1、八、动词的时态和语态 （一）动词的时态 熟读深思 熟读下列各句，结合谓语动词的形式体会谓语动 词发生的时间或所处的状态，思考不同时态的用 法与构成。 1.I go to school at 700 every morning.每 天早上我七点去上学。（经常的动作） 2.The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。（客观真理） 3.Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。（格言或警句）,4.We often played together when we were children.我们小时候常在一起玩。（过去） 5.Theyre having a m
2、eeting now.他们现在在开会。（现在） 6.Im studying at an evening school.我在上夜校。（现阶段） 7.Shes always helping people.她老是帮助别人。（赞扬） 8.I knew you would agree.我知道你会同意的。 9.I have seen the film already.我已经看过那部电影了。（暗示我已知道电影的内容了）,10.She has been a dancer for ten years.她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。（从过去到现在） 11.When the police arrived,the thi
3、eves had run away.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。 12.When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour.当杰克到来时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。 13.The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中国人造纸有2 000年的历史了。,14.He will come if you invite him.如果你请他，他会来的。（条件句中） 15.The plane takes off at 1130.飞机十一点半起
4、飞。（时刻表中的规定） 16.Mike is coming home on Thursday.迈克星期四回来。（近期计划） 17.What are you going to do tomorrow?你打算明天做什么呢？（打算） 18.Look at the clouds;its going to rain.你看天上的云，快下雨了。（已有迹象表明）,19.They are to be married in June.他们将在六月结婚。（正式安排） 20.He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。（即将）,归纳总结 1.一般现在时一般现在时是不受时间限制的客
5、观存在，指经常发生的动作或存在的状态。具体表示：（1）表示现状、性质、状态或经常或习惯性的动作，且常与表频率的时间状语连用;(2)表示客观事实或普遍现象。 2.一般将来时的几种用法比较（1）be going to表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已经做了某种准备或表示非常可能发生。,（2）shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时想到的。（3）be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示吩咐、命令、禁止等。（4）be about to do sth.表示“即刻，就要”，后面不能接表示将来的时间状语。（5）用于条件、时间等状语从句中，
6、例如由if,unless,before,as soon as, when,once引导的状语从句,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。,（6）少数用于表示动作起止的动词。如：go,come,leave,start,arrive,begin等有时也用一般时态代替将来时态。表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作（表示车、船、飞机等按时刻表要发生的动作）。（7）少数用于表示动作起止的动词，如:go,come,begin,leave,arrive,return,take等有时也用现在进行时代替将来时。,3.现在进行时表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作，具有暂时性、持续性、未完成性的特点。具体表示：（1）表示说
7、话时刻正在发生或进行着的动作。（2）表示现在阶段正在进行的动作。 4.现在完成时现在完成时是过去的动作或状态对现在的影响或对现在造成的结果，以及表示从过去开始的动作或状态一直持续到现在。注意以下几点：（1）现在完成时除可以和for,since引起的状语连用外，还可以和下面的介词短语连用：,during/in/over the last(past)few years(months,weeks),in recent years。(2)现在完成时还可以用于下列句子结构：It is/has been+一段时间+since从句That/This/It is the only.That/This/It i
8、s the best/finest/most interesting. 5.一般过去时是与现在没有联系的时态，只强调过去的事实，不强调与现在的关系。,6.过去完成时（1）第一种类型是：过去完成时+before/by the time/when.+一般过去时。第二种类型是：Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/when+一般过去 时。第三种类型是：I had thought/expected/meant/wanted.表示过去未实现的希望或计划。第四种类型是：动作发生顺序是过去的过去。（2）表示过去未实现的希望或计划，用I had hop
9、ed/expected/supposed/meant/thought/wanted/to do sth.句型，表示我本希望/想/可能/打算/认为/想做某事。,7.过去将来时（相对于过去某个时间发生在将来的动作）过去将来时是相对一般将来时的时态，用法与其相同，但要注意时态变化。 8.现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别现在完成时表示动作截止到现在已完成，着重结果；现在完成进行时表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，也可表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作，强调动作的持续性。I have written three letters.我已写完三封信。（已写完）I have been writing thr
10、ee letters.我一直在写三封信。（可能还在写）,（二）动词的语态 熟读深思 熟读下列被动句，体会被动语态的用法；观察谓语部分，思考各种时态被动语态的构成。 1.The G8 is made up of political leaders from. 2.The Group of Eight,or G8,was formed by eight of the worlds wealthiest nations in 1998. 3.The news is being celebrated by crowds in the streets.,4.At 1245 UK time today,t
11、he name of the host city for the 2012 Olympic Games was being announced by IOC in Singapore. 5.Reforms have been demanded by people from all over the world. 6.Londons name had been announced twice before.,7.It is going to be remembered as a historical meeting this year,as the topic of Africa will be
12、 discussed in detail. 8.They want the leaders to cancel the debt of Africas poorest countries so that the problems there can be prevented from getting any worse.,归纳总结 在被动语态中，各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式见下表：,1.带有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+过去分词。 2.动词write,wash,sell,read,open,lock,shut,wear等与副词well,easily,smoothly等连用时，说明主
13、语内在的“性能、特点”，用主动代替被动。 3.be worth doing中，doing表达被动意义；require (或need,want,deserve) doing，相当于require （或need,want,deserve） to be done；be to blame意为：该受责备；“主语+be+形容词+(for sb.)+to do”结构中，to do和主语为动宾关系，表达被动意义。,试题精选 1. Mr.Smith this week？No.He is on holiday.A.Has;worked B.Does;workC.Did;work D.Is;working解析 根据
14、答句He is on holiday.说明动作处于正在进行状态,而不是完成性的、过去发生的或经常性的动作,故排除选项A、B、C,应用现在进行时。,D,2.Got your driving license？No.I too busy to have enough practice,so I didnt take the driving test last week.A.was B.amC.have been D.had been解析 问句中Got your driving license？为Have you got your driving license？的省略表达,该句对选项无影响。决定选项
15、动词时态的是答句中的so I didnt take the driving test last week分析句意可知,选项动作发生在后一动作之前,表示过去的过去,故应用过去完成时。,D,3.Youd better not call the manager between 700 and 800 this evening,for he an important meeting then.A.will have B.would haveC.will be having D.will have had解析 根据题干中的时间状语between 700 and 800 this evening可知,选项
16、动作是在将来某个时刻正在进行的,故应用将来进行时,口语中常用这种时态表示将来某时刻正在进行的或发生的动作。,C,4.How can you borrow my computer without my permission？Oh,I to tell you.I hope you dont mind.A.forget B.forgotC.had forgotten D.am forgetting解析 该句题干中没有提供任何时间状语,但从语境及句子的含义判断,选项表示在过去某个时间发生的动作,所以,首先排除选项A、D。由于题干中没有表示过去时间的对照点,故再排除选项C。,B,5.Will you p
17、lease repeat your idea？Certainly.But I think it certain that you your attention.A.dont pay B.didnt payC.werent paying D.arent paying解析 从问话人请求对方重复已讲过的内容,答话人认为对方在刚才他讲话时没有注意他所讲内容可知,该选项动作强调在过去某个时刻正在进行的动作,表示说话的当时。故应选用过去进行时。,C,6.Im sorry,but the boss isnt here yet.Shall I have her call you when she comes
18、back？ No,Ill call her back.If I call again in half an hour,do you think she ？A.arrives B.has arrivedC.will arrive D.will have arrived解析 一般将来时表示将来某一时刻将要发生的动作,而将来完成时则表示将来某个时间之前已经发生或完成的动作。根据该句语境及其句意可知,该句选项动作表示将来完成的动作。,D,7.Are we about to have dinner？Yes,it in the dinning room.A.is serving B.is being se
19、rvedC.has been serving D.serves解析 动词serve在此句中意思为“端上、摆出(饭菜)”,为及物动词。根据该句结构可知应使用被动语态,只有选项B为进行时的被动结构,其它选项均为主动形式。,B,8.Joan was badly injured in the accident yesterday and she was sent to hospital.Oh,really？I .I visit her.A.didnt know;will go toB.dont know;will go toC.didnt know;am going toD.havent known;
20、am going to解析 分析语境及讲话人意图可知,第一空强调过去的动作,并不表示现在发生的事,故应用一般过去时;第二空应选will,表示即时或临时决定将要做的事,而be going to表示按计划、安排要做的事。,A,9.Dont you feel surprised to see Linda at the meeting？Yes.I really didnt think she here.A.has been B.had beenC.would be D.would have been解析 根据上下文语境可知,选项动作已在过去发生或完成。但根据I really didnt think可以
21、判断出从句中的动作是从过去某时间看将来要发生的事,故应选过去将来时。,C,10.Why is the librarian looking so hard at me？You to read aloud in the reading room.A.dont suppose B.havent supposedC.are not supposedD.were not supposed解析 根据句子意思,应选用be supposed to“应该做，被要求做”,故排除选项A、B;分析上文情景,句中动词用现在时,强调现在的状态,所以,再排除选项D。,C,11.The wet weather will co
22、ntinue tomorrow,when a cold front to arrive.A.is expected B.is expectingC.expects D.will be expected解析 “冷锋被预计要到来”是指现在“预料”而不是明天,故用一般现在时的被动语态。,A,12.The hotel wasnt particularly good,but I in many worse hotels.A.was staying B.stayedC.would stay D.had stayed解析 由句中的worse可知该句是表达比较的含义,故本题句意应为:这家旅馆并不特别好,但是我
23、住过比它更差的旅馆。由于“The hotel wasnt particularly good”中的时态是一般过去时态,所以stay这一动作应发生在描述情况之前,故须用过去完成时态。,D,13.He football regularly for many years when he was young.A.was playing B.playedC.has played D.had played解析 由句中regularly可知是过去某个时间内经常性、习惯性的动作,故用一般过去时。,B,14.Do you think we should accept that offer？Yes,we shou
24、ld,for we such bad luck up till now,and time out.A.have had;is runningB.had;is runningC.have;has been runD.have had;has been run,解析 句意为:你认为我们应该接受那个提议(帮助)吗？是的,我们应该接受,因为迄今为止我们一直运气不好,而且时间就要用光了。因为有时间状语up till now,所以第一个空应该用现在完成时态;根据句意,时间应是“就要用光,快用光了”,所以第二个空用现在进行时态,表示时间一点一滴地在流逝。 答案 A,15.I dont believe you
25、ve already finished reading the bookI it to you this morning!A.would lend B.was lendingC.had lent D.lent解析 根据句意“我认为你还没有读完这本书我今天早晨刚把它借给你!”可知,是对过去事情的一个描述。,D,16.Have you got any job offers？No.I .A.waited B.had been waitingC.have waited D.am waiting解析 句意为:“有人给你提供工作了吗？”“没有,我正在等着。”用现在进行时态表示正在进行的动作或存在的状态。,
26、D,17.Tom,you didnt come to the party last night？I ,but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do.A.had to B.didntC.was going to D.wouldnt解析 have to不得不,be going to do sth.表示按计划或安排要做某事。根据but可知,此处应选择C项。,C,18.I have got a headache.No wonder.You in front of the computer too long.A.work B.are workingC.ha
27、ve been working D.worked解析 考查动词的时态。由“I have got a headache”可知,空处应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去开始持续至今且还会进行下去,体现过去开始的动作对现在的影响及结果。,C,19.Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday？Yes,he did.He his old friends for a long time.A.didnt see B.wouldnt seeC.hasnt seen D.hadnt seen解析 for a long time与完成时连用,且前一句中用了一般过去时,因此此处应用过去完成时态。,D,20.Have you handed in your schoolwork yet？Yes,I have.I guess it now.A.has graded B.is gradedC.is being graded D.is grading解析 由now可知应用进行时态;作业是被打分数(评阅),故应用被动语态形式。,C,返回,
