1、第 1 页 共 40 页Unit 2 The environmentWelcome to the unit 迹象; 说法”的意思，动词 suggest也有 “暗示；使人想到；意味着” 的意思，其后接同位语从句或宾语从句时不应用虚拟而第 5 页 共 40 页应是陈述结构，例如：There is no suggestion that he was involved in any wrongdoing. 没有迹象表明他曾参与过任何坏事。They dismissed the suggestion that they hadnt worked hard. 他们不接受他们没有努力工作的说法。His att
2、itude suggests that he isnt really interested. 他的态度表明他并不真的感兴趣。Her face suggests that shes bored. 从她的面部表情可知她生厌了。(2) cut back (on) “削减；减少; 减低”, We shall have to cut back on our spending. 我们将不得不削减我们的经费。If we dont sell more, well have to cut back (on) production.我们若不能增加货物的销售量, 就必须大幅度降低产量。We must cut bac
3、k on expenditure in order to save more money. 我们应减少开支, 以节省更多资金。类似短语：cut back 缩减（生产，开支） ； cut down 砍倒，减少； cut in 插入，插嘴；cut off 切断（电力、煤气等） ； cut out 删掉，裁减10. It would be beneficial to expand our recycling industry, and teach people about environmentally friendly ways of living.（page 22, lines 2425）发展循
4、环再造业，教会人们有益环境的生活方式，会很有益处。（1）It would be beneficial to是形式主语的句型， “it”是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式 to expand our recycling industry。又如：It requires courage to do this kind of work. 干这种工作是需要勇气的。（2）beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的I hope your holiday will be beneficial to you. 我希望你的假期会对你有益。常用句型：be beneficial to 对 有益处 同义短语：be of
5、 benefit to sb. 对某人有益处；do good to 对有好处表示推测或希望也许，大概I would imagine that theyll want to keep it.我猜他们也许想保留它。I guess some people would consider it brutal.我想有些人大概会认为这很野蛮。表示不确定之意 It would seem to be getting warmer. 天气似乎变得更暖和了11. It is obvious that you are very concerned about the present situation of our
6、environment.（ page 23, lines 2930）显然，你对我们的环境现状很担忧。(1) It is obvious that是形式主语句型，it 作形式上的主语， that 引导的主语从句是真正的主语。形容词 obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, quite clear, unusual, etc.常用于此句型中。例如：It is certain (that) he will come to the discussion
7、. 他肯定会来参加讨论。It is probable that she might change her mind at the last minute. 她大概会在最后时刻改变主意。It was surprising that he finished writing a novel in only twenty days.他在二十天内写完了一本小说, 真令人吃惊。第 6 页 共 40 页It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone. 说也奇怪，无人知道他去哪儿了。(2) 辨析：be concerned about, be concerne
8、d for, be concerned withbe concerned 可以和不同的介词搭配，构成系表结构的惯用语，也都有基本相同的意义“关心；关注” ，但在着重点上还是有微细的区别。例如： be concerned about 着重于“非常重要的位置或分量” 。They appeared completely unconcerned about what they had done.看来他们完全不在乎自己的所作所为。You should not be too much concerned about saving appearances. 你不该过于计较面子。Everybody is co
9、ncerned about the future of his country. 每个人都关心自己国家的前途。 be concerned for 着重于“为担心；担忧” 。 Were all concerned for her safety. 我们都很担心她的安全。Naturally we were concerned for him when we heard of the accident.当我们听到那意外事件时, 自然地为他担忧。Some people dont show much concern for our environment. 有些人不太关心我们的环境。 be concern
10、ed with 着重于“对感兴趣” 。What parts of this issue would they care about or be concerned with? 他们会关心或参与这个问题的哪些部分？It is reported that the pop singer is concerned with selling drugs. 报道那个流行歌手涉嫌贩毒。 (3) concern n. “关心; 关注”You need feel no concern about the matter. 你不必担心那件事。China expresses its profound concern
11、over such a development. 中国对此发展表示严重关切。12. When people think of factories, they think of clouds of dirty smoke or a pipe pouring chemical waste into a river.（page 23, lines 3132）每当人们想起工厂，就会想到滚滚烟尘，或向河流倾泄化学废物的管道。(1) pouring chemical waste into a river 是现在分词短语做后置定语。(2) 辨析：pour into， pourinto两个短语在意义上略有不同
12、。 pour into（不断地、大量地 “流进；涌入” 。例如：The river pours into the sea. 河水奔腾流进大海。The crowd suddenly poured into the store. 人群突然涌进商店。 pourinto“把倒入、投入” 。例如：She poured a little whisky into a glass. 她往杯里倒了点威士忌。The government poured a large sum of money into the project.政府把大笔资金投入了这项工程。13. What Im here to say is th
13、at having worked side by side with many environmentalists, I know that a healthy environment and a stable economy should be possible at the same time. （ page 23, lines 3638）在这里我想说的是，与很多环保人士共第 7 页 共 40 页同努力过后，我知道健康的环境和稳定的经济并存是可能的。(1) 这是一个比较复杂的长句；what Im here to say 是主语从句, 系动词 is 后的 that 引导一表语从句；在整个表语
14、从句中 having worked side by side with many environmentalists 现在分词的完成式做状语表时间，谓语动词 know 后面是 that 引导的宾语从句。(2) side by side 意为“并肩地 ”，其中 by 表示以连续的单位、批量或程度计。类似重叠短语有：day by day 一天天地 little by little 逐渐地one by one 一个一个地 step by step 逐步地 14. But I do agree that recycling may be the key to helping both sides.（p
15、age 23, line 45）我的确赞同循环利用是助益两者的关键。the key to sth./doing sth.意为“是的关键” 。此外，key 还有“钥匙” 、 “答案”等意思。to 是介词，其后接名词、代词或 V-ing 形式。例如：a key to the grammar exercises 语法练习答案the answer to the question 问题的答案the key to the door 房门的钥匙secretary to the managing director 总经理的秘书notes to the text 课文的注释the key to the succ
16、ess 成功的秘诀the solution to the problem 对于这个问题的解决办法a monument to the martyrs 烈士纪念碑15. This might make wood and seafood more expensive, but paying a higher price for some things is not always bad for the economy. (page 23, lines 4951)这或许会让木材和海产品价格上涨，但为某些东西付出高一些代价并不总意味着对经济不利。(1) 这是一并列句，but 后第二分句中 paying
17、a higher price for some things 是动名词短语做主语。(2) is not always bad for是一部分否定句结构，部分否定句型结构归纳如下：部分否定是将否定对象以各种不同的程度给以一部分，或大部分否定。这在英语学习中特别值得注意。常见结构有： 否定词 not 与表频率的副词 always 连用时（not always = sometimes） ，可理解为“并非总是” 。例如：He isnt always late for school. 他也不是上课老迟到。I dont always begin work at nine in the morning. 我
18、并不总是上午 9 点开始工作。 定词 not 与 all, both, every 及其复合词（everything、everybody 、everywhere ）等词连用,表示不完全否定。例如：All the boys dont like football. =Not all the boys like football.（Some boys like football but some of them dont.）不是所有的男孩都喜欢足球。Every horse can not run fast. = Not every horse can run fast. (Some horses c
19、ant run fast.)不是每匹马都跑得快。Both of the answers are not right. (One of the two answers is wrong.) 并非两个答案都错。This kind of thing is not found everywhere.（You can find this kind of thing somewhere. ） 这种事不是处处皆有。第 8 页 共 40 页 含有 seldom、hardly、little、few 等准否定词的句子也应属于部分否定范围。例如：You have done little for us. 你几乎没为我
20、们干什么。Very few people understood what he said. 几乎没人懂他的话。Hardly anyone believes that. 怕没几个人相信。16. Asking around, I find many people willing to pay slightly higher prices for things that are environmentally friendly.（page 23, lines 5152）我征询周围很多人的看法，许多人愿意花稍高的价格来买环保产品。(1) ask around “到处打听”, around 是副词。I
21、do not know , but ask aroundsomebody will know. 我不知道，但你不妨打听一下，总会有人知道。Well, I guess one thing I can do is to ask around. 我想我能为你做的事是去四处询问一下。类似短语：look around 四下观望 get around 随意走走move around 走来走去 run around 到处跑drive around 到处驾驶 walk around 到处走动show sb. around 带领某人参观(2) willing 是形容词。它意为“愿意的”或“情愿的”时多作表语。常
22、用句型有： 系动词 + willing to do sth. “乐于、愿意做”.例如：What dose Qian Liwei say many people are willing to do? (page 24)钱利伟说许多人愿意干什么？We are quite willing for you to have dinner with us. 我们很乐意你和我们一起吃饭。They appear /seem willing to talk to us. 他们看起来愿意跟我们交谈。 willing 其后可以接从句。从句中的谓语动词习惯用虚拟语气 should 加原形动词。例如：He is wil
23、ling that she (should) marry him. 他愿意她和他结婚。Are you willing that he (should) be allowed to join in? 你愿意让他加入吗?(3) pay a / the price for “为付出代价”。例如：They will have to pay a high price for it. 为此他们得付很高的代价。17. People should take responsibility for not buying certain kinds of fish, because there are not ma
24、ny left in the ocean.（page 25）人们应该负起责任来，拒绝购买某些种类的鱼，因为这些鱼类在海洋中所剩无几了。(1) 辨析：take responsibility for, be responsible for 这一组短语在意义上有点相似, 都有“对负责”的意思，但不应忽视他们的微细区别。 take responsibility for “对 负起责任”, 侧重于动作的过程；与不同的动词搭配，产生不同的意义。例如：If anything goes wrong, Ill take responsibility for it. 出了问题我兜着。Will you take r
25、esponsibility for arranging the food? 你能负责安排食物的事宜吗？He has no responsibility for that accident. 他对那个事故没有责任。The bank refuses to accept responsibility for the mistake. 银行拒绝对这一错误承担责任。第 9 页 共 40 页 be responsible for “对负责任”，这是一个系表结构，侧重于动作后的结果，例如：You are supposed to be responsible for them. 你是应当对他们负责的。He m
26、ust be responsible to me for this matter. 这件事他必须对我负责。Theyre responsible for cleaning the engine. 他们是负责清洗发动机。Who was responsible for the mistake? 谁应对这一错误负责？(2) 辨析：certain, some都可以做形容词来修饰名词，在意义上也比较接近，有时候可以互换，但在结构上应注意变化。 certain 意为“某, 某些” ，即可修饰单数也可以是复数名词。例如：To a certain degree, he has failed. 从某种程度上说，他
27、已经失败了。A certain person called on me yesterday. 某个人昨天拜会了我。 Certain plants dont grow well in this country. 有些植物在这个国家生长不好。 some 做 “某个, 某一” 理解 , 其本身已涵盖“一”的概念，因而仅用于修饰单数可数名词。修饰可数名词复数，其意思是“一些” 。例如：There must be some / a certain mistake. 这肯定有某种错误。He is working at some / a certain place in the north. 他在北方某地工
28、作。He has gone to some / a certain place in Asia. 他到亚洲某地去了。18. What if we run out of space? （page 25）用完了空地，会出现什么结果呢？(1) What if? =What would happen if?“要是/如果又会怎样?”，和“what about?”一样已成为一约定俗成的句型。What if you should fail? 假如你失败了, 该怎么办呢?What if we move the picture over here? 倘若我们把这幅画移到这儿来，怎么样呢？What if you
29、go instead of me? 你替我去会怎么样？(2) run out (of)在本单元是 “用完、耗尽” 的意思，强调动作的结果。例如：Our food soon ran out. = Soon we ran out of food. 我们的粮食很快就吃完了。You have run out of money. What if he comes back? 你已经把钱花完了，他回来怎么办？19. My dad says he doesnt mind a little bit of pollution, as long as it means people have jobs.（page
30、 25 ）我爸说并不介意少量的污染，只要这意味着人们有就业的机会。 as long as =so long as“只要 ”，是一从属连词词组，可引导条件状语从句。例如：So long as we live, we must serve the people heart and soul. 只要我们还活着，就要全心全意为人民服务。You may borrow this book as long as you promise to give it back.只要你答应归还，你就可以把这书借走。Im sure we are safe as long as (we are) in his care.
31、我深信只要在他的保护下,我们就会平安无事。 as long as=since / now that，也有“既然、因为”的意思, 引导原因状语从句。例如：As long as weve driven this far, we might as well go on. 我们既然已经驶得这么远了,就不妨继续前进.第 10 页 共 40 页As long as youve offered, I accept. 既然你已给我，我就接受课堂作业. 根 据 首 字 母 或 汉 语 提 示 完 成 句 子 ,注 意 词 形 变 化 。1. As winter approached, the days beca
32、me shorter.2. Were just debating the question of environment protection.3. It was obvious to everyone that the child had been badly treated.4. The agreements will be effective from November.5. The figure of an angel appears on the coin.6. Im quite willing (自愿的) for you to go with them.7. You cant ap
33、preciate (赞赏) English poetry unless you understand its rhythm.8. People who refuse to pay tax (税)can be put in prison.9. The father of a family should have more sense of responsibility(责任).10. It has already brought many benefits to our national economy (经济). 补充翻译下列短语。1. 依靠矿物能源 depend on fossil fuel
34、s 2. 大量的废弃物 a large amount of waste 3. 展开讨论 open the floor for discussion 4. 被有毒化学物质毁灭 be wiped out by poisonous chemicals 5. 转变成大问题 turn into a big problem6. 对海洋生物有好处 be beneficial to sea creature7. 友好的生活方式 friendly ways of living8关心目前状况 be concerned about the present situation 9. 保护环境的有效法律 effecti
35、ve laws to preserve environment10. 帮助双方的关键 the key to helping both sides. 单项选择。1. Ten years ago the population of our village was C that of theirs. (2008 陕西卷)A. as twice large as B. twice as large as C. twice as much as D. as twice much as 2. Just in front of our house B with a history of 1,000 year
36、s. (2005上海春)A. does a tall tree stand B. stands a tall tree C. a tall tree is standing D. a tall tree stands3. The destruction of the World Trade Center has put US economy in a difficult C .A. occasion B. case C. situation D. background4. What will the world use for power when it A oil?A. has run ou
37、t of B. is running out of C. run out of D. ran out of5. The government is trying to A drug trafficking.A. wipe out B. copy out C. clean out D. wipe off6. He is not a bit mean; instead he is always D to help anyone in trouble.A. possible B. probable C. likely D. willing7. The government has announced
38、 plans to cut back B defence spending B 10% next year.第 11 页 共 40 页A. upon; to B. on; by C. of; by D. for; to8. What do you suggest?My suggestion is that Andrew C abroad and he stay here until the project completes.A. send B. should not send C. be sent D. not be sent9. I find this treatment is very
39、D to my health.A. willing B. illegal C. serious D. beneficial10. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go A theres sun, sea and beach. （2008全国卷1）A. as it B. as long as C. now that D. in order11. It is _B_ that the radio is broken, for the sound given out is not B .A. sur
40、e; pure B. obvious; clear C. clear; aloud D. certain; loudly12. The dictionary still A where I A it a moment ago.A. lies; laid B lied; lay C laid; laid D lies; lay13. The English spoken in the United States is only B different from that spoken in England.A. recently B. slightly C. mainly D. properly
41、14. The business D from having one office to having twelve.A. expands B. will expand C. is expanding D. has expanded15. In the United States, there is always A flow of people to areas of A country where more jobs can be found. （2008 四川卷）A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a. 选择括号中所给单词的适当形式填空 in ad
42、dition, ask around, side by side, pour into, be bad for, be concerned about,large amounts of, open the floor, clean up, run out of, wipe out, seeas1. There are fine meals to be had if you ask around.2. The two children are walking side by side.3. TV presenter, thank you. Lets open the floor to quest
43、ions.4. After his first novel was published, he was seen as one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation. 5. It shows your friends havent stopped being concerned about you. 6. We are always ready to wipe out any enemy who dares to attack.7. The waiter hurried to clean up the pieces of t
44、he broken plates.8. More and more waste and poison are poured into the water, the soil and the air.9. In addition, my visits will encourage people working on the projects and draw local peoples attention to the situation.10. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.Word power country B. It; c
45、ountry C. That; countries D. All; countries6. Cycling is highly B to peoples health and the environment. A. fashionable B. beneficial . changeable D. suitable 7. Do you know which path C the park? The one on your right.A. to lead B. leading to C. leads to D. led to8. This picture was taken a long ti
46、me ago. I wonder if you can B my father. A. find out B. pick out C. look out D. speak out 9. Not only D interested in football but D beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is; all his students are B. the teacher himself; are all his studentsC. is the teacher himself; are all his
47、 students D. is the teacher himself; all his students are 10. The doctor advised Vera strongly that she B take a holiday, but it didnt help.A. would B. should C. might D. could11.Can you help me with the maths homework, mom? You cant always B others help for your homework. Do it by yourself this tim
48、e. A. wait on B. rely on C. insist on D. turn on 12. I really appreciate C to relax with you on this nice island. A. to have had time B. to have time C. having time D. to having time 13. He D his voice in order to be heard by all the people around the square. 第 29 页 共 40 页A. lifted B. held C. rose D
49、. raised 14. Health problems are A connected with bad eating habits and a lack of exercise.A.closely B. apparently C. forcefully D. slightly15. It is reported that average family size C from five to three children.A. decreases B. is decreasing C. has decreased D. will decrease. 根据汉语提示完成下列句子。1. It is
