1、 【关键词】村镇银行 农村金融 法律制度 对策【英文关键词】the country bank rural financial legal system Countermeasures村镇银行论文：我国村镇银行及其完善对策研究【中文摘要】长期以来,我国农村经济缺乏有效的金融支持,农户、中小企业融资困难。为了破解农村融资难题,配合我国社会主义新农村建设的步伐,一系列农村金融改革措施在有条不紊的进行。2006年底银监会发布了农村地区银行业金融机构准入政策,村镇银行作为一种新兴的银行业金融机构开始登上了历史舞台。村镇银行是农村金融创新的结果,它建立在传统小额信贷的基础上,又吸收了传统商业银行的特点,具
2、备产权结构多样,治理结构简单等多方面优势,加之其得到国家政策的大力扶持,村镇银行得到了迅速发展。但同时我们也应该注意,试点以来,村镇银行在发展过程中面临的各种问题也开始浮现出来,如果无视这些问题,随着时间的推移,这些问题必将成为影响村镇银行发展的巨大障碍。因此,如何应对村镇银行在发展过程中遇到的问题并提出适合村镇银行发展的完善对策,成为值得研究的问题。本文为分五个部分展开：第一部分,概述村镇银行的基本问题,包括村镇银行的定义、村镇银行的特征以及村镇银行的法律性质。村镇银行的特征有资产规模较小、经营范围特定、产权结构多元、治理结构灵活等等,村镇银行的法律性质既不是政策性银行,也不是一般意义上的商
3、业银行,而是特殊的商业银行,将来可定位为中国的社区银行；第二部分,简要介绍了与村镇银行有关的一些基础理论,包括交易费用理论、非对称信息理论、弱势群体理论、金融创新理论和金融发展权理论等；第三部分,主要是对目前村镇银行获得的成就以及存在的问题进行分析,为之后法律对策的思考指明方向；第四部分,主要通过对国外类似金融机构进行比较分析,归结社区银行、乡村银行等的先进经验,得到如何更好地发展我国村镇银行的启示；第五部分,在结合上文论述和研究的基础上提出完善我国村镇银行法律制度的对策,主要从满足村镇银行营利性要求、完善村镇银行法律监管和防范村镇银行贷款风险三个方面展开论述。【英文摘要】Our countr
4、y rural economic has been devoid of effective financial support for a long time, farmers, small and medium-sized enterprise in face of financing difficulties. In order to break up the rural financing problems, with the pace of building a new socialist countryside, a series of rural financial reformi
5、ng measures have been carried out in an orderly way. By the end of2006the banking regulatory commission issued a rural banking financial institutions admittance policy, our country bank begin to land on the stage of history as a new banking financial institutions. The country bank is the result of r
6、ural financial innovation, it is based on the traditional microfinance, and absorded the features of the traditional commercial banks. It has some advantages such as diversiform property right structure、simple governance structure and so on.It has developed rapidly with strong support of the nationa
7、l policy. But at the same time, we should also notice that various problems of the country bank begin to emerge in the process of the development. If we ignore these problems, with the passage of time, all these problems will turn into huge obstacles impacting on the development of the country bank.
8、 Therefore,It becomes worthy to study that how to deal with the country banks problems encountered in the process of the development and put forward the suitable consummation countermeasures for the development of the country bank.This paper is divided into five aspects:the first part, it summarizes
9、 the basic problems of the country bank, including the definition of the country bank, the characteristics of the country bank and the legal nature of the country bank. The features of the country bank include smaller property scale, specific business scope, diversiform property right structure, fle
10、xible governance structure and so on. The legal nature of the counry bank is not policy banks and not the commercial banks in general, but the special commercial bank, it can be oriented to the Chinese community banks in the future; The second part, it introduces some basic theories of the country b
11、ank briefly, including the transaction cost theory, the asymmetric information theory, the weak group theory, the financial innovation theory and the theory of the right of financial development; The third part, it mainly analyse the achievements and the existing problems of the current country bank
12、 for pointing out the thinking direction of the legal countermeasures behind; The fourth part, it mainly summarizes the advanced experience of the community bank and the rural bank by analysing the foreign similar financial institution for the revelation how to develop our country bank better; The f
13、ifth part, it put forward the consummation countermeasures of the country bank legal system in combination with discussed and studied above, mainly dissertate from three aspects, meet the profit-making requirements of the country bank, consummate the legal supervision of the country bank and prevent
14、 the loan risk of the country bank.【目录】我国村镇银行及其完善对策研究 摘要 3-4 Abstract 4-5 引言 8-11 (一) 课题研究的依据和意义 8-9 1. 选题依据 8 2. 选题的研究意义 8-9 (二) 国内外研究现状 9-10 (三) 研究范围和文章结构 10-11 一、村镇银行概述 11-14 (一) 村镇银行的定义与特征 11-12 (二) 村镇银行的法律性质 12-14 二、村镇银行的基础理论简介 14-16 (一) 交易费用理论 14 (二) 非对称信息理论 14 (三) 弱势群体理论 14-15 (四) 金融创新理论 15 (
15、五) 金融发展权理论 15-16 三、我国村镇银行的成就与问题 16-19 (一) 我国村镇银行的成就 16 (二) 我国村镇银行存在的问题 16-19 1. 股份制优势难发挥 16 2. 吸储困难大 16-17 3. 竞争地位低 17 4. 营利压力大 17 5. 贷款风险大 17-19 四、国外相关金融机构的启示 19-29 (一) 美国社区银行 19-22 1. 美国社区银行的特征与优势 19-20 2. 美国社区银行对我国的启示 20-22 (二) 印度农村金融机构 22-29 1. 印度农村金融服务体系与特点 22-23 2. 印度促进农村金融发展的主要做法 23-25 3. 印度农
16、村金融对我国的启示 25-29 五、完善我国村镇银行法律制度的对策 29-37 (一) 满足村镇银行营利性要求 29-30 1. 建立存款保险制度 29 2. 改革财税立法加大政策扶持 29-30 3. 放宽地域限制 30 (二) 完善村镇银行的法律监管 30-34 1. 村镇银行的监管目标 30-31 2. 村镇银行的监管原则 31-33 3. 村镇银行的监管内容 33-34 (三) 防范村镇银行的贷款风险 34-37 1. 出台征信法律法规健全农村信用体系 34 2. 完善农户联保贷款制度 34-35 3. 增加农村抵押权客体 35-36 4. 构建农业保险法律体系 36-37 结语 37-38 注释 38-39 参考文献 39-41 读硕期间论文发表情况 41-42 后记 42-43
