1、Part Three Exploring the Field,Reading carefully,Words and Expressions,1.a gaggle of gaggle: a disorderly or noisy group of people 无秩序（或嘈杂）的人群 Other expressions:,一伙犯罪分子 一群抗议者 一群鸟 一群大象 蜂拥而至的记者 一伙赌徒,a gang of criminalsa mob of protestersa flock of birdsa herd of elephantsswarming journalistsa poker sc
2、hool,Words and Expressions,2. interact with: mix with other people; have an effect on each other Examples： He interacts very well with other children. This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.,Words and Expressions,3. ripple: cause (the surface of water) to form small wavesTran
3、slate the following sentence into Chinese,The wind rippled the surface of the cornfield.,微风吹过麦田, 泛起一片麦浪。,Words and Expressions,4. analogous: comparable in certain respects, typically in a way which makes clearer the nature of the things comparedbe analogous to /with Tranlsate the following sentences
4、 into English,该公司与主要竞爭对手的处境极为相似。 两种情況大致相似。,The company is in a position closely analogous to that of its main rival. The two situations are roughly analogous.,Words and Expressions,5. shed (or throw or cast) light on :help to explain (something) by providing further information about it. Other expre
5、ssions with “light”:,bring (or come) to light 使为人所知 go out like a light 睡着；突然昏迷 in (the) light of 考虑到，鉴于,Words and Expressions,6. update: make (something) more modern or up to date Example: Security measures are continually updated and improved. Translate following expressions,不断更新 定期更新 自动更新 全部更新 适当
6、更新,update constantly/ continually update regularly update automatically update fully update properly,Words and Expressions,7.There is a % chance (Paragraph 9): There is a possibility(%) of something happeningChances are that: It is very likely that,Words and Expressions,8. embrace: accept or support
7、 (a belief, theory, or change) willingly and enthusiastically 欣然接受 Examples: 1.fully embraces the concept of a united Europe 完全赞成欧洲一体化这个概念 2. She embraced my offer to go to the hospital.,Words and Expressions,9.receptive: willing to consider or accept new suggestions and ideasExamples: a receptive a
8、udience be receptive to new ideas,Words and Expressions,10. marginalize: treat (a person, group, or concept) as insignificant or peripheralNoun: marginalization Example: Do you believe higher education continues to exclude and marginalize female students?,Words and Expressions,11. stigmatize:(usu. be stigmatized) describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or great disapproval指责，把污蔑为 Example: He was stigmatized as an ex-convict. 他遭人污辱,说他给判过刑。,
