1、动词 ing 的用法归纳 2010-12-23 20:58:19| 分类： 英语学习 |字号大中小 订阅1. -ing 形式概述-ing 形式的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成。 ing 形式 的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表：主动形式被动形式 一般式doing-与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本同时发生。being done-与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，一般做状语置于句首，也可做后置定语及补足语。完成式having done-与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生，只能在句中
2、做状语。having been done-与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，先于谓语动词发生，只能在句中做状语。2-ing 形式的句法功能-ing 做状语 -ing 分词在句子中做状语，表示谓语动词所发生的时间、原因、条件、让步、方式、伴随、目的、程度和结果。如：a. 作时间状语Having cleaned the house, she went on to help her mother pick apples. 把房子打扫后，她又继续帮助母亲摘苹果。Having had his breakfast, he began to look for work again. 吃过早餐后，他又开始去寻找
3、工作。Seeing those pictures,she remember her childhood.b. 作原因状语Not knowing English, they found it very difficult to communicate with the people in America. 由于不懂 英语，他发现在美国跟人们交流很困难。Getting up late, he missed his early train. 由于起床晚了，他没有赶上早班火车。c. 作条件状语Living in a polluted environment, people may fall ill e
4、asily. 如果生活在受污染的环境中，人们很容易生病。Loving others, you will be loved by others. 如果你爱他人，你就会得到他人的爱。Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看，就会发现这座城市很美。Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去，这座城市看起来很美。d. 作让步状语Being at school or at home, she
5、 is a good girl. 不管是在学校还是在家，她都是个好姑娘。Talking or acting, he is very honest. 无论是说话还是做事，他都很诚实。Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistakes.e. 作方式状语He went there riding his bike. 他骑单车去那里。They make money selling fruits. 他们靠卖水果挣钱。g. 作伴随状语He used to sit there thinking. 过去他常坐在那里思考。He walk
6、ed along the river singing in a low voice. 他一边沿着河边走一边低声唱着歌儿。h. 作结果状语He cut down the trees in front of his house, having its roof blown off by strong wind. 他把房前的树给砍了，结果大风把房顶刮走了。He died, leaving his wife and children nothing but great debt. 他死了，留给妻子和孩子的只有巨大的债负。-ing 的做状语的一些特殊用法有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独
7、立成份。常见的有：Generally speaking, 一般来说Frankly speaking 坦白地说Judging from. 根据。 。 。 。来判断Considering. 考虑到。 。 。分词做状语时，前面还可出现 when while if before 等连词。如:When using the computer, you must remember the password.If seen under a microscope ,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.分词还可用于独立主格结构中，表示原因，条件，伴
8、随等。All the money having been spent, we started looking for work.Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed.作主语-ing 形式短语放在句子的前面做主语，但当-ing 分词短语较长时，为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，而将真正的主语放到句子的末尾。如：Reading makes a man perfect. 阅读使人完美。Crying over spilt milk is no use. It is no use crying over spilt milk
9、. 牛奶倒了，哭也无益。-ing 形式做真正的主语时常用于句型：It is no use doing/ It is no good doing / It is useless doing/ It is worthwhile doing如：It is no good reading in the sun. 在阳光下看书是不好的。It is useless remembering words only. 只记单词是没有用的。(2) 作宾语-ing 形式既可做某些动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。a. -ing 形式并不是做所有及物动词的宾语，而是只能做某些及物动词的宾语，如：admit, advise
10、, allow, avoid, consider, delay, dislike, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, fancy, forbid, imagine, mind, miss, keep, pardon, permit, postpone, practice, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, stop 及下列短语动词的宾语： carry on, cant help, feel like, give up, keep on, put off, set about, object to, insist on, prevent
11、from, pay attention to, stick to, refer to, get down to, look forwards to, devoteto, be / get used to, lead to。如I dislike playing cards. 我不喜欢打牌。He enjoys reading stories. 她喜欢读故事。He got down to working as soon as he got to the office. 他一进入办公室就开始工作。b. 下列动词或形容词: want, require, need, deserve, worth 带-in
12、g 分词作宾语时，主动形式表被动意义。如：The book is worth reading. 这本书值得读。The house requires repairing at once. 这座房子需要马上维修。c. 介词除 besides, but, except 接不定式外，一般都须接-ing 分词作宾语。如：You must finish your work before going to the concert. 你必须在去听音乐演唱会之前必须把工作完成。On seeing her mother, the little girl began to cry out. 这个小女孩一看见她的母亲
13、就大哭了起来。(3) 作表语-ing 形式作表语时，有两种情况，一方面，当-ing 分词具有名词性质时，-ing 分词短语说明主语的内容；另一方面，当-ing 形式 具有形容词性质时，-ing 分词说明主语的性质或特征。如：His job is teaching English. 他的工作是教英语。(说明工作的内容) His job is interesting. 他的工作很有趣。 (说明工作的特征) 注意：当-ing 形式的动作是主语所发出的时，句子不是系表结构，而是动词现在进行时。如：He is teaching Japanese at that school. 他在那所学校教日语。 (现
14、在进行时) (4) 作宾语的补足语下列动词可接-ing 分词作宾语的补足语。a. 感、知觉动词：feel, hear, look at, listen to, notice, observe, sense, see, watch 可接-ing 分词作宾语的补足语。如：I heard her singing in the next door? 当时我听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？I watched them playing volleyball on the playing ground. 我观看他们在操场上打排球。b. 动词 find, get, have, keep, leave, send，sugg
15、est 可接-ing 分词作宾语的补足语。如：I found the missing boy playing by the river. 我发现那个失踪的男孩在河边玩。Dont have your guest standing there and ask him to sit down. 不要让客人站在那里, 请他入坐。 5) 作定语 -ing 形式作定语时，分两种情况。a. 单个的动词ing 形式作定语时，它总是位于被修饰的名词之前，说明被修饰名词的目的、用途或特征。如：China is a developing country. 中国是一个发展中国家。Would you please gi
16、ve me some writing paper? 请给一些书写纸好吗？b. -ing 形式接名词、代词或副词构成的短语作定语时，总是位于所修饰的名词之后，说明名词所处的状态或进行的动作。如：The boy studying in the classroom is Li Lei. 在教室里学习的那个男孩是李蕾。Dont trouble the dog sleeping over there. 不要惹事生非。The houses being built are for the teachers.(6) 作同位语-ing 形式作同位语时，位于同位的名词之后，且跟前面的名词用逗号隔开，表示前面名词的内容。如：His idea, helping farmers get in their crops, interested us very much. 他那帮助农民收割庄稼的想法使我们很感兴趣。The goal, making two thousand cars this mouth, excites the workers. 本月生产两千辆小汽车的目标使工人们很兴奋。
