1、考研英语写作破解-应用文写作(小作文)- 摘要 1.写作攻略 摘要是对原始文献(或文章)的基本内容进行浓缩并写成语义连贯的短文。它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不需加入任何主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。摘要写作要求简明扼要，用词准确。摘要题型写作是难度非常大的一种写作形式。随着考生英语水平的不断提高，这种题型引起考生的普遍重视。写作摘要时应该注意以下几点： (1)动笔之前，考生一定要认真仔细地阅读所给原文，力求抓住其大意，掌握原文要点。 如果一遍不能明白，可以多读几次，读的次数越多越容易明白文章大意。 (2)摘要的长度不应超过原文的三分之一，一般是原文的四分之一或五分之
2、一，考试时应遵守规定的字数限制。 (3)在做摘要时考生切忌照搬原文，应该用自己的语言来写。一篇摘要应该是语言的再创造，而不是原文词语的简单堆砌。 (4)摘要应与原文的观点保持一致，为了使摘要条理清晰，无特殊情况应按原文的逻辑顺序排列。(5)摘要要做到内容完整，没有大的遗漏，使读者无需查看原文就能够获得原文的主要内容。应重点反映主要观点，删除细节。 (6)削除例子，简化描述。用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。 (7)检查与修改时，考生应重点检查是否遗漏了原文的要点或包含了细节。 另外，写摘要时应该使用简单的衔接词，如 but, then, thus, yet, for等等，而不能使用 at the s
3、ame time, on the other hand 等。 2.必背模版句型 This paper mainly deals with. 这篇论文主要是写 This article focuses on the topics of (that, having, etc). 这篇文章的强调的主题是 This essay presents knowledge that. 这篇短文主要是讲关于的知识。 This thesis discusses/analyzes. 这篇论文讨论/分析了 This paper provides an overview of.这篇文章综述了 This article
4、compares.and summarizes key findings. 这篇文章比较了并总结了主要的发现。 This paper presents up-to-date information on. 这篇论文介绍了关于的最新信息。This article not only describes.but also suggests. 这篇文章不仅描述了而且建议 This paper provides a method of . 这篇为提供了方法。 This paper introduces an applicable procedure to analyze.这篇文章介绍一种分析的可行程序。
5、 This paper is devoted to examining the role of. 这篇论文致力于研究的作用。 This paper reflects the state of the art in. 这篇论文展示了目前的情况。 This article reviews the techniques used in.这篇文章综述了领域采用的技术。 The writer of this essay tries to explore. 本文作者试图探讨 The aim/purpose/objective of this paper is to determine. 本文的目的/目标是
6、为了决定 3.必背经典范文 将下面这篇约 500 词的原文按要求写成约 150 词的摘要。 How New York Became America ， s Largest City In the 18th century New York was smaller than Philadelphia and Boston.Today it is the largest city in America.How can the change in its size and importance be explained？ To answer this question we must conside
7、r certain facts about geography， history，and economics.Together these three will explain the huge growth of America?s most famous city. The map of the Northeast shows that four of the most heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports.At these points materials from across the sea enter
8、the United States， and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea. Economists know that places where transportation lines meet are good places for making raw materials into finished goods.That is why seaports often have cities nearby.But cities like New York needed more than th
9、eir geographical location in order to become great industrial centers.Their development did not happen simply by chance. About 1815，when many Americans from the east coast had already moved toward the west，trade routes from the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious proble
10、m. The slow wagons of that time，drawn by horses or oxen，were too expensive for moving heavy freight very far. Americans had long admired Europe?s canals.In New York State a canal seemed the best solution to the transportation problem.From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the way across the state to
11、the Hudson River there is a long strip of low land.Here the Erie Canal was constructed. After several years of work it was completed in 1825. The canal produced an immediate effect.Freight costs were cut to about one-tenth of what had been.New York City，which had been smaller than Philadelphia and B
12、oston， quickly became the leading city of the coast.In the years that followed， transportation routes on the Great Lakes were joined to routes on the Mississippi River.Then New York City became the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the western b
13、ranches of the Mississippi. The coming of the railroads made canal shipping less important，but it tied New York even more closely to the central regions of the country.It was easier for people in the central states to ship their goods to New York for export overseas.Exports from New York were greate
14、r than imports.Consequently，shipping companies were eager to fill their ships with passengers on the return trip from Europe.Passengers could come from Europe very cheaply as a result.Thus New York became the greatest port for receiving people from European countries. Many of these people remained i
15、n the city.Others stayed in New York for a few weeks，months，or years，and then moved to other parts of the United States.For these great number of new Americans New York had to provide homes， goods， and services.Their labor helped the city be come great. 摘要 How New York Became America?s Largest CityN
16、ew York was once smaller than Philadelphia and Boston，but now it is America， s largest city because of geography，history and economics. New York was located at the seaport where materials were imported to the US and the products of the US were sent abroad across the sea.The city was further develope
17、d when the Erie Canal was completed in 1825.This linked Lake Erie to New York via the Hudson River and the cost of transporting goods to those who had settled inland was cut down.In addition， the Great Lakes were soon linked to the Mississippi.Later，railroads tied New York closer to the central stat
18、es，whose goods were exported via New York.Fewer goods were imported，so cheap passages were available from Europe.New York became the main port for receiving Europeans，many of whom stayed in the city and helped it become great. This paper/thesis/composition mainly discusses/aims at/ focuses on/ cente
19、rs on ( 主题/ 主旨). The author first lists/states/argues Then he /the paper analyses/illustrates/supportsfrom (几个) aspects./ To conclude them, Above all, Besides, Whats more/ Finally, The paper finally ends with/ comes to a conclusion that英语摘要精品模板一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author
20、highlights that due attention has to be paid to_. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is _. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, _ is of utmost significance
21、 to our society. The last but not the least, as is illustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes _into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that _ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，作者强调我们必须充分重视（中心词）。几个主要原因促成了这一趋势。首先，在被人们确定的最有力的原因中，有一点原因应该得到重视，那就是（分论
22、点一）。其次，作者认为（分论点二）对我们的社会意义重大。最后，正如本文末段所示，作者也考虑到（分论点三）因素。综上所述所有论证，我们可以得出结论：（中心词）确实重要。二In the beginning of the essay, the writer clings to the idea that we should attach utmost significance to the issue of . It is no easy task to find the reason for this complicated phenomenon which involves several fa
23、ctors. To begin with, the past several decades have witnessed a thought-provoking social phenomenon that has been arising from all over the world. Furthermore, the author illustrates the deep-rooted reason by stressing the fact that is of great importance to the development of our society. Finally,
24、it is vital for us to derive positive implication from the last paragraph that is also a key factor contributed to this issue.在本文开头，作者坚持认为我们应该充分重视（中心词）这一问题。这一复杂现象涉及很多因素，找出各种原因并非易事。首先，过去几十年目睹了一个发人深省的社会现象：（分论点一）在世界各地出现。其次，作者通过强调（分论点二）对我们社会发展非常重要这一事实，阐明了深入的原因。最后，我们必须从末段得出积极含义：（分论点三）也是促成这一问题的关键因素。三To be
25、gin with, the purpose of the writer is to show us that we should attach utmost importance to_, yet the thought-provoking implication conveyed should be taken more carefully. It is no simple job to give the reason for this deep-seated tendency which involves many factors. First of all, as is demonstr
26、ated in the essay, _enjoys a striking popularity around the globe. What is more, the dissertation also subtly reflected the social phenomenon that _ is prevalent nowadays. More importantly, the author indicates that _ is a double-aged sword which can exert profound influence on our society. To sum u
27、p, it is apparent that the writer aims at reminding us of the significance of _ in our society.首先，作者的目的是告诉我们应该充分重视（中心词），然而我们应该认真对待所传达的发人深省的含意。这一深刻的趋势涉及很多因素，找到各种原因并不容易。首先，正如文中所示，(分论点一)在全球非常流行。其次，本文也敏锐地揭示了的社会现象在当今很盛行。更重要的是，作者认为（分论点二）是把双刃剑，会对我们的社会产生深远的影响。简而言之，显而易见作者旨在提醒我们（中心词）在我们社会中的重要意义。四The impressiv
28、e dissertation has subtly revealed a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is prevalent all over the world, which is _. There are a number of reasons for the significant problem. Above all, the author maintains that as a matter of fact, throughout history people of different cultures have regard
29、ed_ as the most vital cause. Moreover, it is the writers view that there are good reasons to advocate _ in the long run. Other factor includes the pillaring and propelling role _. With due consideration of the analysis above, we may draw a conclusion that _really counts in this society.这篇令人印象深刻的论文敏锐
30、地反映了一种全球盛行的发人深省的社会现象：_(中心词)。这个重要问题有很多原因。首先，作者认为事实上，在历史，不同文化的人们度一直把（分论点一）当做最重要的原因。此外，作者认为从长远来看，我们有理由推广（分论点二）。其他原因包括（分论点三）的支持和推动作用。充分考虑到上述分析，我们可以得出结论：（中心词）在当今社会确实重要。五With the speedy social and economic development, _ has been progressing rapidly. The causes for the issue are complicated with multiple
31、reasons, mainly from three aspects. First and foremost, the main reason is the ever-growing coordinating and controlling power and function exercised by _. In addition, a solid of foundation for such a tendency has been laid by_. The last but not the least, the author reckons that we should take var
32、ious kinds of realistic factors into account. Generally speaking, it is necessary for us to enhance the awareness of people that _ is extremely vital to us.随着社会和经济的迅速发展，_（中心词）迅猛发展。这一问题的原因较为复杂，涉及诸多因素，主要来自三个方面。首先，主要原因是_（分论点一）所发挥的不断增强的协调和控制作用。其次，_（分论点二）为这一趋势奠定了坚实的基础。最后，作者认为我们应该考虑各种现实因素。总而言之，我们必须提高人们的意识
33、：_（中心词）对我们至关重要。六With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decade more dramatically than _. The author assumes that there are at least three fundamental factors accounting for the above mentioned issue. First and foremost, when weighing in the mind, we find
34、 there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: _. In addition, it is well-known that due attention has to be paid the critical issue of _. The last but not the least, simple as it is, what the dissertation conveys to us is not uncommon in the world nowadays.随着现代生活节奏的加快，_（中心词）比其他任何变化更戏剧性地
35、概括了过去十年。作者认为至少有三个主要原因造成了上述问题。首先，当我们仔细思考时，我们发现在这一现象之下有一个明显趋势：_（分论点一） 。其次，众所周知，我们必须充分关注_（分论点二）这一重要问题。最后，尽管本文很浅显，但向我们表达了发人深省的内涵。本文确实揭示了当今世界一个很普遍的深刻趋势。七From the dissertation, the writer wants to convey such a message: utmost importance should be attached to _ . Some driving factors that contribute to th
36、e above-mentioned issue may be summarized as follows. Above all, we may look into every possible reason except the leading cause, which is _. In addition, it is imperative for us to cultivate the awareness of _ in our society.Lastly, we should bear in mind that _ is also of great significance to bot
37、h our society and ourselves. Taking all these causes into consideration, we may conclude that with the speedy development of our society, _ will keep growing in the forthcoming future.从这篇文章中，作者想要表达这一信息：我们应该充分重视_（中心词） 。促成上述问题的一些主要原因可以概括如下。首先，我们可以研究每个可能的原因，但最主要的原因是_（分论点一） 。其次，我们急需培养社会中的_（分论点二）意识。最后，我们
38、应该牢记_（分论点三）对我们社会和自己都意义重大。综合上述所有原因，我们可以得出结论：随着社会的迅速发展，_（中心词）在不远的未来将继续发展。八The dissertation above clearly illustrates that we should pay due attention to the issue of _. You may attribute to many other reasons, but the roots for the phenomenon go far deeper. First of all, the author is sending a messag
39、e about the significance of _. What is more, we can deduce from the paper that the author is trying to attract our attention to the issue of _. By analyzing these factors illustrated in the essay, we may draw the conclusion that importance should be attached to _.上述文章清晰地阐明了我们应该充分重视（中心词）这一问题。你可能认为很多其
40、他原因造成了这一问题，但这一现象的根源却更加深刻。首先，作者想要传达关于_（分论点一）的重要意义这一信息。其次，我们可以推断出作者努力想吸引我们关注_（分论点二）问题。通过分析文章阐明的这些原因，我们可以得出结论：我们应该充分重视_（中心词） 。九Currently, there is a widespread concern regarding the previously neglected issue of _. There are a great many primary reasons responsible for the aforementioned tendency. To b
41、egin with, a clear correlation is suggested that _ has exerted tremendously profound influence on the development of our society. Furthermore, some find it quite understandable when considering the fact that importance should be attached to _. Finally, there is no denying the fact that _ is of great
42、 benefit to both personal growth and economic prosperity. From what has been discussed so far, it is apparent that _ is of great concern in our life.目前，人们开始广泛关注之前被忽视的_（中心词）问题。很多主要原因造成了上述趋势。首先，我们可以清楚地看出：_（分论点一）对我们社会的发展产生了非常深远的影响。其次，人们发现当考虑到我们应该重视_（分论点二）这一事实时，情况不言自明。最后，不可否认_（分论点三）对个人成长和经济发展都很有益处。根据上述讨
43、论，显而易见_（中心词）在我们的生活中值得充分关注。十It goes without saying that the writer aims at revealing a common and serious issue nowadays. There is no reason to make a fuss at the phenomenon of _. Why does this phenomenon appear? The author maintains there are at least two factors accounting for this. Firstly, with t
44、he speedy social and economic development, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on _. Secondly, _has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by experts, but also by people in all walks of life. Thus, it is high time that we attached utmost significance to the issue.毫无疑问，作者旨在揭示当今一个普遍而严肃的问题。对_（中心词）这一现象无需大惊小怪。为何出现这一现象？作者认为至少有两个原因。首先，随着社会和经济的迅速发展，越来越多的人非常关注_（分论点一） 。其次，_（分论点二）已经成为不仅是专家，而且是各行各业的人们讨论的最热门话题之一。因此，我们早就该充分重视这一问题了。
