1、Sentence Elements,Stephanie,构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.,Definition,主要成分,次要成分,主语Subject (S),谓语Predicate (V),表语Predicative (P),宾语Object (O),定语Attribute,状语Adverbial,补足语,句子成分,Object Complement (Oc),句子成分详解表,是一个句子所叙述的主体，表示句子说的是什么人或什么事,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不是疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语不放于句首，而位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、
2、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。,主语Subject,1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular。2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the po
3、or.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.,（主语从句）,（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）,说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词或动词词组在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。,谓语Predicate,1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。He practices running every morning.The p
4、lane took off at ten oclock. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词的各种变形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致（主谓一致）。,表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。,宾语Object,1.They went to see an exhibition yesterday
5、.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.,（名词）,（代词、动名词）,（名词、数词）,4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.,（名词化形容词
6、，名词）,（不定式短语）,（动名词短语）,（宾语从句）,（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） Lend me your dictionary, please. To: write, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等， He sent the novel to William yesterday. For: leave, buy, build, choose, cook, draw, find, get, order, post, save等， She bought a gift for h
7、er mother. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补） They elected him their monitor.,只能接不定式做宾语ask, agree, care, choose, demand, dare, decide, expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, wish, desire等，如： He refused to lend me his bike.只能接动名词做宾语admit, avoid, advise, consider, e
8、njoy, excuse, escape, finish, imagine, mind, practise, suggest等，如：John has admitted breaking the window .既可接不定式，也可接动名词做宾语，但意义不同stop, mean, try, remember, forget, regret等。,用以说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。,表语Predic
9、ative,1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours? （代词） 3.The weather has turned cold. （形容词） 4.The speech is exciting. （分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one? （数词）,6.His job is to teach English. （不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football. （动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语）
10、 9.Time is up. The class is over. （副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad. （表语从句）,用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态等。,系动词（Linking verb),状态系动词,持续系动词,表像系动词,感官系动词,变化系动词,终止系动词,1）状态系动词:表示主语状态, beeg. He is a teacher. 2）持续系动词:表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度, keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand eg. He always kept
11、silent at meeting. 3）表像系动词:表示“看起来像”这一概念，seem, appear, look eg. He seems (to be) very sad.,4）感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste eg. This kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）变化系动词:表示主语变成什么样，become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run eg. He became mad after that. 6）终止系动词:表示主语已终止动作，表达“证实”，“变成”之意， prove, tur
12、n out eg. The rumor proved false. His plan turned out a success.,英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。,宾语补足语Object complement,1.His father named him Dongming. 2.They painted their boat white. 3.Let the fresh air in. 4.You mustnt force h
13、im to lend his money to you. 5.We saw her entering the room. 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.,（名词）,（形容词）,（副词）,（不定式短语）,（现在分词）,（介词短语）,（从句）,修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语常由形容词，分词，名词, 代词，不定式短语，动名词，介词短语或从句担任。,定语Attribute,1.Guilin is a beautiful c
14、ity. （形容词） 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country. （分词） 3.There are thirty women teachers in our school. （名词） 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised. （代词）,5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. （不定式短语） 6.The teaching plan for next term has been
15、worked out. （动名词） 7.He is reading an article about how to learn English. （介词短语） 8.Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.(定语从句),修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。常由副词，介词短语，句子充当。,状语Adverbial,1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for ten years. 3.He is prou
16、d to have passed the national college entrance examination.,（副词及副词性词组）,（介词短语）,（不定式短语）,4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin, you must continue.,（分词短语）,（名词）,（状语从句）,1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.3.I
17、 shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor. 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.,（时间状语）,（原因状语）,（条件状语）,（地点状语）,（方式状语）,10种状语,6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 8.He was so tired that he fell
18、asleep immediately. 9.She works very hard though she is old.10.I am taller than he is.,（伴随状语）,（目的状语）,（结果状语）,（让步状语）,（比较状语）,同位语（Appositive）:对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任 This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.插入语（Parenthesis）:对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等 To be frank, I don
19、t quite agree with you.,（一）指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分： 1. The students got on the school bus. 2. He handed me the newspaper. 3. I shall answer your question after class. 4. What a beautiful Chinese painting! 5. They went hunting together early in the morning.,S.,Attribute,O.,Predicate,Adverbial,Attribute,Adv
20、erbial,Adverbial,Exercises,6. His job is to train swimmers. 7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 8. There is going to be an American film tonight. 9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 10. His wish is to become a scientist. 11. He managed to finish the work in time. 12. Tom came to a
21、sk me for advice. 13. He found it important to master English.,Attribute,Predicative,O.,Predicate,S.,Predicate,S.,Predicative,Predicate,O.,Adverbial,AO.,RO.,14. Do you have anything else to say? 15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good. 16. Would you please tell me your address? 17. He sat
22、 there, reading a newspaper. 18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 19. He noticed a man enter the room. 20. The apples tasted sweet.,O.,Attribute,Parenthesis,O.,Adverbial,Adverbial,AS.,Predicative,O.C.,O.C.,Predicative,指出下列诸句中画线部分是什么成分： On the left of my house is an old church. Wh
23、y could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain? 3. I am not going to work today. 4. This thing is for peeling potatoes. 5.What time will you arrive? 6.The Genie promised that if anyone shouldcome and set him free, he would make him very rich. 7. What nationality are you?,S.,S.,
24、V.,Prep.O.,Adv.,O.C.,Predicative,8. I couldnt understand why he had decided to retire at 50. 9. I am terribly confused by all this information. 10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then. 11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights. 12. Ill be able to pass my driving test after I have had a f
25、ew lessons. 13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 14. It is obvious that money doesnt grow on trees.,Adverbial,V.,O.C.,O.,O.C.,S.,O.,(二)划分句子成分 1.we are working . 2.I can swim very well . 3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me . 4.Why does the wind blow . 5.The rain has been pulling down for a w
26、hole day . 6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music . 7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone . 8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .,9.I have a lot of clothes to wash .I have a lot of clothes to be washed . 10.He gave his son some advice on reading . 11.Read me the first paragraph .
27、 12.Ive ordered some soup for you . 13.He began leaning English ten years ago . 14.My being late worried my teacher . 15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us . 16.April Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .,17.He usually takes a nap after lun
28、ch ,as is his habit . 18.I found the book in the corner of the room. 19.he finished lunch and went into the garden . 20.The telephone rang . 21.We study hard . 22.His father might have died . 23.Will you leave the door open when going out . 24.Can you make the dog stand still ?,25.The landlord had t
29、hem working day and night . 26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing . 27.We all breathe ,eat, drink . 28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning . 29.The book weighs five kilos . 30.They will be flying to London . 31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me . 32.H
30、e promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.,33.Please pass a newly- published to me . 34.He lived in Guang Zhou . 35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees . 36.His uncle left him some money . 37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years . 38.I like popular music . 39.She knows what to do next . 40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .,Bye Bye,
