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4、se Translations SaLuSa to Me Bulgarian Translations SaLuSa to Me Chinese Translations SaLuSa to Me Italian Translations My Poems Past Lives Reminescences Nuclear Powers Global FalloutMarch 30, 2011by Laura Tyco1. News Staff MapDownload PDF of mapThe crisis at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plan
5、t, like the accidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl, is prompting countries around the world to reassess the safety of their plants and their nuclear aspirations. The map on this page provides a snapshot of the number of nuclear reactors in operation (dark blue) and under construction (green),
6、locations of power plants in relation to seismic hazard zones, and reactions to events in Japan in some countries Download PDF of map. The following pages examine what we have learned about radiation risks from previous exposures (p. 1504), improvements in safety since the boiling water designs at F
7、ukushima (p. 1506), what to do with the wrecked reactors (p. 1507), and damage to research facilities from the earthquake (p.1509).United StatesThe United States is the worlds largest producer of nuclear power, but no new reactor has been built there for 3 decades. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission
8、has ordered a safety review of the 104 existing U.S. plants, some of which are in seismically active areas. The Obama Administration has proposed expanding nuclear capacity largely by stimulating new construction with loan guarantees; opposition to that plan is likely to strengthen.BrazilMines and E
9、nergy Minister Edison Lobo said Brazils federal government will review security at the countrys twin nuclear reactors at Angra and halt construction of a third, due to go on line in 2015, until the review is completed. The Fukushima crisis has renewed calls to create an independent regulatory agency
10、 for nuclear power in Brazil.ArgentinaEvents in Japan have reopened debate over Argentinas aging reactors. Its oldest plant dates to 1974, and another has been under construction since 1981 but is not yet complete. Critics call it a “Model T.”United KingdomThe government has asked its chief nuclear
11、inspector to compile a report on the implications of the Fukushima accident for Britains current and future nuclear plants. Energy and climate change secretary Chris Huhne said: “We should not rush to judgment. It is important that we have the full facts at our disposal.” Current policy is for futur
12、e reactors to be built with private funds.FranceThe French government has promised a safety audit of the countrys 58 nuclear reactors. But the government has made clear that nuclear energy will remain the cornerstone of Frances 40-year-old policy of energy independence and has rejected calls for a r
13、eferendum on atomic energy. France generates over 75% of its electricity with nuclear power, more than any other country in the world.GermanyChancellor Angela Merkel suspended for 3 months a newly enacted law that postponed Germanys planned phase out of nuclear power. Several older reactors, which g
14、ot a reprieve under the law, are now being shut down, and some are unlikely to come back on line. During the 3-month moratorium, the government will reassess the safety of all 17 reactors and is expected to propose amendments to the new law in accordance with the findings.IndiaPrime Minister Manmoha
15、n Singh ordered a safety review of Indias 20 operating nuclear reactors. In an interview with Science, Srikumar Banerjee, chair of Indias Atomic Energy Commission, said no shutdowns are planned. India has five plants under construction and aims to produce 25% of its electricity from nuclear power by
16、 2050.BelgiumThe Belgian government decided in 2003 to phase out the countrys seven nuclear reactors, which produce half of Belgiums electricity. But the first phase, shutting the three oldest reactors by 2015, was recently pushed back 10 years. Environmental groups hope the Fukushima disaster will
17、swing the pendulum back in their direction.ChinaPremier Wen Jiabao announced a temporary halt to assessment and approval of nuclear power projects that are in the planning stage. The government will conduct a comprehensive review of all nuclear facilities, draw up nuclear safety regulations, and adj
18、ust its 15-year nuclear power-development plan. China has the worlds most ambitious nuclear power program, with 13 reactors in commercial operation, 27 under construction, and as many as 50 more in the pipeline. The temporary halt applies only to projects yet to be approved; Chinas growing reliance
19、on nuclear power is expected to continue.SwitzerlandSwitzerland generates 40% of its electricity with its five nuclear reactors. Last week, the government suspended feasibility studies for three potential reactors, and politicians across the political spectrum have spoken in favor of a nuclear power
20、 phaseout, though most have been vague about a timeline.ItalyA 1987 referendum, influenced by the Chernobyl disaster, led to Italy shutting down its four nuclear power plants between 1987 and 1990. Silvio Berlusconis government has supported plans to build at least four new reactors, starting in 201
21、3. A referendum this spring could block those plans.RussiaPrime Minister Vladimir Putin ordered safety checks at Russias nuclear power plants and a review of the countrys nuclear plans. Russia has 32 operating reactors and another 11 under construction.South KoreaSouth Korean President Lee Myung-bak
22、 ordered safety reviews of the countrys nuclear reactors as well as procedures for handling emergencies. The countrys 21st nuclear reactor started commercial power production at the end of February, another five reactors are under construction, and further expansion is planned. Knowledge Economy Minister Choi Joong-kyung said now is not the time to review the countrys nuclear power policy.
