1、Unit 5 The power of nature Period 3 Learning about Language 语法专题课 动词-ing形式作状语,【课前热身】 用所给词的适当形式完成下列句子并体会各句中 -ing形式的共同特点 It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere _ (cause)the global temperature to go up.,causing,Sometimes _ (work)outdoors and sometimes _(meet)local people a
2、nd tourists, I am never bored. _ _ (collect)and evaluated the information, I help other scientists to predict where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast.,working,meeting,Having,collected,_ _ (work)hard all day, I went to bed early. _ _ (study)volcanoes now for many years, I am still ama
3、zed at their beauty as well as their potential to cause great damage.,Having,worked,Having,studied,结论: 以上各句中的v. -ing分词都是状语, 其中 第_句中v. -ing分词所表示的动作与主句谓语 动作同时发生; 而第_句中则使用了v. -ing 分词的完成时态, 它表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。,【课堂诠解】 . 动词-ing形式作状语的分类可作时间、条件、让步、方式、原因、结果、伴随状语。,1. 表时间 (1)_ _ _ (当听到这个消息), they all danced for jo
4、y. (2)_ _ _ _ (在这个工厂工作), he was an advanced worker.,Hearing,the,news,Working,in,the,factory,2. 表条件 (1)_ _ _ (如果整天玩), you will waste your valuable time. (2)_ _ (好好学习), you will pass the final examination.,Playing,all,day,Working,hard,3. 表让步 (1)_ _(尽管感到累), he went on running. (2)_ _ _ _ (尽管知道我住在哪里), h
5、e never comes to see me.,Feeling,tired,Knowing,where,I,live,4. 表方式 (1)He came _ _ (跑回来)to tell me the news. (2)_ _ (跟着杰克), they started to climb towards the top of the mountain.,running,back,Following,Jack,5. 表原因 (1)_ _ (因为生病了), he didnt go to school. (2)_ _ _ (因为太累了), we stopped to have a short res
6、t.,Being ill,Being too tired,6. 表结果(多用于句尾) (1)He dropped the glass, _ _ _ _ (结果打成了碎片). (2)Her parents moved to New York, _ _ _ _ _(把房子留给了她).,breaking,it,into,pieces,leaving,the,house,to,her,7. 表伴随 (1)They stood by the roadside _ _ _ _ (讨论这个计划). (2)They stood there for half an hour _ _ _ _ _ _ (看天上的星
7、星).,talking,about,the,plan,watching,the,stars,in,the sky,. 动词-ing形式作状语的七点注意事项 1. 动词-ing的时态 现在分词有一般式(doing)和完成式(having done)之分; 现在分词的完成式表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。,(1)_ _ _ _ _ (向窗外看), I saw groups of children play games. (2)(2015天津高考) _ _ _ _ _ (工作了两天), Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.,Looking,o
8、ut,of,the,window,Having,worked,for,two,days,2. 动词-ing的语态 现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)表示某被动 动作正在进行; 现在分词完成式的被动语态(having been done)表示某被动动作发生在谓语动作之前。 (1)_ _ (被建)now, our library will be open next year. (2)_ _ _ _ _ (被告知了很多次), he still couldnt understand it.,Being built,Having been told many times,【名师指津】 动词
9、-ing形式与动词-ed形式作状语时的区别动词-ing形式作状语时, 其逻辑主语为句子的主语, 且它们之间为主动关系; 而动词-ed形式作状语时, 其逻辑主语为句子的主语, 且它们之间为被动关系。,*Arriving at the airport, he saw his guest walking out. 他一到达机场, 就看见客人正走出来。 *Completed last month, the project has begun to benefit people around here. 上个月完工, 这项工程已经开始使周围的人受益。,3. 动词-ing的否定式 现在分词的否定形式由no
10、t/never加现在分词构成。 (1)_ _ _ _ _ (由于不知道 他的电话号码), we couldnt get in touch with him. (2)_ _ _ _ _ (由于没有收到 他的答复), I decided to pay a visit to him.,Not,knowing,his,telephone,number,Not,having,received,his,answer,4. 动词-ing的独立主格结构 若作状语的现在分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致 时, 分词要带上自己的逻辑主语构成独立主格结构。 (1)The meeting _ _ (结束了), we al
11、l drove home. (2)The party will be held in the garden, weather _ (允许). (3)_ _ _ _ (没有汽车了), we had to go home on foot.,being,over,permitting,There,being,no,bus,【名师指津】除了动词-ing形式之外, 动词-ed及动词不定式也可以有独立主格结构。 *Her glasses broken(=Because her glasses were broken), she couldnt see the words on the blackboard
12、. 因为眼镜坏了, 她看不清黑板上的字。,*He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件, 他要做一个飞机模型。,5. 动词-ing形式与状语从句的转换 动词-ing形式作状语在句法功能上相当于一个状语 从句或并列句。 (1)Working hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference. =_ _ _ hard with a strong will, you can also make a difference.,If,you,work,(
13、2)Hearing a cry for help, he rushed out. =_ _ _ a cry for help, he rushed out. (3)He stood there silently, waiting for her answer. =He stood there silently, _ waited for her answer.,When,he,heard,and,6. 不受主语限制的动词-ing形式 generally / frankly / roughly speaking一般来说/坦白说/粗略地说; judging by/from. . . 从来看, 依据
14、来判断; seeing that考虑到; supposing that假如; talking/speaking of谈及; taking. . . into consideration把考虑在内; considering. . . 鉴于/考虑到; following继之后; concerning关于; owing to. . . 由于。,(1)_ _ (一般来说), girls are more careful than boys. (2)_ (假设)you lose, what will you do? (3)_ _ (从判断)his accent, he must be from the
15、north. (4)_ _ (谈到)travel, have you ever been to Beijing?,Generally,speaking,Supposing,Judging,from,Talking,of,7. 动词-ing作状语时, 在其前可加上when, while, once, as long as/so long as, unless, before, after, since, until, though, although, as if/as though, even if/even though等, 表示特殊的含义: *He fell asleep while reading. 他看书时睡着了。 *While crossing the road, you cant be too careful. 过马路时, 你再小心也不为过。,【课堂小结】 现在分词作状语用法: 分词作状语, 概有七意义; 时间和原因, 结果与目的; 方式加伴随, 条件常出席; 时态有两种, 一般完成体; 主动与被动, 意义须分析; 一般式同生, 完成谓前行。,(备注: 现在分词的一般时表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生, 而完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前),
