1、剑桥少儿英语三级不规则动词表及被动语态被动语态一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English.谓语：speak 的动作是由主语 many people 来执行的。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语 English 是动词 speak 的承受者。主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构
2、，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词 (词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。( 主动句)The door was opened.门被开了。 (被动句)动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词原形 过去式 过去分词hit hit hit send sent sentread read read learn learnt learntput put put sell sold soldcut cut cut feel felt feltsit sat sat make made madehave had h
3、ad hurt hurt hurtget got got buy bought boughtstand stood stood catch caught caughtwrite wrote written find found foundtake took taken mean meant meantsee saw seen say said saidfall fell fallen sleep slept sleptbe was/were been spell spelt speltsing sang sung think thought thoughtbegin began begun c
4、ome came comedrink drank drunk run ran runswim swam swum know knew knowngo went gone fly flew flowndo did done throw threw throwndraw drew drawn wear wore worngive gave given choose chose chosenride rode ridden set set seteat ate eaten cost cost cost二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词” 构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 b
5、e 的变化表现出来的。现以 teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisare ved 一般过去时：waswereved 一般将来时：willshall beved现在进行时：amisare beingved 现在完成时：havehas beenved歌诀是：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于 1981
6、 年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定 be 的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词 by 之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：All the people l
7、aughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are madeby them in the factory.歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be 后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带 to 的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加 be 加“过分” ，原来带 to 要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days
