1、Module 6Old and NewGrammar 非限定性定语从句及定语从句的省略,Learning Aims,1. 知识目标：掌握非限定性定语从句的用法，及其与限定性定语从句的区别；掌握定语从句的省略情况。2. 技能目标：通过练习巩固概念，促使知识向能力过渡,Lead-in：比较下面两个定语从句,1. Football is a game which is very interesting._定语从句2. Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world. _定语从句,限定性,非限定性,一、N
2、on-defining attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句,Football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.非限定性定语从句往往用_(标点符号)与主句隔开，对先行词只做附加说明，它与主句的关系_(密切/不密切)，如果被去掉，_(影响/不影响)主句内容。,逗号,不密切,不影响,非限定性定语从句的引导词,关系代词： which; who; whom; whose; as关系副词： where; when;,关系代词：which,1. His new house, which li
3、es at the foot of the mountain, cost him nearly ten thousand dollars.2. This novel, which I have read twice, is very moving.,which 指_，在定语从句中作_语或 _语；,物,主,宾,关系代词：who,1. Tom, who is our gardener, says that there will be no apples this year.2. Mr. Zhang, who my father is talking to, is a famous actor.,w
4、ho指_，在定语从句中作_语或_语,人,主,宾,关系代词：whom,whom指_，在定语从句中作_语,宾,人,Her employer, whom she dislikes, says he is not satisfied with her work.,关系代词：whose,The writer, whose books are best loved, once lived in this district.2. The house, whose windows are broken, is unoccupied.,whose一般指_，也可指_，在从句中做_, 起限定作用。,人,物,定语,关
5、系代词：as,1. To write a dull book, as many poor writers could do, was unworthy of him.2. As is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health.,as指_或_，在从句中作_语、_语。,人,物,主,宾,相同点：(1)在从句中都可充当主语或宾语； (2)修饰的可以是整个主句或主句的一部分； (3)当先行词是整个主句，且as/which在定语从句中充当主语时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。不同点：(1)as引导的从句在可位于主句之前或之后，且as意为“正如” (2)whi
6、ch引导的从句要放在主句之后，且which意为“这就是”,as/which在引导非限时的异同点。,A. _ is known to all, smoking is harmful to ones health. 翻译： B. He turned out to be very successful, _ was we expected. 翻译： C. We shall have our final exams next month, _ has been announced. 翻译 D. He lives in Beijing, which _ about four hours ride fro
7、m here.,完成下列句子,As,众所周知，吸烟有害健康。,which,结果他非常成功，这正是我们所期望的。,as/which,我们下个月要进行期末考试，这正如宣布的那样。,is,误区提示,1. 关系代词在非限定性定语从句中充当宾语时不能省略。2. 关系代词that不能引导非限定性定语从句。,关系副词 : where,1. We went to Qingdao, where I ever swam in the sea.2. He has gone to America, where he will spend two years.,where在从句中作_语。,地点状,关系副词 : when
8、,1. Sunday is a holiday, when people do not go to work.2. We will put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better.,when在从句中作_语,时间状,注意：介词+which/whom可替换关系副词,A. This is the house where I lived two years ago. = This is the house _ I lived two years ago. B. Do you remember the day when
9、 you joined our club? =Do you remember the day _ you joined our club?,in which,on which,注意：介词+which/whom可替换关系副词,C. The two things _ Carl Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms. (be sure about) D. This is the pilot _ I bought a camera.,about which,For whom,小结：介词+ which/whom结构中介词一般由
10、以下几个方面决定：,根据先行词确定； 根据从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配确定； 根据从句中做表语的形容词确定； 根据全句的意思确定。,关系副词why不能引导非限定性定语从句,误区提示：,1. She is the person (who/whom) youve been expecting to meet. 2. This is Miss Li, who/whom youve been expecting to meet. 小结：非限定性定语从句用_(标点符号)与句子隔开，与主句关系_(密切/不密切)，且关系代词在从句中做宾语时_(可省/不可省)；限定性定语从句不用标点符号与句子隔开，且与主句关系
11、_(密切/不密切)，关系代词在从句中做宾语时_(可省/不可省)。,限定性与非限定性定语从句的区别,逗号,不密切,不可省,密切,可省,2. My son failed again in the exam, which made me very angry. 小结：非限定性定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是_，而限定性定语从句不行。 3. My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. This novel, which I have read twice, is very moving. 小结：当先行词是专有名词，或由_和 _修
12、饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限定性的。,整个句子,物主代词,指示代词,一、限定性定语从句中关系代词做宾语可省略。 Is that the address to which you sent the telegram? 注意：当关系代词whom/which位于介词之后时，不能省略。,二、定语从句的省略,二、将定语从句变为非谓语动词。 1. This is the best thing that we can do in memory of our beloved teacher. =This is the best thing to do in memory of our beloved tea
13、cher. ex. The farmers use wood to build a house in which they can store grain. =The farmers use wood to build a house _ grain. 小结：定语从句可转换成_短语。,to store,不定式,2. The train that leaves from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. =The train leaving from Platform 5 goes to Beijing. ex. Yesterday we had a meeting whi
14、ch lasted two hours. = Yesterday we had a meeting _ two hours. 小结：当关系代词为定语从句的主语，从句中的谓语又是主动时，可转化成 _短语，但是要注意主从句的时态保持一致。,lasting,现在分词,3. The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon. = The house damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon. 小结：当关系代词为定语从句的主语，从句中的谓语又是被动时，可转化成_ 短语，表被动或完成，其动作发生在主句谓语动词之前。,过去分词,
