as “cl
36、ever”.“Socks are subtle(微妙的) enough not to be distracting, but visible enough that you cant miss the point,” she wrote. “Rarely have a mans ankles said so much.”But not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message some of them are just for fun.One example is a pair he
37、 wore during a meeting with Enda Kenny, then the prime minister of Ireland, in Montreal on May 4. During their meeting, Trudeau wore Star Wars socks simply because that day happened to be International Star Wars Day. If this pair of socks sent out any message, according to Vogue magazine reporter Em
38、ily Farra, that message was “just that he has a quirky side and loves George Lucas films,” she wrote.However, some say that 45-year-old Trudeaus unusual sock choices show a childish side of the prime minister that proves he isnt mature enough to be the leader of a country.But Friedman doesnt see it
39、that way. “The socks have been a source of pride and applause on an international scale a symbol both of Mr Trudeaus ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound by old traditions,” she wrote. “They have opened up possibilities for the future.”1. Trud
40、eau wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves to _A. distract audiences attention from the TV showsB. send a message that he is proud of his countryC. narrow the gap between politician and civiliansD. claim that he is the new-generation leader of the country2. The underlined word “quirky
41、” is closest in meaning to _A. abnormalB. seriousC. enthusiasticD. odd3. According to Friedman, Justin Trudeau _A. has a promising future but still an inexperienced politicianB. used a clever way to explore and finally discovered a goldmineC. is open-minded and is ready to accept different culturesD
42、. is a leader who has abandoned old traditions to build up his future4. The article is mainly about _A. the strange hobby of a young politicianB. a young leaders clever choice of socksC. how male politicians maintain public imageD. the gender difference in modern politicians【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B【解析】1.
43、 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句话 he wore a pair of socks with the pattern of maple leaves a national symbol of Canada when he appeared on a TV show 可知，枫叶是加拿大的这个国家的象征，所以 Trudeau 穿着带有枫叶图案的袜子表示他热爱他的国家。2. 猜测词义题。根据文章第五段 not all the playful socks that Trudeau wears send some kind of political message some of them are
44、just for fun 可知不是所有 Trudeau 穿的袜子都带有政治色彩，有些纯属好玩。第六段主要讲了一个 Trudeau 在和 Enda Kenny 的会议中穿了一双有星球大战图案的袜子的例子，根据前文可以猜测，Vogue 杂志的记者 Emily Farra 说，如果说这也有什么含义的话，那一定是奇怪的含义。3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段 a symbol both of Mr Trudeaus ability to embrace multiculturalism and of his position as a next-generation leader not bound
45、by old traditions和 They have opened up possibilities for the future 可知，Friedman 认为 Trudeau 是一个思想开明、勇于接受文化多样性的总统，故答案选择 C。4. 主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲的是加拿大总理 Trudeau 出于各种政治或者个人喜好等原因在不同的场合穿着带有不同图案的袜子的事件，B 选项符合主旨。(B) CAFE DISPLAY OUR JOURNEYS 12 April-29 May 2008Young people explore how they have adapted to life in
46、 Oxford.“When I first came here,” says one young African woman, “I just wanted to cry all the time. And now I have learned to laugh again.” Working with photographer Rory Carnegie and writer Nikki van der Gaag, young men and women explore their journey from the time they first arrived in a strange p
47、lace to where they find themselves today. Organized by The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival (1017 April 2008). Supported by the Maggie Black Trust and Oxford City Council. ACTIVlTlES FOR CHlLDREN AND FAMILIES MODERN ART TROLLEY FREEArt activities for children every weekend during the exhibition
48、 in the Entrance Space from 2 p. m. to 4 p. m. Just drop in. Children must be led by an adult. WORKSHOP FOR 8 TO 12 YEAR OLDSThursday 7 April, 10：30 a. m. to 1：30 p. m.Looking at themes from the exhibition and exploring pictures based ideas through group discussion and using digital cameras. Led by
49、Judie Waldmann. BOOK LAUNCH FREEThe Drawing Book by Sarah Simblet is a practical approach to drawing the world around you. Sarah Simblet, who teaches at the Ruskin School of Drawing and Fine Art, University of Oxford, will be present to give a short talk about the development of her book. Special price of18 on copies purchased in the e
