1、,九（上）语法之 状语从句,（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before, after, since, as soon as, till / until 引导的从句 1）when与while 1)Ill tell her the good news _he comes back. 2)Aunt Wang came in _ we were watching TV.,when,while,eg. 我直到完成作业才去睡觉。I _ _ to bed until I finished my homework.我一直等到他回来。I _ until he came back.,didnt,
2、go,waited,3)since:自从以来 (since从句常用一般过去时) 注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表示一种状态，用一般现在时 1)He there since he came to China.自从他来到中国就一直住在那。2)It two years since her mother died. =Her mother _ two years ago.=Her mother _ _ _ for two years.她的妈妈去世两年了。,has lived,is,died,has,been,dead,（二）条件状语从句：由if (如果)引导的从句 eg.I will go to
3、the park if it _ (not rain) tomorrow. 注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换 1）祈使句，and (then , or)+简单句 = If you , you eg.1)Use your head, then youll find a way.=_ you use your head, youll find a way2)Hurry up, _ youll be late.=If you dont hurry, youll be late.,doesnt rain,If,or,2)without与条件句的转化 eg. Man cant live without
4、 water.=Man cant live _ _ _ _ water. 注意以上两种状语从句（时间状语从句和条件状语从句）的时态,但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。,If there is,no,eg.1)Ill call you as soon as he _ (come) back.2)He wont go to bed until he _ (finish) his homework.3)Ill help you if I _ (be) free tomorrow4)I _ (live) here since I came to China.,comes,finishes,am
5、,have lived,（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for , as引导的从句 eg. He didnt go to school _ he was ill. 他没有上学是因为他生病了。 注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用 eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didnt (C) go to school (D) yesterday. （改错） _,because,B 去掉so,补充： 这四个词都是表示原因或理由的连接词，但是as，because，since是从属连
6、词，引导原因状语从句，for是并列连词，所引导的不是原因状语从句，而是表示理由的对等句子，是对前面所讲内容补充和说明。在语气上由强至弱依次为becausesinceasfor。because引导的从句多置于句末，表示直接的原因或理由，表示产生那种结果的必然的因果关系，在回答why的提问时，必须用because作答。 如：因为下雨我们呆在家里。_ =_,We stayed at home, because it rained outside.,It rained outside, so we stayed at home.,as与since引导的从句多置于句首，不过as表示十分明显的原因，只说明
7、一般的因果关系，可译为“因为、由于”；而since则表示稍加分析、对方已知的原因，一般可译为“既然”。如： _ he was not feeling well，I decided to go there alone由于他身体欠佳，我决定独自去那里。 _everyone is here，lets start既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。 for引导的从句一般放在句末，其前用逗号，它所叙述的理由是间接的，即推测性理由，或是对前面叙述的事实或看法的补充说明。如： There must be nobody in the classroom，for the light is off教室里一定没有人，因为
8、灯灭了。（推测性理由）,As,Since,（四）结果状语从句：由so that引导的从句（so后接形、副原级） eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldnt catch up with (C) him. （改错）_ 注意：1) “so that +否定句”与“too to”的替换 eg.1)He is _ young _ he cant go to school. = He is_ young _ go to school(主、从句主语相同) 2)He ran so fast that we couldnt catch up with him. = H
9、e ran too fast to catch up with. (主、从句主语不同) 3)The box is so heavy that I cant carry it = The box is too heavy to carry.(注意carry后省去宾语it),B fast,so that,too to,for us,for me,2）“so that +从句”与“enough to”的替换 eg.1)Hes so strong that he can carry the box. = Hes _ carry the box.2)The question is so easy tha
10、t I can answer it =The question is easy enough to answer,too strong to,for me,（五）让步状语从句though, although 注意： 当有though, although时，后面的从句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用 _ its raining, they are still working in the field. 虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地里干活。 He is very old, _ he still works very hard. 虽然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。 典型例题 1） _she
11、is young, she knows quite a lot. A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless,Although,but,（六）目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。e.g. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. 说清楚些，以便他们能够明白。 She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV
12、lessons. 她买了这本书是为了能够跟上电视教程。 =She has bought the book _ follow the TV lessons. =She has bought the book _ _ _ follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he would miss the train. 他离开的很早以防会误了火车。,to,in order to,（七）比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用than, so (as) as, the more the more等引导。 e.g. I have made a lot more mista
13、kes than you have. 我犯的错比你的多多了。 He knows as much as I do about computers. 关于电脑他知道的和我一样多。 The busier he is, the happier he feels. 他越忙越开心。,练 习 一、用适当的连词填空。 1. Dr. Bethune came to China _ he was fifty. 2. He began to work _ he got there. 3. Lets begin our meeting _ everyone is here. 4. I like the English
14、 people, _ I dont like their food. 5. _ you go in China, you can see smiling faces.,when,after,if,but,Wherever,6. He didnt come to the lecture, _ he was very busy. 7. _we had enough time, we walked to the cinema. 8. They will help you _ you meet with difficulty. 9. _ we came to the university, we ha
15、ve learnt quite a lot. 10.I didnt join them yesterday evening _ I had to go to an important meeting.,because,As,when/if,Since,because,11. We would try to get a car _we could all travel together more easily. 12. She wouldnt forget her mothers birthday _ she seldom wrote to her family. 13. The meeting became so disorderly（无秩序） _ the speaker had to shout the audience down. 14. He was angrier _ ever before. 15. _ you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in. 16. The boy was so tired _ he fell asleep on the bus.,so that,although,that,than,Although,that,
