1、在一个 Cisco 交换网络中间,已知某台机器的 IP 地址,如何找出它连接到了哪台交换机的哪个端口上呢? 最方便快捷的方法使使用 CiscoWorks 2000 LMS 网管软件的 User tracking 功能,图形化界面,一目了然。如果没有这个软件,也可以使用以下手工分析方法来找出答案:示例网络:核心交换机为 6509(交换引擎 SE 用 CatOS, MSFC 运行 IOS 软件)1. 找出该 IP 所对应的 MAC 地址:通过查看系统的 ARP 缓存表可以找出某 IP 所对应的 MAC 地址。由于 ARP 不能跨 VLAN 进行,所以连接各个 VLAN 的路由模块 MSFC 就是最
2、佳的选择-一般它在每一个 VLAN 都有一个端口(interface vlan n),能正确地进行 ARP 解释。6509MSFC#ping 10.10.1.65Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.1.65, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/4 ms6509MSFC#show arp | in 10.10.1.65Internet 10.10.1.65
3、2 0006.2973.121d ARPA Vlan2通过以上命令,我们知道 10.10.1.65 的 MAC 地址是 0006.2973.121d, 这是 IOS 设备的 MAC 地址表达方式,在 CatOS 中,应写为 00-06-29-73-12-1d.2. 在交换机上找出 MAC 地址所对应的端口6509SE (enable) show cam 00-06-29-73-12-1d* = Static Entry. + = Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot
4、1x Security EntryVLAN Dest MAC/Route Des CoS Destination Ports or VCs / Protocol Type2 00-06-29-73-12-1d 9/41 ALLTotal Matching CAM Entries Displayed =1这是不是说 IP 为 10.10.1.65 的机器就接在端口 9/41 上呢?不一定。如果以下命令中显示该端口上只有一个活动的 MAC 地址,那么答案就是肯定的:6509SE (enable) show cam dynamic 9/41* = Static Entry. + = Permanen
5、t Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security EntryVLAN Dest MAC/Route Des CoS Destination Ports or VCs / Protocol Type- - - -2 00-06-29-73-12-1d 9/41 ALLTotal Matching CAM Entries Displayed =1如果该命令显示该端口上有多个活动的 MAC 地址,那么这个端口应该连接到别的交换机或 HUB 设备上,见下面的例子(查找 IP 为
6、10.10.1.250 所对应的交换机端口):6509MSFC#ping 10.10.1.250Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.10.1.250, timeout is 2 seconds:!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 1/1/1 ms6509MSFC#show arp | in 10.10.1.250Internet 10.10.1.250 4 0009.6b8c.64ec ARPA Vlan2650
7、9SE (enable) show cam 00-09-6b-8c-64-ec* = Static Entry. + = Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security EntryVLAN Dest MAC/Route Des CoS Destination Ports or VCs / Protocol Type- - - -2 00-09-6b-8c-64-ec 3/11 ALLTotal Matching CAM Entries Displayed
8、 =16509SE (enable) show cam dy 3/11* = Static Entry. + = Permanent Entry. # = System Entry. R = Router Entry.X = Port Security Entry $ = Dot1x Security EntryVLAN Dest MAC/Route Des CoS Destination Ports or VCs / Protocol Type1 00-03-e3-4b-06-80 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-cd 3/11 ALL1 00-02-a5-ee-f2-4f
9、 3/11 ALL1 00-09-6b-8c-66-d6 3/11 ALL1 00-09-6b-63-17-d9 3/11 ALL1 00-0b-cd-03-ec-f5 3/11 ALL1 00-09-6b-63-17-d8 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-c1 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-85 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-81 3/11 ALL1 00-02-a5-ef-16-af 3/11 ALL1 00-02-a5-ee-f2-93 3/11 ALL1 00-02-55-c6-05-61 3/11 ALL2 00-09-6b-
10、8c-64-ec 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-ed 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-a9 3/11 ALL1 00-02-55-54-7a-e0 3/11 ALL1 00-02-a5-ef-15-a6 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-af-8f 3/11 ALL1 00-08-02-e6-b0-bd 3/11 ALL1 00-0b-cd-03-db-8b 3/11 ALL1 00-09-6b-8c-25-50 3/11 ALLDo you wish to continue y/n n? n由于该端口连接到另一台交换机或 HUB,必须继续追查,
11、方法如下:6509SE (enable) show cdp nei 3/11* - indicates vlan mismatch.# - indicates duplex mismatch.Port Device-ID Port-ID Platform- - - -3/11 Cisco2924 GigabitEthernet1/1 cisco WS-C2924M-XL该命令显示对端设备是一台 Cisco2924,如果没有显示,那么说明连接的是别的厂家的设备,可能要到该交换机上用类似的办法继续追查。本例子中是 Cisco 设备,所以我们可以继续:6509SE (enable) show cdp
12、 nei 3/11 dePort (Our Port): 3/11Device-ID: Cisco2924Device Addresses:IP Address: 10.10.0.60Holdtime: 153 secCapabilities: TRANSPARENT_BRIDGE SWITCHVersion:Cisco Internetwork Operating System SoftwareIOS (tm) C2900XL Software (C2900XL-C3H2S-M), Version 12.0(5.2)XU, MAINTENANCE INTERIM SOFTWARECopyri
13、ght (c) 1986-2000 by cisco Systems, Inc.Compiled Mon 17-Jul-00 17:35 by ayounesPlatform: cisco WS-C2924M-XLPort-ID (Port on Neighborss Device): GigabitEthernet1/1VTP Management Domain: lanNative VLAN: 1Duplex: fullSystem Name: unknownSystem Object ID: unknownManagement Addresses: unknownPhysical Loc
14、ation: unknownCisco2924#show mac-address-table dynamic address 0009.6b8c.64ecNon-static Address Table:Destination Address Address Type VLAN Destination Port- - - -0009.6b8c.64ec Dynamic 2 FastEthernet0/2Cisco2924#show mac-address-table dynamic interface f0/2Non-static Address Table:Destination Address Address Type VLAN Destination Port- - - -0009.6b8c.64ec Dynamic 2 FastEthernet0/2通过以上命令可知,MAC 地址 0009.6b8c.64ec 与 Cisco 2924 交换机相连,且是该端口上唯一活动的 MAC 地址,所以 IP 为 10.10.1.250 的机器应该就连接在这个端口上。