1、Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers
2、on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Google is a world-famous company, with its headquarters in Mountain View, California. It was set up in a Silicon Valley garage in 1998, and inflated (膨胀) with the Internet bubble. Even when everything around it collapsed the com
3、pany kept on inflating. Googles search engine is so widespread across the world that search became Google, and google became a verb. The world fell in love with the effective, fascinatingly fast technology.Google owes much of its success to the brilliance of S. Brin and L. Page, but also to a series
4、 of fortunate events. It was Page who, at Stanford in 1996, initiated the academic project that eventually became Googles search engine. Brin, who had met Page at a student orientation a year earlier, joined the project early on. They were both Ph.D. candidates when they devised the search engine wh
5、ich was better than the rest and, without any marketing, spread by word of mouth from early adopters to, eventually, your grandmother.Their breakthrough, simply put, was that when their search engine crawled the Web, it did more than just look for word matches, it also tallied (统计) and ranked a host
6、 of other critical factors like how websites link to one another. That delivered far better results than anything else. Brin and Page meant to name their creation Googol (the mathematical term for the number 1 followed by 100 zeroes), but someone misspelled the word so it stuck as Google. They raise
7、d money from prescient (有先见之明的) professors and venture capitalists, and moved off campus to turn Google into business. Perhaps their biggest stroke of luck came early on when they tried to sell their technology to other search engines, but no one met their price, and they built it up on their own.Th
8、e next breakthrough came in 2000, when Google figured out how to make money with its invention. It had lots of users, but almost no one was paying. The solution turned out to be advertising, and its not an exaggeration to say that Google is now essentially an advertising company, given that thats th
9、e source of nearly all its revenue. Today it is a giant advertising company, worth $100 billion.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。47. Apart from a series of fortunate events, what is it that has made Google so successful?48. Googles search engine originated from _ started by L. Page.49. How did Googles search eng
10、ine spread all over the world?50. Brin and Page decided to set up their own business because no one would _.51. The revenue of the Google company is largely generated from _.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements
11、. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.You hear the refrain all the time: the
12、U.S. economy looks good statistically, but it doesnt feel good. Why doesnt ever-greater wealth promote ever-greater happiness? It is a question that dates at least to the appearance in 1958 of The Affluent (富裕的) Society by John Kenneth Galbraith, who died recently at 97.The Affluent Society is a mod
13、ern classic because it helped define a new moment in the human condition. For most of history, “hunger, sickness, and cold” threatened nearly everyone, Galbraith wrote. “Poverty was found everywhere in that world. Obviously it is not of ours.” After World War II, the dread of another Great Depressio
14、n gave way to an economic boom. In the 1930s unemployment had averaged 18.2 percent; in the 1950s it was 4.5 percent.To Galbraith, materialism had gone mad and would breed discontent. Through advertising, companies conditioned consumers to buy things they didnt really want or need. Because so much s
15、pending was artificial, it would be unfulfilling. Meanwhile, government spending that would make everyone better off was being cut down because people instinctivelyand wronglylabeled government only as “a necessary evil.”Its often said that only the rich are getting ahead; everyone else is standing
16、still or falling behind. Well, there are many undeserving richoverpaid chief executives, for instance. But over any meaningful period, most peoples incomes are increasing. From 1995 to 2004, inflation-adjusted average family income rose 14.3 percent, to $43,200. people feel “squeezed” because their
17、rising incomes often dont satisfy their rising wantsfor bigger homes, more health care, more education, faster Internet connections.The other great frustration is that it has not eliminated insecurity. People regard job stability as part of their standard of living. As corporate layoffs increased, t
18、hat part has eroded. More workers fear theyve become “the disposable American,” as Louis Uchitelle puts it in his book by the same name.Because so much previous suffering and social conflict stemmed from poverty, the arrival of widespread affluence suggested utopian (乌托邦式的) possibilities. Up to a po
19、int, affluence succeeds. There is much les physical misery than before. People are better off. Unfortunately, affluence also creates new complaints and contradictions.Advanced societies need economic growth to satisfy the multiplying wants of their citizens. But the quest for growth lets loose new a
20、nxieties and economic conflicts that disturb the social order. Affluence liberates the individual, promising that everyone can choose a unique way to self-fulfillment. But the promise is so extravagant that it predestines many disappointments and sometimes inspires choices that have anti-social cons
21、equences, including family breakdown and obesity (肥胖症). Statistical indicators of happiness have not risen with incomes.Should we be surprised? Not really. Weve simply reaffirmed an old truth: the pursuit of affluence does not always end with happiness.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。52. What question does John
22、 Kenneth Galbraith raise in his book The Affluent Society?A) Why statistics dont tell the truth about the economy.B) Why affluence doesnt guarantee happiness.C) How happiness can be promoted today.D) What lies behind an economic boom.53. According to Galbraith, people feel discontented because _.A)
23、public spending hasnt been cut down as expectedB) the government has proved to be a necessary evilC) they are in fear of another Great DepressionD) materialism has run wild in modern society54. Why do people feel squeezed when their average income rises considerably?A) Their material pursuits have g
24、one far ahead of their earnings.B) Their purchasing power has dropped markedly with inflation.C) The distribution of wealth is uneven between the r5ich and the poor.D) Health care and educational cost have somehow gone out of control.55. What does Louis Uchitelle mean by “the disposable American” (L
25、ine 3, Para. 5)?A) Those who see job stability as part of their living standard.B) People full of utopian ideas resulting from affluence.C) People who have little say in American politics.D) Workers who no longer have secure jobs.56. What has affluence brought to American society?A) Renewed economic
26、 security.B) A sense of self-fulfillment.C) New conflicts and complaints.D) Misery and anti-social behavior.Passage TwoQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The use of deferential (敬重的) language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which dominates conservative gender norm
27、s in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts. The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she
28、 “treads softly (谨言慎行)in the world,” elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic (语言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential “womens” forms, and even using the few strong forms that
29、are know as “mens.” This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of womens language. Indeed, we didnt hear about “mens language” until people began to respond to girls appropriation of forms normally reserved for boys and
30、men. There is considerable sentiment about the “corruption” of womens languagewhich of course is viewed as part of the loss of feminine ideals and moralityand this sentiment is crystallized by nationwide opinion polls that are regularly carried out by the media.Yoshiko Matsumoto has argued that youn
31、g women probably never used as many of the highly deferential forms as older women. This highly polite style is no doubt something that young women have been expected to “grow into”after all, it is assign not simply of femininity, but of maturity and refinement, and its use could be taken to indicat
32、e a change in the nature of ones social relations as well. One might well imagine little girls using exceedingly polite forms when playing house or imitating older womenin a fashion analogous to little girls use of a high-pitched voice to do “teacher talk” or “mother talk” in role play.The fact that
33、 young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of changeof social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the “masculization” of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but
34、 that is very different from saying that they are trying to be “masculine.” Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language strategies in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and
35、girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like “masculine” speech may seem to an adolescent like “liberated” or “hip” speech.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。57. The first paragraph describes in detail
36、_.A) the standards set for contemporary Japanese womenB) the Confucian influence on gender norms in JapanC) the stereotyped role of women in Japanese familiesD) the norms for traditional Japanese women to follow58. What change has been observed in todays young Japanese women?A) They pay less attenti
37、on to their linguistic behavior.B) The use fewer of the deferential linguistic forms.C) They confuse male and female forms of language.D) They employ very strong linguistic expressions.59. How do some people react to womens appropriation of mens language forms as reported in the Japanese media?A) Th
38、ey call for a campaign to stop the defeminization.B) The see it as an expression of womens sentiment.C) They accept it as a modern trend.D) They express strong disapproval.60. According to Yoshiko Matsumoto, the linguistic behavior observed in todays young women _.A) may lead to changes in social re
39、lationsB) has been true of all past generationsC) is viewed as a sign of their maturityD) is a result of rapid social progress61. The author believes that the use of assertive language by young Japanese women is _.A) a sure sign of their defeminization and maturationB) an indication of their defianc
40、e against social changeC) one of their strategies to compete in a male-dominated societyD) an inevitable trend of linguistic development in Japan todayPart V Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on
41、the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。Historically, humans get serious about avoiding disasters only after one has just struck them. _62_ t
42、hat logic, 2006 should have been a breakthrough year for rational behavior. With the memory of 9/11 still _63_ in their minds, Americans watched hurricane Katrina, the most expensive disaster in U.S. history, on _64_ TV. Anyone who didnt know it before should have learned that bad things can happen.
43、 And they are made _65_ worse by our willful blindness to risk as much as our _66_ to work together before everything goes to hell.Granted, some amount of delusion (错觉) is probably part of the _67_ condition. In A.D. 63, Pompeii was seriously damaged by an earthquake, and the locals immediately went
44、 to work _68_, in the same spotuntil they were buried altogether by a volcano eruption 16 years later. But a _69_ of the past year in disaster history suggests that modern Americans are particularly bad at _70_ themselves from guaranteed threats. We know more than we _71_ did about the dangers we fa
45、ce. But it turns _72_ that in times of crisis, our greatest enemy is _73_ the storm, the quake or the _74_ itself. More often, it is ourselves.So what has happened in the year that _75_ the disaster on the Gulf Coast? In New Orleans, the Army Corps of Engineers has worked day and night to rebuild th
46、e flood walls. They have got the walls to _76_ they were before Katrina, more or less. Thats not _77_, we can now say with confidence. But it may be all _78_ can be expected from one year of hustle (忙碌).Meanwhile, New Orleans officials have crafted a plan to use buses and trains to _79_ the sick and
47、 the disabled. The city estimates that 15,000 people will need a _80_ out. However, state officials have not yet determined where these people will be taken. The _81_ with neighboring communities are ongoing and difficult.62. A) To B) By C) On D) For63. A) fresh B) obvious C) apparent D) evident64.
48、A) visual B) vivid C) live D) lively65. A) little B) less C) more D) much66. A) reluctance B) rejection C) denial D) decline67. A) natural B) world C) social D) human68. A) revising B) refining C) rebuilding D) retrieving69. A) review B) reminder C) concept D) prospect70. A) preparing B) protesting
49、C) protecting D) prevailing71. A) never B) ever C) then D) before72. A) up B) down C) over D) out73. A) merely B) rarely C) incidentally D) accidentally74. A) surge B) spur C) surf D) splash75. A) ensued B) traced C) followed D) occurred76. A) which B) where C) what D) when77. A) enough B) certain C) conclusive D) final78. A) but B) as C) that D) those 79. A) exile B) evacuate C) dismiss D) displace80. A) ride B) trai
