1、一、 单词（及在文中上下文）替换及搭配：1、员工（工人）：people、worker、employee 、staff2、人类： human beings、humans、humankind、humanity、people、person、folks、individual、staff 、player、contestant、participant、3、工资: pay、income、wage、salary、payment、earning、paycheck、have a greener paycheck、花费：expense、cost、revenue、investment、fortunes、funding
2、 、capital、fiscal、4、通过(方式):by、though、via、by means of5、Google：the search giant、the worlds largest search engine、the search champion、the defending champion、the California company、the public company 上市公司、the NASDAQ-listed company、the blue-chip company 蓝筹股、6、President Bush：the US government、the Federal g
3、overnment、the Bush Administration、 the Administration、lame duck(跛脚鸭)7、Beckham: one of the most recognized faces in the global soccer field8、China：the country、the nation、the Middle Kingdom、the emerging country、this ancient land、this land 、the rising power、the United Stateslargest economic competitor.
4、 9、Recover: revive 、pick up、rebound / Recovery =revival10、Recession : slump、slide 、slip、downturn 、depression、11、fashion(方法)：in a similar fashion 、in a similar、in a similar manner、vocation12、trend ：phenomenon、tendency 、tide/irreversible trend、unstoppable trend、reverse the trend13、shift: change sth (f
5、undamentally/dramatically/sharply/substantially)14、spot(v)：see、catch、recognize、catch sight of、pick up. Ex. He has good eye for spotting mistakes.他识别错误的洞察力很强。15、spot(n):斑点，1)on the spot=at once/immediately、/2)at the place of the action.在现场16、evidence：proofin evidence 显而易见、ex. She was in evidence at t
6、he party. 他在舞会上很突出。17、somehow 无论如何、不知怎么搞的： by some means、in some way、for some reasons unknown18、somewhat： a little19、relationship：Modify/improve + the relationshipterminate /stop/halt + the relationship consolidate 巩固/ establish 建立 + the relationship resume/restore + the relationship20、endanger: jeo
7、pardize ex. Endangered species act/bill 濒危物种法案21、竞争力: remain/ enhance=sharpen competitive 保持/提高竞争力、competitiveness =competitive advantage=competitive edge22、老年人：the old、the elderly、the aged、aged folks、seniors citizens、people in their retirement years、retiree23、cost: bear the cost/shoulder the cost 承
8、担成本、cover the cost=expense 支付成本、shared cost 共同的成本、bear the intolerable huge cost、24、shared: shared/mutual/common goal25、critical(adj): criticize(vt)、critics 批评家、criticism 批评、 Speak critically of 反义 think highly of 、be critical of/fromEx. At lease sixteen armed policemen were killed,5 critically/seri
9、ously/severely/ 反义 slightly injured.26、average: The price averaged $15.=The average price was $15. 27、show：prove、demonstrate、indicate、reveal、display、28、be revealed: be disclosed、be exposed29、over ：rather than、instead of、30、famous：prominent、distinguished、renowned 、outstanding、top 、respected 受人尊敬的resp
10、ectable 值得尊敬的人respectable-looking 看起来值 得尊敬( 实际不是)31、worsen：deteriorate ex. The worsening situation can be attributed to the rise in oil prices.32、historically ：from historical perspective33、factor: element、ingredient. ex. The trend is driven by a couple of factors/elements/ingredients.= Several fact
11、ors are the driving forces behind the tide/trend.34、however: nevertheless 、nonethless35、declaration: proclamation36、diversity: variety37、a win-win situation/circumstance/case/occasion/climate/atmosphere/environment 双赢的局面38、stress: emphasize、place emphasis on、39、win/taste/score success 取得成功40、close/f
12、ill/plug/bridge the gap 弥补代沟、widen/narrow the gap 、41、数位时代：digital/electronic age/times/period/era42、surplus：deficit43、穷人：the economically disadvantaged、the poor、the economically less advantage、the needy、the underprivileged、people living below the poverty line、the marginalized group urbanize、44、disc
13、ard：abandon、forsake A for B、drop、give up、45、cultivate: train、nurture、foster、forge46、increase: pick up、grow47、reduce: trim、decrease、48、climate: mood、atmosphere、49、reward: return 、50、system: mechanism、51、control ：tightenintense ones control over sth 反 loosen ones control over sth、tighten the border 加强
14、边防Were in control=were in charge 在我们的控制中。Were under control 我们被控制。Lose control of sth 反 take control of sth52、bill: act、initiative、measure、ex. draft bill 草案、draft the bill 起草法案、veto the bill 否决法案、sign the bill 签署法案、 pass the bill=the passage of the bill 通过法案、foot the bill 埋单、anti-trust bill 反垄断法、53、
15、legislator：law-maker、legislation、legalized drugs 合法化的毒品、54、translate: translate into 转化为、free translate 意译、literal translate 直译（注意与literary、literate、liberal 的区别） 、oral translation = Interpretation、55、interpretation: interpretation of dreams 梦的解析、interpretation of legislation 法律上的解释、interpretation of
16、 genuine papers 真题解析、56、offset ：compensate57、really: truly58、manufacturers: maker、producers 59、购买力：purchasing/buying/spending + powerboost ones buying power 推动购买力60、consequently: as a consequence(一般跟不好的情况)61、endless: a large slice of62、Net-surfer: net citizen、netizennet caf 网吧63、symbolize: be symbol
17、ic of、be a symbol of64、flawless: perfect 反义imperfect=flaw65、monitor: class president66、enough: adequate 、sufficient、abundant67、grab /grasp/capture/sizen this golden opportunity 抓住这次大好良机68、sth is my No1/priority/top.69、positive 阳性 反 negative 阴性70、繁荣: boom、prosper、thrive、flourish、exuberant 、71、magnify
18、: amplify72、企业： business、firm、corporation、company 、enterprise、73、convey：communicate 传达74、appealing: 吸引人的，上诉75、extend：prolong（时间上）76、notion: Challenge the long-held notion.挑战被人们长久所持有的观念。77、particular：be particular about = be selective about78、dweller: resident、inhabitant、ex. People inhabiting(不用 livi
19、ng、dwelling、residing) the planet.79、robust: strongmuscular 肌肉发达的、dynamic 精力充沛的80、preach: advocate81、send: emit 、deliver、82、subjective 主观的 反 objective 客观的83、ship: vessel 84、收购：acquire85、technique 具体的技术、 technology86、lasting: enduring 、continuous、87、settle: disposeunsettled dispute 未解决的争议88、sacred: ho
20、ly、solemn 、89、位于：lie、 stand、locate(vt.)、situate(vt)、ex. An American team explored a temple which stands /lies / is located/is situated in an ancient city .90、sparse 反 dense、ex. This area is sparsely populated. 反 The area is densely populated.91、under(prep 、方位)：beneath、92、reconstruct: restore、put tog
21、ether、piece together 、recover93、privilege(好处): advantage ex. sacrifice ones privilege/advantage94、triumph: victory、over sb、95、philosopher: thinker96、columncolumnist syndicated columnist 垄断性97、similarsimilarity98、adult = grown-ups、children = kids99、adolescent: teenage = people in their teens 100、rate
22、: incidence101、promise guarantee（语气比 promise 肯定）102、storm: 爆发，抗议的规模与强度103、add/subtract/multiply/divide：加减乘除104、计算：compute、calculate、statistical、statistics、data、figures105、information: data106、abuse ones power 滥用权力、power the auto 为汽车提供能源/能量、power failure 断电，停电、kidney failure 肾衰竭、107、behind the times：
23、过时108、swing: fluctuation 波动109、方面： respect、aspect、dimension、facet、sphere、 semi-circle 半圆、hemisphere球体、 semi-colonial Korea 半殖民化的韩国110、maximize 反 minimize111、珍惜：cherish、treasure、value、place a high value on、prize、112、Whites 白人: Caucasians Hispanics 西班牙裔人、113、tainted / contaminated / polluted milk、tain
24、ted 最常用，其次 contaminated，再次polluted。114、cover: cover story 封面报道、 cover girl 封面女郎、cover the event 报道事件、cover me掩护我、news coverage 新闻报道、 live coverage 现场报道、reality show 纪实性节目115、limit: reach ones limit、test ones limit、116、optimistic 谨慎乐观 反 pessimistic cautiously approving 谨慎的支持117、upset the delicate bal
25、ance：打破脆弱的平衡118、stake ：愿意为赛马中的赌注风险 ex. The scientific stakes here are high.科学的风险/回报很高（根据上下文意思定） 。119、Climate：mood 120、engaging：charming 121、inadequacy：weakness 122、Pursuit/jobs/field/123、robust：active、robust growth、124、vulnerable：weak 、125、offset ：compensate、126、concede：admit、127、合作：cooperation、coll
26、aboration（with sb on sth ） 、team spirit128、隔阂： gap、barrier、chasm、gulf、crack、129、responsibility: commitment130、profession: vocation131、支持者：advocate、enthusiast、supporter、132、残酷的： cruel、inhuman、vicious 、harsh133、合并：combination 、merger、acquisition、consolidation134、对手：rival、competitor 、opponent 、135、疗法：
27、cure、therapy、136、汽车：motorcar 、auto、automobile、137、包括：include、encompass138、combat with: battle with、fight with 、fight against、139、support: be support of、approve、favor 、back、assist、in sympathy with sb/sth、140、法案：bill、act、measure、initiative、141、判决：ruling、dominate、reign 、decision、142、moral: moral values
28、、value traditional morals、conventional wisdom、143、at first 、initially 、previously、originally、formerly、144、eventually: finally 、ultimately、currently 、presently 、145、join: enlist146、overrate: overmate147、Startle/astonish/148、Expert/professional149、Confer/present150、action: move151.noteworthy/pronounce
29、d/outstangding/impressive/exceptional/unusual/special/remarkable/elite/notable/famous/distinguished(形容人)/prominent/renowned/top152、At the peak of= at the top of153、average: mean、154、enormously: greatly、immensely、disproportionately 、155、outrage：resentment、indignation、ex. Induce resentment、righteous i
30、ndignation 、义愤156、obtain ：take out157、protection：conservation158、key: critical、crucial159、very: exceedingly、extremely、intensely.160、imagine: visualize161、unfortunate: regrettable162、decline: degradation163、mad: crazy、fanatic、dedicated、ardent、adoring、avid、devoted 、keen 、 164、decline: degradation165、e
31、ncounter: conflict166、contain: account for167、roughly: some、an estimated 、approximately 、around、168、likelihood: possibility 169、outlook: prospect、picture.170、a battle/combat/fight against crime、battle/combat/fight crime171、reliable: anything to go by172、predecessor 反 successor173、inspire: invigorate
32、174、mere: meager175、the further is bleaker/gloomy/pessimistic .176、receive/win/pocket prize 授予 go to prize177、conduct/perform/run research178、warn: caution 179、percentage: proportion180、conflict：encounter181、boost: prompt、mutual.182、whilst: while183、programmer: developer、coder、184、purchaser ：user、cu
33、stomer 、buyer、185、reduce: decrease186、emerge: advent187、immediate/prompt/drastic action188、sit at：is189、overseas: abroad190、domestic: homegrown191、mindless: unconscious192、track: path 、pathways 、guide、direct 193、offer/afford/present opportunity194、transmit: sent to195、arm: branch196、dedicated: loyal
34、、faithful、devoted、die-hand fans 197、reviewers: critics198、批评：attack、ccriticism 199、morality: moral values200、jobless rate: unemployment rate补充几个常见的表经济危机的词：economic/ financial crisis/ slowdown / meltdown / tsunami / crunch / woes / crash / storm / conflagration 原意是大火。加上小周的 Recession : slump、slide、sli
35、p、downturn 、depression大家一起学习。buck 抵制反抗/ weather / ride / surf / withstand / stem 阻止；封堵；遏止/ curtail 限制；缩短；减缩 / beat the economic meltdown.201、family：household202、fume ：distinction203、施肥：feed、 fertilize204、坦承：confess、admire、profess、let out、205、stress: emphasize、place emphasis on、accentuateaccentuate/e
36、mphasize/stress the importance of education put/place a(n) accent/emphasize/stress on the importance of education206、pressure: stress、tension、207、always obtainable: often obtainable208、consistently obtainable: constantly obtainable209、obtainable: available210、artificial: synthetic211、strict: tough21
37、2、sole: only、unique 、213、predict: expect、forecast、214、virtual: simulated215、 经济、工业发展：progress、development、advance、advancement 、evolvement216、robot：droid217、primacy：predominate、218、无与伦比：best、unparalleled、219、driving force ：impetus、catalyst、220、mediocrity：ordinariness221、offspring: descendant222、defec
38、tive: faulty、flaw 、223、下降、下跌：drop、decline、decrease、diminish、fall、reduce、224、ration: ratio225、剂量：dose、dosage、226、疼痛：pain、agony 、227、illegitimate: illegal、guilty、 228、功能：role、function、 229、解释：explanation、explanatory items、230、关注：attention 、concern、231、reach: hit232、globally: around the global/earth/pl
39、anet233、global: international、worldwide、234、undoubtly: no doubt235、远远超过：far above/beyond/over/surpassing/exceeding236、fierce/tough/keen/stiffer competition237、saler: merchant、wholesaler 238、flair: talent239、part with: disclose240、media: medium241、talk: remark、delivery、242、stomp: stamp243、natural: un
40、forced 244、准确性: accuracy、precision 、245、存在：existence、presence、246、独创性：ingenuity、creativity、247、装置：gizmo、device 、assembly 、utility 、248、barely: hardly、249、instantaneously: immediately、250、结果：impact、effect、consequence、251、gloomy: pessimistic、252、履行：fulfill、perform 、conduct 、253、trustworthy: credible 、
41、dependable、254、alien: strange、255、巨大的：great、huge 、 enormous、gigantic 、256、multinational: multinational corporation 、257、division: divide（n）258、detrimental :damaging259、hypersensitive: too sensitive、260、prominent: important、261、宣扬：preach、publicize、advocate 、262、挫折：obstacle、setback、difficulty 、adverse
42、 circumstance、263、溺爱：coddle、indulge、spoil、pamper（v） 、264、excessive: too much、265、享有 sth: have/enjoy the advantage、have/enjoy a good reputation、266、rear: raise、267、作者观点词：Maintain、consider 、think、urge 、note、suggest、believe、approve、propose 、content、assert、show、reveal、display、prove、acknowledge、reveal、in
43、dicate、demonstrate、affirm、hold、discuss、put forward、come up with、point out、take the attitude that、harbor the idea that、 view on、stake out、probe into、 I agree with your view: I favor your view、I am in favor of your view、I support your view、I am supportive of your view、sad to say、In my opinion: on my p
44、ersonal level、from my perspective、in my view、my sense is、in my eyes、in my judgment补充一个句型： I couldnt agree with something more词组替换(多样表达) 1、swarm into=flood into=surge into Ex: The increasing workers have flooded into urbans in China/A growing number of migrant workers are flooding into urban China. 越
45、来越多的民工正在涌入中国的城市。 2、rural China 中国农村/corporate America、corporate America 美国企业界 3、裁员：reduce the number of employee/staff、cut heads、fire 、dismiss、discharge、lay sb off、give sb the sack、sack sb、pink slip、out job、reduce job、remove job 4、下岗工人：laid-off works 5、解雇（委婉）：Sb be fired/dismissed/laid off/discharge
46、、sb fired ones boss、ex. My boss told me find better job. 6、辞职、离职：step out of /quit ones employment、abandon/exit/resign/drop out a career、 leave ones job、resignation from 7、发展中国家: underdeveloped countries 、emerging countries 8、不充分的治疗：under treatment=inadequate treatment unemployed=jobless 失业的 underem
47、ployment 不充分就业 9、合作：team with、in partnership with 、collaborate(with sb on sth)10、经济周期: business / economic cycle 11、商界: business/economic circle、the business world、the business community、the corporate world 12、disposable income 可支配收入、irresistible temptation 无法抵制的诱惑 13、in the possession of sb :in sbs
48、 position 归某人所有/ in possession of sth 拥有某物(主动)/ take possession of 拥有14、成就感：sense of achievement/accomplishment/attainment/fulfillment 15、 未完成的目标：unfulfilled objective/goal/achievement/accomplishment 16、归属感：sense of belonging 17、 guaranteed payment: secured payment 18、大部分、大量的: most、most of the、the m
49、ajority of、the bulk of、a (whole) host of 、large/huge number of、big/great/huge/substantial/vast majority 、a considerable majority of、a myriad of、a multitude of、a myriad of、an abundance of、a army of、the vast majority of、the great/overwhelming majority of、 a sea of、 an ocean of、 many sth, if not most、a significant number、a large dose of 、in (full) force 、 a large mountain of、a plethora of 19、压倒性多数：overwhelming majority 微弱多数：bare/narrow/slim majority 20、长远看来: in the long range、in the long run、 in the long
