1、Bronchiolitis 毛细支气管炎Bronchiolitis is one of the most common diseases of infancy and is one of the most common reasons for hospital admission. 毛细支气管炎是婴儿期最常见疾病之一，也是住院最常见原因之一。It is a viral illness and the most common cause is the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV). 它是一种病毒疾病，最常见的原因是呼吸道合胞病毒。It typically o
2、ccurs during the first three years of life and is most common in the first six months of life. 它通常发生在生命的头3 年，在生命的头 6 个月最常见。Because the airways of older children are larger, they do not develop the characteristic wheezing with similar infections. 因为年龄较大的儿童呼吸道较大，受到类似的感染，他们不会出现特有的哮鸣音。Because the wheezi
3、ng sounds so much like asthma, it is often confused with this. 因为喘鸣音听起来很像哮喘，所以经常与此相混淆。A family history of asthma may indicate this as a cause instead. 拥有哮喘家族史的人可能会把喘鸣音误认为哮喘。Probably all bronchiolitis is caused by a virus. 可能所有的毛细支气管炎都是由一种病毒引起的。Bacteria are not known to be a cause. 细菌是否是病因之一，还尚不清楚。In
4、fants exposed to smoking are more likely to develop this illness. 暴露于吸烟的婴儿更有可能患该病。Smoking should not be allowed at home if you have a child with breathing problems. 如果你的孩子有呼吸问题，就不允许在家中吸烟。Infants are often the most sick in the first two to three days and may have associated irritability, vomiting, di
5、arrhea and be difficult to feed. 在发病的头 2-3 天，婴儿通常最为虚弱。还可能出现相关的烦躁、呕吐、腹泻以及喂养困难。The childs condition can change rapidly. 孩子的病情变化很快。Carefully monitor your childs condition and do not delay seeking medical care for any problems. 小心监控你孩子的病情，出现任何问题，不要拖延立刻寻求医疗护理。Your infant may have to be hospitalized if re
6、spiratory distress develops; however medications which kill germs (antibiotics) will not help and the most useful treatment in a hospital will be a mist tent of cool, humidified oxygen. 如果你的孩子出现呼吸窘迫，可能不得不入院治疗。不过能够杀死病菌的药物（抗生素）将不会有用。在医院最有效的治疗就是使用喷雾帐篷，它能够喷射清凉、加湿氧气。A cool mist vaporizer may be useful in
7、 the home. 在家中，一个清凉的喷雾器也许会有用。Go to the emergency department immediately should your infant become worse or have any difficulty breathing. 如果你的婴儿情况恶化或者出现呼吸困难，立即前往急诊室。Do not smoke in your home or around your infant. 不要在家中或者婴儿周围抽烟。The childs oral temperature may range from below normal up to 102 F (38.
8、9 C); or 103 F (39.4 C) rectally or as your caregiver suggests. 儿童的口腔温度范围可能从低于正常温度一直到 102 华氏度（38.9 摄氏度） ；或者直肠温度 103 华氏度（39.4 摄氏度） ，或者听从专业居家服务工作者建议。Only take over-the-counter or prescription medicines for pain, discomfort, or fever as directed by your caregiver. 仅在你专业居家服务工作者指导下，服用非处方和处方药来治疗疼痛、不适或者发烧。
9、Seek immediate medical care if: 立即需求医疗护理，如果：Your child is having more difficulty breathing. 你的孩子呼吸愈加困难。You notice grunting noises with your childs breathing. 你注意到孩子呼吸时伴有喟叹音。Retractions when breathing are getting worse. 当呼吸情况恶化时，出现三凹征。Retractions are when you can see the ribs when your child is tryin
10、g to breathe. 三凹征指的是，当你孩子试着努力呼吸时，你可以看到肋骨。You notice nasal flaring (nostril moving in and out when the infant breathes). 你注意到鼻翼煽动（随着婴儿呼吸，鼻孔扩大和缩回）Your child has increased difficulty with feeding. 喂食孩子时出现更多困难。There is a decrease in the amount of urine or your childs mouth seems dry. 尿量减少或者你孩子嘴似乎干燥。Your child appears blue. 你孩子面容青紫。Your child needs stimulation to breathe regularly. 你孩子需要刺激才能有规则呼吸。
