1、Upon completion of this chapter, you will be able to perform the following tasks: Describe basic IPX operation Determine the required IPX network number and encapsulation type for a given interface Enable the Novell IPX protocol Verify IPX connectivity Configure and monitor IPX Access Lists and SAP
2、traffic filters,Objectives,NetWare File Server,NetWare File Server,Cisco Routers in NetWare Networks,Novell NetWare Protocol Stack,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,Media Access Protocols (Ethernet, Token Ring, WAN, others),Physical,Data Link,Network,Session,Transport,Presentation,Application,Novell NetWare Protocols,O
3、SI Reference Model,IPX (Internetwork Packet Exchange),SPX,SAP,RIP NLSP,NETBIOS,APPLICATIONS,NCP,Address is 80 bits (network.node) Interface MAC address is part of logical address Multiple LAN encapsulations per interface Default routing protocol is IPX RIP Novell services are advertised using SAP Ne
4、tWare clients find servers with GNS packets,Key Novell NetWare Features,0000.0c56.de33,Novell IPX Addressing,E0,E1,S0,Node,0000.0c56.de34,0000.0c56.de33,Novell IPX Addressing,4a1d.0c56.de33,E0,E1,S0,48 bits (from MAC),Network.Node,3f.0c56.de34,2c.0c56.de33,Network 4a1d,Network 3f,Network 2c,Up to 32
5、 bits,Basic NetWare Operation,NW File Server,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),NW File Server,0080.C712.3456-Layer2 Mac,NIC,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),NW File Server,1a.0080.C712.3456-Layer3 Net,NIC,NW File Server,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),1a.0080.C712.3456-Layer3 Net,NetWare Services,2b.00
6、00.0000.0001-Internal Net,NIC,- NW Software Router,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b.0000.0000.0001,NIC,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b.0000.0000.0001,2b 1a . .,NIC,Routing Table,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),File Server - 4
7、,Print Server - 47,1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b.0000.0000.0001,2b 1a . .,Services Table,4 47 .,NIC,Routing Table,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),File Server - 4,Print Server - 47,1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b.0000.0000.0001,2b 1a . .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.F
8、FFF.FFFF.FFFF,NIC,Routing Table,1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b 1a . .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,0000.0C12.3456-Layer2 Mac,e0,NIC,Routing Table,2b.0000.0000.0001,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),Network and Encapsulation must match,1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare
9、Services,2b 1a . .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,1a.0000.0C12.3456-Layer3 Net,e0,s0,NIC,Routing Table,2b.0000.0000.0001,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),Network and Encapsulation must match,1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b 1a . .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Br
10、oadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,1a.0000.0C12.3456-Layer3 Net,e0,s0,1b.0000.0C12.3456,Routing Table,1a 1b 2b .,NIC,Routing Table,2b.0000.0000.0001,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b 1a 1b .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,1a.0000.0C12.34
11、56,e0,s0,1b.0000.0C12.3456,Routing Table,1a 1b 2b .,NIC,Routing Table,2b.0000.0000.0001,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b 1a 1b .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,e0,s0,Routing Table,1a 1b 2b .,4 47 .,Services Table,NIC,Routing Table,
12、1a.,1b.,2b.0000.0000.0001,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b.0000.0000.0001,2b 1a 1b .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,e0,s0,Routing Table,1a 1b 2b .,4 47 .,Services Table,NW Client,NIC,NIC,1a.0010.5A12.3456,GNS,Routing Table,1a.,1b.,
13、Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),Routing Table,1a.0080.C712.3456,NetWare Services,2b.0000.0000.0001 (IPX Internal Network),2b 1a 1b .,Services Table,4 47 .,Periodic Broadcasts on 1a.FFFF.FFFF.FFFF,e0,s0,Routing Table,1a 1b 2b .,4 47 .,Services Table,NW Client,NIC,NIC,1a.0010.5A12.3456,GNS,GNS Resp,1a
14、.,1b.,Basic NetWare Operation (cont.),Determining the IPX Network Number,Ask the NetWare administrator,Determining the IPX Network Number,cdp,Ask the NetWare administrator Use Cisco IOS commands to determine the IPX network number on a neighbor Cisco router,Determining the IPX Network Number,Ask the
15、 NetWare administrator Use Cisco IOS commands to determine the IPX network number a neighbor Cisco router Use NetWare command to check on the NetWare file server/router,NetWare config,cdp,Ethernet_802.3(default for NetWare 3.11 or earlier),802.3,IPX,Multiple Novell Encapsulations,Four types of Ether
16、net framing,Novell Name,Framing Structure,Ethernet_802.2(default for NetWare 3.12 and later),802.3,802.2 LLC,IPX,Ethernet_802.3(default for NetWare 3.11 and earlier),802.3,IPX,Multiple Novell Encapsulations,Four types of Ethernet framing,Novell Name,Framing Structure,Ethernet_802.2(default for NetWa
17、re 3.12 and later),802.3,802.2 LLC,IPX,Ethernet_802.3(default for NetWare 3.11 and earlier),802.3,IPX,Multiple Novell Encapsulations,Four types of Ethernet framing,Ethernet_II,Ethernet,IPX,Novell Name,Framing Structure,Ethernet_802.2(default for NetWare 3.12 and later versions),802.3,802.2 LLC,IPX,E
18、thernet_SNAP,802.3,802.2 LLC,SNAP,IPX,Ethernet_802.3(default for NetWare 3.11 and earlier versions),802.3,IPX,Multiple Novell Encapsulations,Ethernet_II,Ethernet,IPX,Novell Name,Framing Structure,Four types of Ethernet framing,Cisco Encapsulation Types,Novell IPX Name,Cisco IOS Name,Ethernet,Token R
19、ing,FDDI,FDDI_SNAP FDDI_802.2 FDDI_Raw,Ethernet_802.3 Ethernet_802.2 Ethernet_II Ethernet_SNAP,Token-Ring Token-Ring_SNAP,Novell IPX Name,Cisco IOS Name,Token-Ring Token-Ring_SNAP,Ethernet,Token Ring,FDDI,FDDI_SNAP FDDI_802.2 FDDI_Raw,Ethernet_802.3 Ethernet_802.2 Ethernet_II Ethernet_SNAP,Cisco Enc
20、apsulation Types,Specify encapsulation when you configure IPX networks,novell-ether sap arpa snap,sap snap,snap sap novell-fddi,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,S1,E1,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,S0 hdlc,Network b00
21、1,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,Network c0b0,Network d100,Network b1b0,E0 novell-ether,R3,R4,E1,R2,R1,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,S1,E1,d100,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,S0 hdlc,Network b001,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,N
22、etwork c0b0,Network d100,Network b1b0,E0 novell-ether,R3,R4,E1,R2,R1,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,hdlc,S1,E1,d100,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,S0 hdlc,Network b001,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,Network c0b0,Network d1
23、00,Network b1b0,E0 novell-ether,R3,R4,E1,R2,R1,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,hdlc,S1,E1,c0b0,d100,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,S0 hdlc,Network b001,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,Network c0b0,Network d100,Network b1b0,E
24、0 novell-ether,R3,R4,E1,R2,R1,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,hdlc,S1,hdlc,E1,c0b0,d100,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,S0 hdlc,Network b001,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,Network c0b0,Network d100,Network b1b0,E0 novell-eth
25、er,R3,R4,E1,R2,R1,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,hdlc,S1,hdlc,E1,b1b0,c0b0,d100,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,S0 hdlc,Network b001,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,Network c0b0,Network d100,Network b1b0,E0 novell-ether,R3,R
26、4,E1,R2,R1,Write the IPX addresses and encapsulation types for R3,Encapsulation,Network Address,R3 Interface Name,S0,hdlc,S1,hdlc,E1,novell-ether,Written Exercise: IPX Parameter Planning,S0 hdlc,Network b001,E0 SAP,E1,S1,S1 hdlc,S0,Network c0b0,Network d100,Network b1b0,E0 novell-ether,R3,R4,E1,b1b0
27、,c0b0,d100,R2,R1,Novell Uses IPX RIP for Routing,Uses ticks (about 1/18 sec.) and hop count (maximum of 15 hops) RIP broadcasts routing information to neighbor routers every 60 seconds, by default SAP broadcasts NetWare services information to neighbor routers every 60 seconds, by default,RIP SAP Ta
28、bles,RIP SAP Tables,RIP SAP Tables,RIP SAP Tables,D,C,B,A,Server advertises file service,SAP packets advertise all NetWare network services,Service Advertising Protocol (SAP),Server advertises print service,Server advertises file service,Client,A,SAP,SAP packets advertise all NetWare network service
29、s Can add excessive broadcast traffic to the network,Server advertises print service,Server advertises file service,Router A listens to SAPs,SAP,Client,A,Service Advertising Protocol (SAP),Get Nearest Server Protocol (GNS),File Server,NetWare Client,Get Nearest Server Protocol (GNS),File Server,NetW
30、are Client,GNS request,GNS is a broadcast from a client needing a server,Get Nearest Server Protocol (GNS),File Server,NetWare Client,GNS request,GNS is a broadcast from a client needing a server NetWare server and Cisco router get this SAP packet,Get Nearest Server Protocol (GNS),GNS is a broadcast
31、 from a client needing a server NetWare server and Cisco router get this SAP packet NetWare server provides GNS response,File Server,NetWare Client,GNS request,GNS reply,Novell IPX Configuration Tasks,Global configuration IPX routing,RIP,RIP,IPX,Novell IPX Configuration Tasks,Global configuration IP
32、X routing Load sharing,RIP,RIP,IPX,RIP,RIP,Network 9e encap arpa,Network 4a encap snap,IPX,Novell IPX Configuration Tasks,Global configuration IPX routing Load sharing Interface configuration Network numbers Encapsulation type,Novell IPX Global Configuration,ipx routing node ,Router(config)#,Enables
33、 Novell IPX routing,Router(config)# ipx maximum-paths paths,Novell IPX Global Configuration,Configures round-robin load sharing over multiple equal metric paths Default = 1,Router(config)# ipx routing node ,Enables Novell IPX routing,Novell IPX Interface Configuration,Enables IPX routing on the inte
34、rface Assigns IPX network number Selects optional encapsulation type,NetWare Subinterfaces,FS1 NW 3.11,FS2 NW 4.11,e0.1,NIC,NIC,1a.0080.C712.3456,1b.0080.C712.3457,Ethernet_802.3,Ethernet_802.2,1a - novell-ether,1b - sap,e0.2,Novell IPX Interface Configuration,Router(config-if)# ipx network network
35、encapsulation encapsulation-type secondary ,Assign primary and secondary network number and encapsulation,Router(config)# interface type number.subinterface-number,Specify a subinterface, then enable IPX routing with encapsulation type OR,Router(config-subif)# ipx network network encapsulation encap
36、sulation type ,Novell IPX Configuration Example,A,Network 9e,Network 1,E0,E1,S0,S0,Network 4a,Network 6c,S1,S1,9e.0800.4313.df56 Encapsulation = novell-ether,4a.1234.0000.abcd Encapsulation = sap,6c.0800.1213.13de Encapsulation = sap,Network 3,B,C,ipx routing ipx maximum-paths 2interface ethernet 0.
37、1ipx network 9e encapsulation novell-ether interface ethernet 0.2ipx network 6c encapsulation sapinterface ethernet 1ipx network 4a encapsulation sapinterface serial 0ipx network 1Interface serial 1ipx network 3,Novell IPX Configuration Example,A,Network 9e,Network 1,E0,E1,S0,S0,Network 4a,Network 6
38、c,S1,S1,9e.0800.4313.df56 Encapsulation = novell-ether,4a.1234.0000.abcd Encapsulation = sap,6c.0800.1213.13de Encapsulation = sap,Network 3,B,C,Verifying IPX Operation,show ipx interfaceshow ipx routeshow ipx serversshow ipx traffic,Monitoring Commands,Verifying IPX Operation,Monitoring the Status
39、of an IPX Interface,wg_ro_a#show ipx interface e0 Ethernet0 is up, line protocol is upIPX address is ABC.00e0.1e5d.ae2f, NOVELL-ETHER upDelay of this IPX network, in ticks is 1 throughput 0 link delay 0IPXWAN processing not enabled on this interface.IPX SAP update interval is 60 secondsIPX type 20 p
40、ropagation packet forwarding is disabledIncoming access list is not setOutgoing access list is not setIPX helper access list is not setSAP GNS processing enabled, delay 0 ms, output filter list is not setSAP Input filter list is not setSAP Output filter list is not setSAP Router filter list is not s
41、etInput filter list is not setOutput filter list is not setRouter filter list is not setNetbios Input host access list is not setNetbios Input bytes access list is not setNetbios Output host access list is not setNetbios Output bytes access list is not setUpdates each 60 seconds aging multiples RIP:
42、 3 SAP: 3 SAP interpacket delay is 55 ms, maximum size is 480 bytes,Monitoring IPX Routing Tables,wg_ro_a#show ipx route Codes: C - Connected primary network, c - Connected secondary networkS - Static, F - Floating static, L - Local (internal), W - IPXWANR - RIP, E - EIGRP, N - NLSP, X - External, A
43、 - Aggregates - seconds, u - uses, U - Per-user static2 Total IPX routes. Up to 1 parallel paths and 16 hops allowed.No default route known.C ABC (NOVELL-ETHER), Et0 R DEF 02/01 via ABC.00e0.1e5d.c860, 40s, Et0,Monitoring IPX Servers,wg_ro_a#show ipx server Codes: S - Static, P - Periodic, E - EIGRP
44、, N - NLSP, H - Holddown, + = detail U - Per-user static 2 Total IPX ServersTable ordering is based on routing and server infoType Name Net Address Port Route Hops Itf p 4 fs1 11.0000.0000.0001:0451 4/03 4 Et0 p 4 fs2 21.0000.0000.0001:0451 4/03 4 Et0,Monitoring IPX Traffic,wg_ro_a#show ipx traffic
45、System Traffic for 0.0000.0000.0001 System-Name: wg_ro_a Rcvd: 15 total, 0 format errors, 0 checksum errors, 0 bad hop count, 0 packets pitched, 15 local destination, 0 multicast Bcast: 13 received, 6 sent Sent: 6 generated, 0 forwarded0 encapsulation failed, 0 no route SAP: 1 Total SAP requests, 0
46、Total SAP replies, 0 servers1 SAP general requests, 0 ignored, 0 replies0 SAP Get Nearest Server requests, 0 replies0 SAP Nearest Name requests, 0 replies0 SAP General Name requests, 0 replies0 SAP advertisements received, 0 sent0 SAP flash updates sent, 0 SAP format errors RIP: 1 RIP requests, 0 ig
47、nored, 0 RIP replies, 2 routes13 RIP advertisements received, 0 sent0 RIP flash updates sent, 0 RIP format errors Echo: Rcvd 0 requests, 0 repliesSent 0 requests, 0 replies0 unknown: 0 no socket, 0 filtered, 0 no helper0 SAPs throttled, freed NDB len 0 Watchdog:0 packets received, 0 replies spoofed
48、,wg_ro_a#debug ipx routing activity IPX routing debugging is on IPXRIP: positing full update to 3010.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 (broadcast) IPXRIP: positing full update to 3000.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet1 (broadcast) IPXRIP: positing full update to 3020.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0 (broadcast) IPXR
49、IP: positing full update to 3021.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial1 (broadcast) IPXRIP: sending update to 3020.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial0 IPXRIP: src=3020.0000.0c03.14d8, dst=3020.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3021, hops 1, delay 6 network 3010, hops 1, delay 6 network 3000, hops 1, delay 6 IPXRIP: se
50、nding update to 3021.ffff.ffff.ffff via Serial1 IPXRIP: src=3021.0000.0c03.14d8, dst=3021.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3020, hops 1, delay 6 network 3010, hops 1, delay 6 network 3000, hops 1, delay 6 IPXRIP: sending update to 3010.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet0 IPXRIP: src=3010.aa00.0400.0284, dst=3010.ffff.ffff.ffff, packet sent network 3030, hops 2, delay 7 network 3020, hops 1, delay 1 network 3021, hops 1, delay 1 network 3000, hops 1, delay 1 IPXRIP: sending update to 3000.ffff.ffff.ffff via Ethernet1,
