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形容词比较级和最高级用法.ppt

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1、形容词与副词的比较级和最高级,形容词常用于修饰名词,说明该词的性质、特征等。它在句中主要用作定语、表语、宾语补足语,如:,Groups of new, modern buildings have sprung up along the river. (定语)一群群新的现代建筑沿江拔地而起。 (2)The football game was marvelous. (表语)足球赛精彩极了。 (3) Im sorry that Im late.(表语) 对不起,我迟到了。 (4) Dont leave the door open, please.(宾补) 请不要将门敞着。 (5) He spent

2、three days in the snow, cold and hungry. (状语) 他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了两天。,1. 形相似、义相别的词 :,alone(独自地) lonely(偏僻的,寂寞的) alive(活着的) living(现存的,逼真的) lively(活泼的,生机勃勃的) blooming(花正开的) booming(繁荣的) credible(可靠的,可信的) creditable(声誉好的,值得称赞的) considerable应考虑的;相当(多、大)的 considerate(体贴的) desirous(想要的,渴望的) desirable(令人满意的,合意的,值

3、得要的) efficient(有效率的) sufficient(足够的),1. 形相似、义相别的词 :,exhaustive(彻底的,详尽的,消耗的)exhausting(使人筋疲力尽的) honorable(光荣的,可敬的)honorary(荣誉的,名誉的) historic(历史上著名的,有历史意义的)historical(历史的) imaginative(富于想象力的) imaginable可想象到的)imaginary(想象的,虚构的),1. 形相似、义相别的词 :,industrial(工业的)industrious(勤勉的) legible(易读的,清晰的)eligible(合格的

4、,有资格当选的) later(较迟的) latter(后者的) likely(可能的) likable(可爱的) respectful(有礼貌的)respective(各自的) respectable(可尊敬的),2. -ly 结尾的形容词,在英文里,有些形容词是以-ly 结尾的,这类词常见的有: brotherly(兄弟般的,亲切的) deadly(致命的,非常) earthly(尘世的) friendly(友好的) likely(可能的) leisurely(空闲的,从容的)lovely(可爱的) manly(男子气概的) weekly(每周一次的) yearly(每年一次的),一、规则变

5、化,1.单音节和少数双音节单词,一般在词尾加“er”或“est”。 clean, tall, small, cheap , short, long, light, high 2. 以不发音字母“e”结尾的单词,直接在词尾加 “r”或“st”。nice, late, close, fine, large, free, rude,以重读闭音节结尾的单词,如果词尾只有一个辅音字母时,应先双写这一辅音字母,再加“er”或“est”。 fat, big, red, thin, hot, sad, wet 以辅音字母+y结尾的单词,应先改“y”为“i”,在加“er”或“est”。 happy , easy

6、, heavy, healthy, busy, lucky, pretty, sunny, funny5、 其他双音节单词和多音节单词,都在其前面加“more”或“most”。(beautiful, interesting),二、 不规则变化。bad/ill worse-worstmany/much more-mostgood/well better - bestfar farther/further - farthest/furthestold older/elder - oldest/eldestlittle less - least,Read and compare :,young lo

7、ng full short small old fine easy hungry early heavy big red,younger youngest,longer longest,fuller fullest,shorter shortest,smaller smallest,older oldest,finer finest,easier easiest,hungrier hungriest,earlier earliest,heavier heaviest,bigger biggest,redder reddest,healthy many famous ill exciting c

8、arefully wet hot little few,healthier healthiest,more most,more famous most famous,worse worst,more exciting most exciting,more carefully most carefully,wetter wettest,hotter hottest,less least,fewer fewest,I. 原级用法: * 1.表示两者同等程度: as+adj/ adv.的原级+ as e.g. The ruler is as long as that one. He sings as

9、 well as Jack. as +原级+a/an+名词+asTom is as clever a boy as Mick.2. 表示两者程度不同:not as (so) +adj/ adv.的原级+ as He doesnt sing as(so) well as Jack.,3. as much as, as many as 与一样多 eg. I have done as much work as he did yesterday.You can take as many books as you can.,4.表示两者倍数关系:倍数+ as+原级+as 第一个as的前面可以加上表示倍数

10、的词、或是某些副词修饰语:twice , ( three ) times , nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly(远非,根本不), by no means(j决不), quite 等等。例如: Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大(亚洲比欧洲大三倍)。 James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本没有罗伯特高。,其他倍数表达法 “倍数adjadv(比较级)than” Your playground is four times large

11、r than ours 你们的操场比我们的操场大四倍。(你们的操场是我们操场的五倍大。),“倍数the名词of被比较对象”,其中常用的名词有size,length,width,depth,height等,也译作“是的多少倍”The new building is four times the height of the old one. 这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍高。(这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍),II. 比较级用法:,1. 比较级+than不同级的比较主要用表示于人与人、事物与事物之间不同之处的比较,其意义为“A比B更(怎么样)一些“。,They worked even harder than

12、they promised. 他们工作得比他们答应的还要卖力。 This street is narrower than that one. 这条街比那条街窄一些。,比较级+and+比较级, 表示“越来越” 在这个结构中的两个 “比较级“要求词性相同。 eg. warmer and warmer, nicer and nicer, more and more funWhen winter is coming , it gets colder and colder .冬天来临之际,天越来越冷了。,3. the+比较级 the+ 比较级表示的意义是“越(怎么样),就越(怎么样)“,在这个结构中的两

13、个“比较级“不要求一定词性相同,它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定 e.g. (1) The more you read the book, the more interesting you found . (2)The more we have, the more we want. 人欲无穷。,比较级的修饰语有 : much, far, even, a little, a lot, a bit, rather, still, rather(相当地),slightly(略微),a great deal (大量) + adj./adv. 比较级 He came even earlier than

14、I asked (him to). 她来得甚至比我叫她来的时间还要早。5. 当比较级后没有than, 而为of the two的结构,比较级前加the. eg. The taller of the two girls is Mary.,6. no + 比较级 + than的结构表示“A和B一样不“。例如: She runs no faster than her sister. 她与她妹妹一样跑不快。 Tom is no wiser than John. 汤姆和约翰一样没有聪明才智。 He is no richer than his brother. 他与他弟弟一样不富有。,7. Alices

15、diet was less healthy than Dannys diet. (不如) (more than 胜于), morethan与其讲不如说 He is more kind than honest. 与其讲他诚实,不如说他和善。,最高级用法:1. 形容词最高级用于in, of 或among的结构中, 形容词最高级前+the eg I am the best of (among)the three. He is the thinnest boy in my class. 2. 副词最高级不需+the eg. Jim goes to bed latest in my family.,(单

16、数)city,2. 比较级和最高级互换(比较时要把自己排除在外。注意比较的范围) eg. Shanghai is the largest city in China. Shanghai is larger than any other in China.,John is taller than any other student in the class. John is taller than in the class.,eg: John is the tallest student in the class.,anyone/anybody,else,Shanghai is larger t

17、han any of the other cities in China.,city,多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序,如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时,与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多,则音节少的形容词在前,音节多的在后。如:a small wonderful gift。 常用的顺序为: 限定词(these,those)+数量形容词(three)+描绘性形容词(beautiful)+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(1arge,1ong,high)+新旧(old)+颜色(red)+国籍(Chinese)+材料(Wood) +用途(use)+被修饰名词(de

18、sk),记住以上规则是必要的,但还应多阅读,多体会,增强语感。 another three English books另外三本英语书 all these last few days最近的这些日子 some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花 a high red brick wall一堵高高的红砖墙,命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查形容词的语法功能。 【解 析】 根据句子结构,空白处应为一项形容词或形容词短评作表语。根据句意和选择项,heavy 应为中心词,much too“太,非常”,修饰形容词heavy,且置于其前。而too much“太多”一般修饰动词和

19、不可数名词。too heavy much 为一错误排列。,1.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was_to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much,【解 析】 指导:选项A“宁可,宁愿,相当”表示某种超出了人们能接受的程度;选项 B只能修饰形容词或副词,而不能修饰动词;选项C表示行动的敏捷;选项D表示一个大的范围或方面。根据句子的意思,答案选D,意思是:这个项目之所以取得成功,在很大的程度上是由

20、于当地商人的支持。,2. The great success of this program bas been_due to the support given by the local business men. A. rather B. very C. quickly D. largely,【解 析】选项A的意思是:总计,共计;B的意思是:首先,最重要的是;C的意思是:毕竟,终究;D的意思是:根本,全然(一般用于否定句中)。根据句子的意思,答案选B.,3.Id like to buy a house-modern, comfortable, and_ in a quiet neighbor

21、hood. A. in all B. above all C. after all D. at all,【解 析】根据英语表示数字大小的习惯,排除选项B、D;根据下文many tickets left的意思,答案选A.,4. The number of people present at the concert was_ than expected. There were many tickets left. A. much smaller B. much more C. much larger D. many more,【解 析】多个形容词作定语时的位置关系,请看形容词考题解答锦囊(总限观,大形龄,色国材,目的用途名词前)。,5. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a _car. A. large German white B. large white German C. which large German D. German large white,

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