1、托福语法之名词性从句,名词性从句,名词性从句 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句,名词性从句,名词可以做什么成分？ 主语，宾语，表语，同位语,两大类连接词,1. that + S + V +只起到引导作用不充当成分本身无词义省略？ 2. wh- what, who, whom, which, where, when, why, how, whether充当成分不能省略句子语序,特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句,规律：名词性从句的理解问题 wh- / how what + S + V - S V 的内容：what he said where + S + V - S V 的地点：where I s
2、tay,特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句,when + S + V - S V 的时间：when Jack left why S + V - S V 的原因why Jenny refused Forrest,特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句,how + S + V - S V的方式；S如何地Vhow students should behave how much S + V - S V的程度；S在多大程度上V；S有多么地Vhow much I love you,特殊疑问词引导的名词性从句,whether + S + V - S是否VWhether he comes to the party or not
3、is none of my business.,主语从句- that 连接词,That he survived in the earthquake is a miracle. He survived in the earthquake. X is a miracle.That Bill divorced Juliet is not surprising. Bill divorced Juliet. X is not surprising.主语从句中的that连接词不能省略！,That引导的主语从句后置,避免头重脚轻 +尾部焦点原则 1. It + be + adj. + that-从句 It
4、is natural that they should have different views. It was obvious that she did not want to come. It is strange that he knows nothing about it.,写作练习,如果一个社会想要进步，抛弃传统很必要。 It is important that important / essential / vital / crucial / significant / 进步make progress 抛弃传统reject traditions It is essential th
5、at a society should reject its traditions, if it wants to make progress.,That引导的主语从句后置,2. It + be + n. + that-从句 It is a pity that he cannot swim. Its a wonder that he is still alive. It was a disappointment to your mother that you failed the exam.,写作练习,保护和推广自己国家的历史和文化遗产是年青一代不可避免的任务。 It is an unavoi
6、dable task that 保护和推广conserve and promote 国家的历史和文化遗产national historical and cultural heritages 年青一代young generations It is an unavoidable task that the young generations conserve and promote their national historical and cultural heritages.,That引导的主语从句后置,3. It + be + v-ed + that-从句 规律：it后面跟动词的被动语态形式
7、，再接that从句 无主语，理解成“据。” It is said that there has been an earthquake in India. It is reported that the enemy troops have crossed the border. “人们”作主语，进行主动理解；或者直接砍掉，做肯定理解 It is believed that Japanese are weird. It was rumoured that he was suffering from a kidney stone. It must be pointed out that Englis
8、h is actually not difficult.,写作练习,人们普遍认为国际旅游业促进了跨文化交流。 It is widely accepted that 国际旅游业international tourism 促进promote 跨文化交流cross-cultural communication It is widely accepted that international tourism has promoted cross-cultural communication.,That引导的主语从句后置,4. It + vi. + that-从句；It + vt. + O + that
9、-从句 It happened that she was not in that day. 碰巧 It turned out that she used to be a man. 结果是 It occurred to me that perhaps she was lying. 突然想起 It struck me that we ought to make a new plan. 我忽然想起 (strike),写作练习,父母和教育家认为，电视“成功”阻碍了孩子心理的发展。 It occurs to parents and educators that a successful destroye
10、r 心理的发展mental development It occurs to parents and educators that TV has been a successful destroyer of childrens mental development.,主语从句特殊疑问词,what, who, whom, which, where, when, why, how, whether 不能用if,人们是否应该到了某一年龄就应该被强制退休是一个公众话题。 at a certain age be forced to retire 公众话题 public focusWhether peop
11、le should be forced to retire at a certain age has been a pubic focus.,找到能够处理我们越来越多垃圾的地方是许多政府都非常头疼的一件事。 处理dispose of headacheWhere we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache to many governments.,表达“越来越”的写作升级,(1) mounting + n. mounting修饰的名词 n. 为抽象、不可数名词Eg. mounting price / criticism
12、 / complaint / praise,表达“越来越”的写作升级,(2) ever + adj. 比较级：The English exam is becoming ever more difficult.,表达“越来越”的写作升级,(3) increasing 修饰可数名词：an increasing number of + 可数名词复数 修饰不可数名词：an increasing amount of +不可数名词 修饰形容词：increasingly + adj. The English exam is becoming increasingly difficult.,宾语从句,that
13、 类连接词 Experts confirmed that a puma will not attack a human being unless it is cornered. 不充当成分 只起到连接作用 可以省略,wh- 连接词 谓语动词的宾语 I wonder why he deserved his well-paid position. 介词的宾语 That will depend on where we shall go. 不定式的宾语 Armed with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see what was
14、going on.,宾语从句特殊疑问词,what, who, whom, which, where, when, why, how, whether 可以用if,说到教育，大部分人认为其是终生的学习。 When it comes to the majority of a life time studyWhen it comes to education, the majority of people believe that it is a life time study.,他们声称，通过补习，孩子可以获得很多实践技能和有用的知识。 补习extra studies 声称claim, maint
15、ain obtain, gain practical skills useful knowledge By extra studies, they maintained that their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge.,一项调查显示，许多农民工认为在城市打工不仅有较高的收入，而且能学到一些新技术。 show / demonstrate farmer laborers / rural emigrantsAn investigation shows that man
16、y rural emigrants consider that working at cities can provide them with not only a high salary but also the opportunity to learn new skills.,我想知道，这个做法是否经得起推敲。经得起推敲bear closer analysisI wonder whether / if this practice can bear closer analysis.,表语从句,that 类连接词 The truth is that he lacks the decisiven
17、ess to be a leader. What I dislike about the deal is that it is really dishonest. 不充当成分 只起到连接作用 不可以省略,表语从句wh-类连接词,what, who, whom, which, where, when, why, how, whether 不能用if,The kings concern is who will succeed to his throne. The question put forward by the consultant is what the management is to
18、do with the workers strike.,其中一个争论的问题是一个人是否应选择舒适的衣服，而不管是不是时尚。 One of the questions under debate 不管regardless ofOne of the questions under debate is whether a person should choose comfortable clothes, regardless of fashion.,被一些人忽视的是，国际旅游可能会给当地环境和历史带来灾难性的影响。 What some people fail to see 灾难性的disastrous
19、 impact What some people fail to see is that international tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment and local history.,同位语从句,很多（抽象）名词后可以跟 that 引导的从句，说明其具体内容，这样的从句就是同位语从句。 There is no doubt that he was an excellent scholar. He was conscious of the fact that she did not approve o
20、f what he was doing. We received a message that he would be absent.,同位语从句举例,We have proof that this man committed the crime. I have expressed the opinion that she can act. I had the impression that she chose her words with care.,后面经常跟同位语从句的名词,doubt, fact, message, proof, opinion, hopes, impression,
21、evidence, idea, belief, feeling, conclusion, rumour, report, possibility, guarantee, thought, assurance, news, story, order, etc.,毫无疑问，需求的增长导致了价格的上涨。There is no doubt that There is no doubt that the increase in demand leads to the rise in prices.,当今的年轻人以自我为中心、对人冷漠和不顾及他人这样的事实，在很大程度上是孩童时期父母对他们过分纵容的结果。
22、 self-centered indifference inconsiderateThe fact that young people nowadays are self-centered，indifferent and inconsiderate is largely the outcome of parental overindulgence.,没有人能否认这一重要事实：最近几年交通问题在全世界受到了普遍关注。 No one can deny the essential fact that the traffic problem over the last years has attracted wide public concern all over the world.,
