1、形容词和副词,一、形容词,1、功能：在句子中充当定语、表语和补语。,eg. Beijing is the great capital of our motherland.,I have something important to tell you.,He looks very young.,We must keep our classroom clean.,2、常见形容词缀,3、复合形容词的构成,1.数词+单数名词 (+形容词): a six-foot-tall man, a five-year plan,2.形容词(数词)+名词+ed: a middle-aged woman, a thr
2、ee-legged table,3.形容词(副词)+ 分词: a good-looking man, quick-frozen food, a well-known poet,4.名词 + 分词: a man-made satellite, a man-eating people,5.形容词(序数词) + (普通)名词: a full-time job, the mid-term exam, a second-hand car,6.形容词(副词) + 形容词: dark-blue, wide-awake,7.名词+形容词: world-famous, ice-cold, life-long,
3、nation-wide,4、形容词的位置,1.位置:多个形容词修饰一个名词, 顺序一般是: 限定词数词描绘性形容词大小、长短、高低等新旧形状颜色国籍、地区、出处材料用途 + 名词 (如果性质相近，则把音节多的放在后面),This is a funny instructive story.,eg. A beautiful small old round table stood on the green China woolen hall carpet.,2.在下列情况, 定语形容词要后置:,修饰不定代词时:,当形容词后接 “介词 + 名词” 或不定式构成扩展的定语时:,eg. a basket
4、full of eggs,用and或or 连接:,Countries, big or small, should be equal.,以a字母开头的某些形容词如alive, alike, awake, asleep等。,eg. The wounded alive were taken to the hospital nearby.,He is a man easy to get on with.,与表示数量的词组连用时.,eg. There are many buildings over 20 storeys high.,something wrong,有些形容词既可作前置定语，也可作后置定语
5、，但含义不同： The present members The members present The responsible man The man responsible A story with an involved plot The problem involved,现在的成员 当时在场的成员 可依赖的人 应负责的人 情节过分复杂的故事 有关的问题,二、副词,功能：在句子中充当状语, 修饰动、形、副词, 还可作表语、定语、介词的宾语等。,eg. All the students study hard.,She is out.,The man there is waiting for
6、you.,I live far from here.,副词的位置,1.时间、地点副词放在句尾,如同时出现,先地点后时间；也可把时间放在句首.,2.表频度的副词如often, usually, always, seldom, never, 等以及almost, just, soon等常放在行为动词之前,情态动词、助动词、be之后.,eg. They went boating in the park yesterday.,Yesterday they went boating in the park.,eg. We should always work hard.,We are never lat
7、e.,He often comes late.,3.程度副词常放在adj. /adv.之前,但enough却要放在修饰词之后.(作adj.修饰n.时可前可后.),4.副词修饰名词一般放在该名词之后；某些副词(如well, right, just, soon等)修饰介词时则放在其前；修饰全句时,常放在句首.,eg. He is very careful.,You are old enough to do this.,eg. The person there is looking for you.,Theres the house, right in front of you.,Truly he
8、will go to Shanghai.,三、形容词和副词的比较及最高级：,构成：,1）一般单音节词词末加er, -est: older, oldest,2）以不发音e结尾的单音节词加r,-st: larger, largest,3）一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词,双写末尾字母,再加-er,-est: bigger, biggest,4）“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,y i , 再加-er, -est: easier, easiest,5）其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more, most,A、规则变化：,B、不规则变化：,四、形容词和副词的用法：,1、两者的比较：,eg. The sun i
9、s bigger than the earth.,B.as + 原级 + as,not as(so) + 原级 + as,（同等程度）,（不同等程度）,A.比较级 + than,（不同等程度）,2、表情况持续不断变化,比较级 + and + 比较级,eg. The weather is getting colder and colder.,Our city is becoming more and more beautiful.,the + 比较级 + of the two,3、表“(两者中)较的”,eg. The older of the two professors teaches me.
10、,4、表 “越就越”,the + 比较级（主+谓）, the + 比较级（主+谓）,eg. The harder he works, the happier he feels.,5、表一方超过另一方的程度、数量时,注1.复数名词前有more时,可用many来加强语气；不可数名词前有more时,可用much来加重语气,eg. I have many more books than you.,I have much more money than you.,注2.一般不用very和quite来修饰比较级,但I feel quite better today.除外,6、当表示“比相差几倍/几分之几/
11、百分之几时,倍数/分数/百分数 + 比较级 + than,倍数/分数/百分数 + as + 原级 + as,倍数/分数/百分数 + the size(width, length, etc.)of +,eg. This street is three times as long as that one.,The earth is forty-nine times bigger than the moon.,The old square is four fifths the size of the new one.,The population of our town is 60 percent
12、as much as that of theirs.,7、最高级的用法,eg. She plays tennis (the) best of all the girls in the class.,8、最高级可被序数词以及much, nearly, almost,by far,等词语所修饰。,eg. How much did the second most expensive hat cost?,He is by far the tallest in our class.,by far也可用于修饰比较级, 但要注意用法: He is taller by far than his brother
13、. He is by far the taller of the two brothers.,9、一些表示最高程度的形容词无最高级也无比较级,eg. excellent, extreme, perfect, favorite,10、用比较级形式来表示最高级意义 1）形容词比较级 + than + any other + 单数名词 2）形容词比较级 + than + any of the other + 复数名词 eg. Shanghai is the largest city in China. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
14、Shanghai is larger than any of the other cities in China. Shanghai is larger than any city in India. Shanghai is larger than any of the cities in India.,11、一些副词有两种形式,一个与形容词同形,一个以ly结尾,但含义不同: close closely free freely hard hardly late lately most mostly,wide widely high highly deep deeply loud loudly
15、near nearly,接近地 仔细地,密切地 免费地 自由地,无拘束地 努力地 几乎不 晚,迟 近来 极,非常 主要地,广阔地,充分地 广泛地 高 高度地,非常地 深,迟 (抽象意义)深深地 大声地 大声地(含有喧闹的意思) 邻近 几乎,12、sothat & suchthat,so + 形容词/副词 + that so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词 + that so + many/few + 复数可数名词 + that so + much/little + 不可数名词 + that such + a/an (+ 形容词) + 单数可数名词 + that such + 名词
16、+ that,(形容词) + 不可数/复数可数,be/feel sleepy,be sleeping,be asleep, fall asleep,nearly不能与never,nobody,no one, nothing, nowhere, no和none连用, 遇此情况应该用almost 或者hardly+肯定,almost no one = hardly anyone, go to bed,not fairly quite rather/pretty very 只有rather能和比较级及too连用,quite在表示身体康复时可说quite better; fairly表示 “合意的”, rather表示 “不合意的” The water is fairly hot. / The water is rather hot.,
