1、中学英语常用短语精解(一)(1) to get on (2) to get off (3) to put on (4) to take off (5) to call up(6) to turn on (7) to turn off (8) right away (9) to pick up (10) at once1. to get on: (to enter, board)【说明】to get on ( 搭乘，上车) 动词 get 的用法很多，常常在后面接用各种不同的介系词或副词而形成意义不同的习语。这里的 on 是介系词，后面的 bus 和 subway 用作它的受词。如果 on 作副词
2、用，则有进步，相处甚好，与年事已长的意思。【例】(1) I always get on the bus at 34th Street.我总是在 34 街搭乘公共汽车。(2) William gets on the subway at the same station every morning.威廉每天早晨在同一车站搭乘地下火车。2. to get off: (to leave, descend from)【说明】to get off (下车)与上面的 get on 相反。get off 也有好些其它的意义，如寄出，离开等。下车也可以用 alight from 或 get out of a c
3、arriage 或 motor car，不过下电车或公共汽车多用 get off 。【例】(1) Helen got off the bus at 42nd Street.海伦在 42 街下公共汽车。(2) At what station do you usually get off the subway?你通常在那一站下地下火车？3. to put on: (to place on oneself-said particularly of clothes)【说明】 to put on (穿，戴)特别指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼镜也用这个成语。英文中还有 wear 和 dress 二字也是穿的意
4、思。可是 wear 是继续的动作，表示穿着的状态，而 put on 是一时的动作。下面两个句子都是错的：I shall wear my overcoat before I go out (应用 put on). In such cold weather I put on my overcoat all day （应用 wear）. dress 后面的受词一定是人，如 dress a child, dress oneself, be dressed in white。Get up and dress quickly.（快点起来穿好衣服。)【例】(1) Mary put on her hat an
5、d left the room.玛丽戴上她的帽子就离开这屋子。(2) Why is John putting on his hat and coat?约翰为什么穿衣戴帽呢？4. to take off: (to remove-said also of clothes)【说明】to take off ( 脱去)与 put on 的意义相反，指脱去衣物鞋帽.民可以用 put off，但较不通用。 【例】(1) John took off his hat as he entered the room.约翰在这屋时脱下他的帽子。(2) Is Helen taking off her coat beca
6、use it is too warm in the room?海伦是不是因为室内太暖和而脱去她的外衣呢？5. to call up: (to telephone)【说明】to call up (打电话给 )后面一定要有受词，也就是接电话的人。如果受词是代名词的话，常插在 call 与 up 之间。【例】 (1) I forgot to call up Mr. Jones yesterday although I promised to call him up exactly at three oclock.我昨天忘记打电话给钟斯先生，虽然我答应了在三点钟的时候打电话给他的。(2) Did an
7、yone call me up while I was out?我出去的时候有人打电话来找我吗？6. to turn on: (to start, begin)【说明】to turn on (扭开，打开)指扭开电灯，电炉，电扇，煤气等的按钮或开关，以及自来水的水龙头等而言。开电灯也可以用 put on the light.【例】(1) Please turn on the light. This room is dark.请你扭开电灯，这房间太黑暗了。(2) Someone turned on the radiator in this room while we were out.我们外出时，
8、有人把房内的电炉扭开了。7. to turn off: (to stop, terminate extinguish)【说明】to turn off （关闭，停止）指扭熄电灯，关闭无线电、自来水等。关灯也可以用 put out the light.【例】(1) Please turn off the light. We do not need it now.请把电灯关了，我们现在不需要它。(2) Shall I turn off the radio or are you still listening to it?我可以把收音机关掉吗，你是不是还要收听呢？8. right away: (imm
9、ediately, at once, very soon)【说明】right away（立刻，马上）为美国口头语，没有 immediately 与 at once 正式，系一副词短语，与 right now (exactly now)的意思相仿。【例】(1) She says that dinner will be ready right away.她说晚餐马上就准备好了。(2) Can William come to my office right away?威廉能够立刻就到我的办公室来吗？9. to pick up: (to take-especially with fingers)【说明
10、】to pick up （拾起，拣起）尤指用手指把东西拿起业而言。To pick up 还有很多 其它的用法。如 让人搭便车：The motorist picked up a couple of servicemen along the highway .（这个乘汽车的人在公路上让两个军人搭乘便车。） 听会，自然学会，（言语，游戏等）：He never studied French; what he knows he picked up while living in France. （他从来没有学过法文；他所知道的是他住在法国的时候听会的。） 捉住，逮捕，萍水相逢便行订交，选出：I pick
11、ed up London last night. (昨晚我在无线电听到了伦敦的播音。)【例】(1) John Picked up the newspaper which was on his desk.约翰把书桌上的报纸拿了起来。(2) Why didnt you pick up that pencil which lay on the floor?你为什么不把地板上的那枝铅笔拾起来呢？10. at once: (immediately, very soon, right away)【说明】at once （立刻，马上）为一级通用的副词短语，也可以作为同时(simultaneously) 解，
12、如：This book is at once interesting and instructive.（此书既有趣又有益。）【例】(1) He asked me to come to his office at once.他请我立刻就到他的办公室去。(2) I want you to send this telegram at once.我希望你马上把这电报发出去。中学英语常用短语精解(二)(1) to wait for (2) at last (3)as usual (4) to find out (5) to look at (6)to look for(7) all right (8)
13、right here (9) little by little (10) tired out (11) to call on(12) Never mind1. to wait for: (to expect, await)【说明】to wait for （等候，期待）可以说等于 await, wait 通常都作不及物动词用，如果后面有受词，切不可少用介系词 for await 为及物动词，后面不可用介系词，但是没有 wait 普遍。wait 也可用作及物动词，如： wait ones chance 或 opportunity（等机会）； Dont wait dinner for me.（晚饭不
14、要等我） 【例】 (1) We will wait for you on the corner of Broadway and 86h Street.我们将在百老汇及 86 街转角处等你 (2) We waited for him for more than an hour and finally left.我们等了他一个多小时，然后才离开。2. at last: (finally)【说明】at last（最后，终于）为一副词片语，与 at first 意义相反。也可以用 at long last, 可是语气较强，而且有点英国味道。【例】(1) We waited and waited and
15、 at last John arrived.我们等了又等，后来约翰终于来了。(2) Has he finished that work at last?他最后把那工作做完了吗？3. as usual: (as always, customarily)【说明】as usual（照常，照例，仍然）作副词用，其意为 as is (was ) usual 和往常一般。usual 是形容词，不可用 usually。【例】(1) Henry is late for class again as usual.亨利像平常一样上课又迟到了。(2) As usual Helen won first prize i
16、n the swimming contest.海伦在游泳比赛中仍然获胜。4. to find out: (to get information, discover, learn)【说明】to find out（得悉，发现，查明）与 find 略有不同，find out 指故意去寻而寻出。 【例】(1) I was unable to find out the name of the man who called.我想不出那个打电话来的人的名字。(2) Will you please try to find out for me what time that train arrives?能否请你
17、替我查明火车什么时候到达？5. to look at: (do direct the eyes toward, watch)【说明】to look at ( 眼睛望着，注视)亦可解释为考虑，调查（ consider, investigate），如：The judge said that he would look at the matter of the widows right to the property. （法官说他将考虑寡妇对这财产的权利。）look 一般都用作不及物动作，与许多不同的介系词结合而形成各种意义不同的片误。Look at 与 see 并不相同，see 的意思是看到，往往
18、是无意的，上面两句里的 look at 都不可改用 see。【例】(1) The teacher told us to look at the blackboard and not at our books.教师教我们注视黑板，不要看着我们的课本。(2) I like to walk in the park and look at the stars at night.晚上我喜欢在公园里散步，仰望着天上的群星。6. to look for: (to search for, seek)【说明】to look for （寻觅，搜寻）也有期望，盼望的意思，如 I dont look for much
19、 profit from the business.（我并不期望从生意中得到优厚的利益。）【例】(1) He has spent an hour looking for the pen which he lost.他已经花了一个钟头去寻找他失去的钢笔了。(2) I have lost my gloves. Will you help me look for them?我的手套丢了，请你帮我找找好吗？7. all right: (satisfactory, correct)【说明：】all right（满意，可以，没关系）用作形容词，和美国人的意思相仿，为日常口头语。有很多的英美人用 all r
20、ight, 可是也有许多人认为不该用它。【例】(1) He said that it would be all right to wait in this office for him.他说在这办公室里等他就好了。(2) Will it be all right with you if I give you that money tomorrow instead of today?如果我把今天应该给你的那笔钱明天给你，可以吗？8. right here, right there, right now, etc: (exactly here, exactly there, etc.)【说明】ri
21、ght here（就在这儿），right there（就在那儿），right now（现在立刻）为日常口头语，right 是副词，它的意思是 exactly precisely, just,immediately，把 here, there, now 等的范围缩小了。还有 right away 与 right off 都是立刻，马上的意思。【例】(1) He said that he would meet us right here on this corner.他说他将在这转角处跟我们碰面。(2) Right then I saw very clearly that he was not t
22、elling the truth.那时我就看得很清楚，他没有说实话。(3) Lets do it right now.让我们现在就做这件事吧！9. little by little: (gradually, by degrees, slowly)【说明】little by little（逐渐，慢慢地）为副词短语，指每次都是一点，因而有逐渐，慢慢地的意思。【例】(1) If you study regularly each day, little by little your vocabulary of English words will increase.如果你每天有规律地学习，你的英文字汇
23、将逐渐增加。(2) His health seems to be improving little by little.他的健康似乎慢慢地好转了。10. tired out: (extremely tired)【说明】tired out（非常疲倦）为形容词短语，tired 是由过去分词转成的形容词，表示由于精力被消耗得很多，因而觉得疲倦。out 是副词作 thoroughly, completely, entirely 解，用以形容 tired。【例】(1) I have worked very hard today and am tired out.我今天很辛苦地工作，所以累极了。(2) H
24、e was tired out after his long trip to California.至加利福尼亚州长途旅行归来后，他觉得非常疲倦。11. to call on: (to visit)【说明】to call on （拜望，访问）意思是过访，小竭。on 也可 upon 后面的受词一定是人，如果访问某一个地方，则用 call at。 call on 还有好些别的意思，如He called on all his friends to help him. 这儿的 call on 应解释为要求，求助于。【例】(1) Last night several friends called on
25、us.昨晚有几个朋友来看我们。(2) How many salesmen call on Mr. Evans every day?每天有多少推销员拜访伊文思先生呢？12. Never mind: (do not mind, do not pay any attention to it.)【说明】never mind（不要紧，不必介意）为礼貌用语。mind 作动词用作介意解。【例】(1) “Never mind!” she said when I offered to open the window for her.当我提出要为她打开窗子时，她说，不要紧！(2) when William wis
26、hed to return the money which he owed you why did you say: “Never mind! What until next week when you receive your salary.”当威廉要还他所欠你的借款时，你为什么说：“不要紧！等到下星期你领到薪水再还好了” 。中学英语常用短 语精解(三)(1) to pick out (2) to take ones time (3) to talk over (4) to lie down (5) to stand up (6) to sit down (7) all day long (
27、8) by oneself (9) on purpose (10) to get along (11) to make no difference (12) to take out1. to pick out: (to choose, select) 【说明】to pick out（挑选，拣选）多指购物时的挑选而言。out 用作副词，形容及物动词 pick。【例】(1) I want to pick out some new ties to give as Christmas presents to my friends.我要选些新领带，送给我的朋友们作为圣诞礼物。(2) which book
28、 did you pick out to send to Helen?你挑选了那一本书给海伦呢？2. to take ones time: (to work or go leisurely, not to hurry)【说明】to take ones time （从容不迫，慢慢来）指有足够的时间，尽可慢慢的去做，time 的后面可以跟现在分词，如例一中的 doing，作为主词补语；也可以跟 in，接着用一名词或动名词作为 in 的受词如例二。【例】(1) There is no hurry. You can take your time doing that work.不要忙，你可以慢慢地去做
29、那个工作。(2) william never works rapidly. He always takes his time in everything that he does.威廉做事从来不匆忙，他总是从从容容地做每一件事。3. to talk over: (to discuss. Consider)【说明】to talk over（讲座，商量）指讲座、会商尚未实施的计划或问题，或以商谈说服，使别人赞成自己的计划。后面的受词如果是名词，应放在 over 之后，如果是代名词，则放在 over 之前，如 My husband talked me over.（我的丈夫说服了我。）【例】(1) W
30、e talked over Mr. Reeses plan but could not come to a decision.我们讨论过李斯先生的计划，可是尚未获得结论。(2) With whom did you talk over your plan to buy a new car?你跟谁讨论你买新车的计划呢？4. to lie down: (to recline, take a lying position)【说明】to lie down（躺下，横卧）指躺在床上或睡椅上休息而言。lie 是不及物动词，down 是副词。【例】(1) If you are tired, why dont y
31、ou lie down for an hour or so?如果你累了，你为什么不躺下来休息一小时呢？(2) The doctor says that Grace must lie down and rest for an hour every afternoon.医生说葛丽斯每天下午必须躺下来休息一小时。5. to stand up: (to rise, take an upright or standing position after being seated)【说明】to stand up（起立）指从坐下的姿势转取直立或站着的姿势而言。【例】(1) When the President
32、 entered, everyone in the room stood up.总统进来时，室内每个人起立。(2) When the “Star - Spangled Banner” is played, everyone must stand up and remove his hat.当奏美国国歌时，大家都应该起立并且脱帽。6. to sit down: (to take a sitting position after standing)【说明：】to sit down（坐下）指从站着的姿势转取坐下的姿势而言。主人请客人坐下可以说 “Sit down” 或 “have a seat,”
33、或 “Take a seat,” 或 “Be seated.”【例】(1) After standing for so long, it was a pleasure to sit down and rest.站得太久了，坐下来休息真是愉快。(2) We sat down on the park bench and watched the people as they passed.我们坐在公园的长凳上，留心观察着来往的行人。7. all day long: (the entire day, continuously through the day)【说明】all day long（整天，全日
34、）为副词短语，也可以用 all the day long. 指做某一件事，在一天中不会间断。【例】(1) I have been working on this problem all day long.我研究这问题已经有一整天了。(2) She shopped all day long looking for a new dress.她为了选购一件新衣服，逛了一整天的商店。8. by oneself: (alone)【说明】by oneself（独自，独立）为副词短语，oneself 包括 myself, yourself, himself 等，为反身代名词。【例】(1) John did
35、the work by himself. No one helped him.约翰独自做这工作，没有人帮他忙。(2) She likes to walk by herself through the park.她喜欢一个人在公园里散步。9. on purpose: (purposely, intentionally)【说明】on purpose（故意，蓄意，预谋）与 of set purpose 同意，通常放在句子的后面。【例】(1) It was no accident. She broke the dish on purpose.这不并是意外的事，她是故意把碟子打破的。(2) Do you
36、 think he made that mistake on purpose?他认为他是故意弄错的吗？10. to get along: (to do, succeed, make progress)【说明】to get along （进行，成功，有进展）指在某一种工作或学问上有进步与发展而言，后面用 in。此外这个片语也有和好相处的意思，如 He and she cannot get along with each other.（他和她两人处不来），后面用 with。【例】(1) John is getting along very well in his study of English.
37、约翰学习英语很有进步。(2) How is Mr. Holmes getting along in his new job?贺尔姆斯先生的新工作做得怎样？11. to make no difference : (to be of equal importance)【说明】to make no difference（没有区别，没有关系）于两种不同的情形或事物，某人认为没有区别，无足轻重。用此成语时常以虚字 it 为其主词，如上述二例句，后面用 whether 介绍的名词子句则为真正主词。至于二句中 to me 与 to you 的 to 亦可改用 with。【例】 (1) When I aske
38、d him whether he wanted to go in the morning or in the afternoon, he said: “ It doesnt make any difference to me.”当我问他要早晨去还是下午去的时候，他说“这对我没有什么关系” 。(2) does it make any difference to you whether we have our lesson at two oclock or at three oclock?我们在两点钟上课或者在三点钟上课，你觉得没有关系吗？12. to take out: (to remove,
39、extract)【说明】to take out（取出，拔出）中的 out 是副词，如果 take 的受词是名词，多半放在 out 的后面，如果受词是代名词则放在 take 与 out 之间。【例】(1) William took out his handkerchief and wiped his forehead.威廉取出手帕擦擦他的前额。(2) The thief suddenly took out a knife and attacked the policeman.这个贼突然拔出一把小刀向警察袭击中学英语常用短语精解(四)(1) to take part (2) at all (3)
40、to look up (4) to wait on (upon) (5) at least (6) so far1. to take part: (participate)【说明】to take part （参加，参与）指参加宴会，会议，聚会等而言，后面一定要用 in。如果用 with，则作袒护支持解，如 He took part with me. （他加入我这一边支持我。）【例】(1) Henry was sick and could not take part in the meeting last night.亨利病了，昨晚他不能够参加会议。(2) I did not want to t
41、ake part in their argument.我不要参加他们的辩论。2. at all: (in any degree, in the least-generally used only in a negative sense)【说明】at all（丝毫，极少）为副词片语，多用于否定句以加强语气。也可以用在疑问句中作究竟解，如 Do you know at all?（你究竟知不知道？）用在 if 的后面作既然解，如 If you do it at all, do it well. （既做，就好好地做。）【例】(1) He said that he did not have any mo
42、ney at all.他说他一点钱都没有。(2) When I asked her whether she was tired, she said, “ Not all at!”当我问她是否疲倦时，她说，“一点也不！”3. to look up: (to search for-especially in a dictionary or catalogue where one must turn over pages) 【说明】to look up（查出，查找）尤指从字典或目录中翻查所要找的单字或号码条文等。to look up 作为不及物动词用时，其意义为抬头或仰望，如 She looked
43、up from her writing（她不写字了，抬起头来仰望着。）【例】(1) Every student should look up all new words in his dictionary each day.每个学生应该每天从字典上查阅所有的生字。(2) Ellen said that she did not know Roberts number but that she would look it up in the telephone book.艾伦说她不知道罗勃的电话号码，但是她呆以从电话簿上查出来。4. to wait on (upon): (to serve, at
44、tend to - in a store or shop)【说明】to wait on（侍候，招待）指在商店中店员招待顾客，或指在家中仆人侍候主人，在饭店中堂倌侍候客人而言。on 可以改用 upon。【例】(1) A very pleasant young woman waited on me in Macys yesterday.昨天一位很可爱的年轻女店员在麦茜公司里招待我。(2) The clerk asked, “Have you been waited on yet, Sir?”店员问，“先生，有人侍候过你吗？”5. at least: (in the minimum)【说明】at l
45、east（至少）也可以用 at the least, 为副词短语。【例】(1) Every student should spend at least two hours on his homework every night.每个学生每晚至少应费两小时做他的家庭作业。(2) Helen has been sick in bed for at least two months.海伦至少已经卧病两个月了。6. so far: (up to the present time)【说明】so far（到现在为止，到目前为止）作副词用，与 up to now 的意思相同。动词应用现在完成式。【例】(1)
46、 So far John has been the best student in our English class.到现在为止，约翰一直是我们英文班上最优秀的学生。(2) How many idioms have we studied in this book so far?到现在为止，我们在这本书里学了多少短语呢？中学英语常用短语精解(五)(1) to shake hands (2) to look out (3) to think of (4) to get back (5) to catch cold (6) to make up ones mind (7) to change on
47、es mind (8) for the time being(9) to get over (10) to call off (11) for good (12) in a hurry1. to shake hands: (to exchange greetings with a clasp of the hand)【说明】to shake hands（握手）是西洋人见面时的礼节。shake 原意为摇动，因为握手时须将手上下摇动。注意这里的 hand 要用复数。如果在 hand 之前加上 my, his, her 等字时，则 hand 用单数。他跟我握手有两种说法： He shook hand
48、s with me. He shook my hand.【例】(1) I introduced them and they shook hands.我替他们介绍后，他们握握手。(2) When two women meet for the first time, they do not usually shake hands.两个女人初次见面时，通常她们是不握手的。2. to look out: (to be careful)【说明】to look out（注意，留心）用于唤起别人注意，以提防危险。也可以作为留神以待解，如 Will you go to the station and look
49、 out for Mr. Smith?（你可以到车站去等史密斯先生吗？）【例】(1) “Look out!” John cried as his friend almost stepped in front of the approaching car.约翰在他的朋友几乎要碰到一部驶来的汽车时大叫，“当心” ！(2) Why did the drive tell Mary to look out as she was getting off the bus?为什么当玛丽下公共汽车时司机要叫她小心呢？3. to think of: (to have an opinion about)【说明】to think of（作 看法，认为）用以征询别人的意见。如 What do you think of Hemingway?（你觉得海明威怎么样？）如表示意见则在 think 之后放 much, highly, well 等，作看重或重视解。至于 think little (nothing) of 则作轻视或对满不在乎解，如 He thought nothing of 30 miles a day. (他对每天三十里满不在乎。)【例】 (1) What did you think of that movie which you
