1、分词意义 : 过去分词通常来自及物动词, 带有被动意义和完成意义; 而现在分词有的来自及物动词, 有的来自不及物动词 , 通常带有主动意义和未完成意义.frozen food a freezing winda bored traveller a boring journey 这个寒假干点啥？10 元体验 2012 四六级 VIP 全程班精品服务，还送名师高清视频课！a lost cause a losing battlea conquered army a conquering armya finished article the last finishing touchthe spoken
2、word a speaking birda closed shop the closing houra recorded talk a recording machine来自不及物动词的过去分词很少能单独用作前置修饰语, 能作这样用的仅限于下面几个词, 仅表示完成意义, 不表示被动意义.the risen sun, fallen leaves, faded/withered flowers, returned students, retired workers, departed friends, escaped prisoners, the vanished jewels, newly-ar
3、rived visitors用作后置修饰语的过去分词一般都带有修饰语或其他成分, 在意义上相当于关系分句.Most of the people invited to the reception were old friends.句法作用作定语 : distinguished guest 贵宾, unknown heroes 无名英雄, armed forces武装部队, canned food 罐头食品, boiled water 开水, steamed bread 馒头, stricken area 灾区分词还可构成合成词作定语: simply-furnished room 陈设简单的房间,
4、 clear-cut answer 明确的答复, highly-developed industry 高度发展的工业 , heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢, hand-made goods 手工制品, man-made satellite 人造卫星作补足语 : 可以带过去分词作宾语补足语的动词有:see, hear, feel, find, think 等表示感觉和心理状态的动词.I saw the students assembled in the hall.We found her greatly changed.make, get, have, keep 等表示”致使”意义的动
5、词:I have my hair cut every ten days.She got her bad tooth pulled out.Please keep us informed of the latest developments.like, want, wish, order 等表示希望, 要求, 命令等意义的动词:I dont want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.He wont like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting.过去分词短语常用作状语, 修饰谓语, 很
6、多都说明动作发生的背景或情况.Guided by these principles, they went on with the work,Delighted with her work, they made her the general manager.过去分词短语也可作状语表示原因, 相当于一个表示原因的状语从句.Influenced by his example, they performed countless good deeds.有时也可说明动作发生的时间, 相当于一个表示时间的状语从句.This method, tried in areas near Shanghai, res
7、ulted in a marked rise in total production.间或也可表示一个假设的情况, 相当于一个条件从句.Given closer analysis, we can see this is totally wrong.偶尔也可用来代替一个“让步”状语从句.Picked 20 years a year, it grows tired only after 40 or 50 years.独立结构 : 在用分词短语作状语时 , 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一.致. 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为独立结构, 一般表示一种伴随的动作或情况.He
8、 rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat.有时可以表示时间:Late that autumn, his work finished, he prepared to return to his institute.表示原因 :Her eyes dimmed with tears, she did not see him enter.条件 :All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.虚拟语气that 从居中 :wish, would rather (so
9、oner), had better:I wish I were as strong as you. 这个寒假干点啥？10 元体验 2012 四六级 VIP 全程班精品服务，还送名师高清视频课！I wish I had paid more attention to our pronunciation.I wish I remembered the address.I would rather they came tomorrow (you had gone there too).I had rather (that) you told him than I did.suggest, order,
10、 demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist 等动词后的宾语从句:The commander ordered that all civilians (should) be evacuated.He asked that he be given an opportunity to try.She urged that he write and accept the post.it is desired, it is suggested, it is requested, it was ordered, it was proposed, it
11、 is necessary, it is important, it has been decided 等结构后的主语从句中.It was arranged that they leave the following weekIt will be better that we meet some other time.suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面的表语从句和同位语从句:His sole requirement is (was) that thy system be adjusted.在某
12、些句型中it is time thatIt is time that we went (或 should go) to bed.It is high time we (should) put an end to this controversy.as if (though) 引起的从句:They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if it was (were) spring today.He acts (acted) as if (though) he were (was) an ex
13、pert.以 lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句(这时谓语多用 should +动词原形):He took his raincoat with him lest it should rain.He put his coat over the child for fear that (或 lest) he should catch cold.Ill keep a seat for you in case you should need it.以 whatever, whoever, no matter what 这类代词或词组引起的从句 (这时, 谓语多用 m
14、ay 加动词原形构成):Whatever defects he may have, he is an honest man.Come what may, we will go ahead. 不管发生什么情况, 我们都要干下去.I accept that he is old and frail; be that as it may, hes still a good politician.我承认他年老体衰, 然而尽管如此, 它仍是优秀的政治家.虚拟条件句主要有下面两类:表示现在及将来情况( 表示纯然假设或实现的可能性不大的情况):谓语主要形式如下(be 多用 were 这个形式): 从句 主句过
15、去式 would + 动词原形从句 主句had + 过去分词 would have + 过去分词 这个寒假干点啥？10 元体验 2012 四六级 VIP 全程班精品服务，还送名师高清视频课！If I were you, I wouldnt lose heart.How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer.表示过去情况的虚拟条件句(与事实完全相反的假设情况), 谓语主要形式如下:She would have come if we had invited her.If I hadnt taken your advice, I would
16、have made a bad mistake,You wouldnt have caught cold if you had put on more clothes.有时候 , 条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作, 发生的时间是不一致的(如一个是过去发生的, 一个是现在发生的). 这时, 动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整. 这种句子可以称为错综时间条件句.If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.If we hadnt got everything ready by now, we should be ha
17、ving a terrible time tomorrow.有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示, 而是通过一个介词短语来表示.Without music, the world would be a dull place.We could have done better under more favorable conditions.That would have been considered miraculous in the past.But for the storm, we should have arrived earlier.如果条件句从句中包含有 were, had, should 或 could, 有时可把 if 省略掉, 并把were, had, should 或 could 放在主语前面.Had we made adequate preparation, we might have succeeded.Should there be a flood, what should we do?Were it not for their assistance, we would be in serious difficulty
