1、标点符号 Punctuation The comma (,) A . A comma is used in a compound sentence before the conjunction or connective ( and, but, or, for, so, nor, or yet ) We were fired, and we decided to have a rest. B. A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase (including a prepositional phrase and a participi
2、al phrase) before the subject of the sentence or in the midle of the sentence. When the bell rang, the teacher dismissed the class. C. Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases having the same function in the sentence The little girl likes to sing, to dance, and to act.逗号+并列连词 The clo
3、ck was old , yet it was in excellent condition. There was little formality in class , but Mr. Stone never had to discipline us. 注：）在较短的句子中，逗号可以省略。例如： Many are called but few are chosen. ）有两个以上分句时，前几个分句之间用逗号，最后两个分句之间用逗号加连词。例如：The night wind died down , night closed in , the moon came out , and lights
4、 came on in the scattered houses. The period (.)The period ( full stop ) is used at the end of a declarative sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question.Every student should learn to use the punctuation marks.Learn to use punctuation marks.They asked how the semicolon should be
5、used.The semicolon (;)The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses not linked by a conjunction (and, but or, for, so, nor, or yet )No one is born with knowledge; knowledge must be taught and learned.分号 They live on the first floor ; we live on the second. (对比) Everyone was late ; the snow ha
6、d caused a traffic jam. (补充说明) 分号+连接性副词+ 逗号 We didnt like the choice ; however , we had to accept it. We didnt know what to do ; therefore , we did nothing. 适用于这种情况的连接性副词还有：consequently ，furthermore，moreover，nevertheless 等。注：）连接性副词位于句末时，前面一般用逗号，后面用句号。例如： The new seats in the auditorium are more comf
7、ortable; the acoustics are worse , however. ) 连接性副词也放在句首，后面用逗号。例如： I hadnt read the test very carefully. Therefore , I was surprised that I had done so well. I hadnt read the test very carefully ; therefore , I was surprised that I had done so well. ) then 和 thus 后面不用逗号。例如： The ice cracked and split
8、 ; then that boy sank into the bone-chilling water. The colon (:)A. The colon is used to introduce an explanation, a summary, or an appositiveShe showed the books she had just borrowed from the library : two novels by Jane Austen and the a book on the history of English literature.B. The colon may p
9、recede a quotation or a statement.At the meeting he made an important announcement: he would resign from the committee in two weeks.列举事物。例如： That was a tale of two cities : London and Paris. It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes : first, tho
10、se whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and second, those whose work and pleasure are one. 注释句之前。例如： Ive just had some good news : Ive been offered a part-time job in the computer center. These seat covers are the most durable kind : they are reinforced with double stitching and covere
11、d with a heavy plastic coating. The question mark (?)The question mark is used after a direct (but not indirect) questionWho cleaned the room?破折号(Dash) 主要用于： a) 注释性的词语或句子前；如用于句子中间，前后都要有破折号。例如： There is a way to decide any question experiment. Somewhere or other I think it is in the preface to Saint
12、Joan Bernard Shaw remarks that we are more gullible and superstitious today than we were in the Middle Ages. b) 补充性的成分。例如： Life and death, too is a cycle that goes round and round. I teach because teaching is a profession built on change. When the material is the same, I change and more important, m
13、y students change. c) 总括所列举的事物。例如： The complex operation required new methods for directing the combined endeavors of thousands and thousands of minds, some in government, some in universities, some in private industry all working together for a common purpose. d) 突然转折。例如： One little problem is that
14、 a computer cant laugh yet but the scientists are working on it. 顿号（、 ）：顿号在汉语中起分割句子中的并列成分的作用；英语中没有顿号，分割句中的并列成分多用逗号。如： She slowly, carefully, deliberately moved the box. 注意：类似的情况下，最后一个逗号后可加 and，这个逗号也可省略-She slowly, carefully(,) and deliberately moved the box. 书名号（ ）：英文没有书名号，书名、报刊名用斜体或者下划线表示。如： Hamlet / Hamlet 哈姆雷特 Winters Tale / Winters Tale 冬天的童话 The New York Times / The New York Times 纽约时报 另外，英语中文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称和交通工具、航天器等的专有名词也常用斜体来表示。
