1、so 和 such 用法小结 一,so 的常见用法1.当 so 作副词,修饰形容词或副词时 ,表示程度, 意为“这么“,“ 那么“.如:Don t be so silly.别那么傻.He ran so fast.他跑得那么快.2.如果 so 后无形容词,则 so 不能与名词连用.如:I ve never seen so tall a child(=such a tall child).我从未见过个儿那么高的小孩.切不可以说“He is so a child.“但是,so little,so much 可与不可数名词连用,so few,so many 可与复数名词连用如:Tom ate so m
2、uch food a meal.汤姆一餐吃了那么多的食物.There re so few people in the hall.大厅里的人很少.3.Sothat 意为“如此 以至于“, 是一个常见句型,也是中考常考的句型.如:Jane s leg was so painful that she couldn t move at all.简的腿那么疼,以至于根本动不了.该句型还可以转换成“So + adj.+ a/an+名词“结构.如:Mike is so clever a boy that all like him.麦克这么聪明,大家都喜欢他.so that 意为“以便“,“为的是“, 引导目
3、的状语从句(该目的状语通常用情态动词作谓语)如 :They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really like.他们能帮助你比较两种不同的产品,以便你能买到自己真正喜欢的 .so that 从句还可表示结果,意为“因此“, 如:His pen is missing,so that he hasn t done his homework.他的笔不见了,因此他无法完成作业.4.so 与动词 say,tell,think,believe,suppose 等连用 ,可以替代
4、一个意义完整的宾语从句.如:Is she a top student in her class Yes,I think so.她是她们班最好的学生吗 是的,我想是这样.so 与动词 do 连用,意为“ 这样做“, 以避免重复前面的有关内容 .而 if so 意为“如果是这样“.如:He did so in order to help her.他这样做是为了帮助她.Are you a student If so(=If you are ),may I have your name,please 你是学生吗 如果是,请问你叫什么名字 5.“So + be/其他助动词/情态动词 + 主语“ 是倒装结
5、构,意为“同样“,“也“. 这一结构在中考试题中也经常出现.如:I usually go to bed at night.So do I.我通常晚上睡觉.我也是.6.so 作连词,表示结果,意为“ 所以“,“因此“.如:How do you like this shirt It s beautiful and it fits me well,so (that) I 1ike it very much.你喜欢这件衬衣吗 它既漂亮又很合身,因此我非常喜欢.7.“not so +adj./adv.(原级)+as“是一个常见的比较级句型, 也是中考常考的句型,意思是“ 不如 “,“不及“.如:The
6、man doesn t work so hard as me.这个人工作不如我努力.二,such 的常见用法1.such 是限定词,常和名词连用,意为“如此的“,“这样的“.如:She is such a kind woman.她是一个如此善良的女人.Grandpa often told us such funny stories.爷爷常给我们讲这么有趣的故事.Dont go out in such bad weather.天气这么糟,不要 出去区别：so 是副词,修饰形容词和副词,在句中充当状语.Such 为形容词修饰名词,在句中作定语,请看下面几个句子. The fish is so lo
7、ng. Dont drive so fast, its dangerous. Fred is so good a man.Fred is such a good man. It was such interesting meeting.The meeting was so intersting. There were such a lot of people. There were so many people.以上句子中,句比较简单,so 为副词,分别修饰形容词 long 和副词 fast.句中的 so 修饰 good,可用形容词 such 改为: Fred is such a good m
8、an. 这句话和原句的意义不变,但用 so 要用 so+adj+a/an+n.的结构来表达. 用 such需用 such+a/an+adj+n.的结构来表达.句中仍可按的形式表达, 但也可写成: The meeting was so interesting. 其句意不变.句中的 such 也可换为 so,但更据习惯搭配, 应将 a lot of 变为many 为宜,如其后所修析的名词为不可数名词 ,还需将 a lot of 改为 much.如: With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework 用 so 则为: W
9、ith so much time, they so have finished their homework. 因此遇到这种情况,我们可将 such+a lot of+n.结构变为 so+many/much+n.结构 再看这样一个句子: The enemy scattered in such a hurry. 可改为:The enemy scattered so hurriedly.又如: The plane flies at such a speed. 则可写成:The plane flies so fast. 这样的句子为 such+a/an+n 结构,改为 so+adv 结构其义不变.
10、在 sothatclause 中和 suchthat-clause 中,我们也可参照以上的结构来进行转换. 1、so + 形容词 /副词 + that + 从句，如： This story is so interesting that I want to read it again. （这个故事如此有趣以至我想再读一次。） He spoke so quickly that I couldnt follow him. （他说得如此快以至我不能跟上他。） 2、so+ 形容词 /副词+(a/an)+(单数)复数可数名词不可数名词 +that+从句，如果句中的名词是单数可数名词，其前就要用不定冠词 a
11、 或 an，如果是复数可数名词或者不可数名词，前面就不用冠词，如： She is so lovely a girl that everyone loves he（这个故事如此有趣以至我想再读一次。）r. （她是如此可爱的一个女孩，以至每个人都喜欢她。） Those are so beautiful flowers that the girl wants to pick them.（那些花是如此漂亮以至那个女孩想要摘下它们。） 3、such+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词 +that+从句，如： She is such a lovely girl that everyone loves her.
12、（她是如此可爱的一个女孩，以至每个人都喜欢她。） It is such an interesting story that I want to read it again. （这是一个如此有趣的故事以至我想再读一次。） 4、such+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that+ 从句，如： He showed such concern that people took him to be a relative.（他表现得如此关心以致于人们都把他当作亲戚了。）such 后面需要加名词词组,nice people 作为一个词组用,所以要用 such 不用so .adj+N 前面用 such adv+N 前
13、面用 so so 与 such 的区别： so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词，作状语（如 so good，so fast）；such 是形容词，用来修饰名词，作定语。当名词之前有另外的形容词时，则在此形容词之前一般既可以用 such，也可以用 so。但要注意不定冠词 a an 的位置。 比较 so 和 such 其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副 词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词 many，few，much ， little 连用，形成固定搭配。 so + adj. such + a(n) + n. so + ad
14、j. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. (pl.) such +n. (pl.) so + adj. + n. 不可数 such +n. 不可数 so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flower so many/ few flowers such nice flowers so much/little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of people so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽
15、相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such 搭配。 sothat 与 suchthat 之间的转换既为 so 与 such 之间的转换。 简单说so 是副词，所以用来形容形容词和其他副词，如 so cute, 甚至 so-sosuch 是代词，那就只能修饰名词。如，such weather, such good weather.这个地方最容易混，对吧？你可以替换其他代词来感受这个用法，比如 such beautiful fish-this beautiful fishso 和 such 用法及区别such 和 so 两个单词意思相近，使用时很容易混淆。其实，这两个单词
16、的用法并不相同，首先要注意的是，它们的词性不同；such 为形容词，意为“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，主要修饰名词；如：No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before.而 so 是副词，意为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地 ”，主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如：Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so much angry as disappointed.但是，such 和 so 都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们
17、在名词词组中的用法。一、后接可数名词的单数形式1、直接跟名词时，用 such；如：However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing.Why are you in such a hurry?注意：当 such 前面有 no 时，必须省去不定冠词 a(an)，因为 no such 本身已经包括了不定冠词，相当于 not such a(an)；如：I have no such book. (= I havent such a book.)2、跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用 such，也可以用 so，但应注意
18、冠词位置的不同，如：I have never seen such a tall man. I have never seen so tall a man.He is not such a clever boy as his brother. He is not so clever a boy as his brother.二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有无修饰语都用 such，如：Such things often happen in our daily life. Such people are dangerous.Whales are such smart animals th
19、at they communicate with each other.He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.三、后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用 such，如：Did you ever see such weather? You cant drink such hot milk.She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有 few，many；不可数名
20、词之前有little，much 修饰时，用 so，如：so many people / so many students / so few daysso much time / so much money / so little time 等。注意：上述词组中的 so 实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句：I have met many such people in my life.I didnt expect to meet so many people there.上述两句中都有 many，但却分别用了 such 和 so，其位置不同，因此含义也不同。在中， many 和 such 同时
21、修饰后面的名词；而句中的 so 修饰的则是many。五、当 many、much 、little、few 单独作为名词使用时，用 so；如：There are so few that I cant give you one.This is the girl I have told you so much about.So much for today.六、such 可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many 、any、few、several 等词同时修饰一个名词，但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面，如：All such possibilities must be c
22、onsidered. I need some such cards.One such dictionary is enough for me.We have had several such Chinese paintings already.I hope never to meet with another such accident.其规律由 so 与 such 的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much， little 连用，形成固定搭配。so + adj. such + a(n) +
23、 n。so + adj. + a(n) + n. such + n. (pl。)so + adj. + n. (pl。) such +n. (pl。)so + adj. + n. 不可数 such +n. 不可数so foolish such a fool so nice a flower such a nice flowerso many/ few flowers such nice flowersso much/little money. such rapid progress so many people such a lot of peopleso many 已成固定搭配， a lot
24、 of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用 such 搭配。sothat 与 suchthat 之间的转换既为 so 与 such 之间的转换。首先,我们应该弄清 so 是副词,修饰形容词和副词,在句中充当状语 .Such 为形容词修饰名词,在句中作定语,请看下面几个句子. The fish is so long. Dont drive so fast, its dangerous. Fred is so good a man. It was such interesting meeting. There were such a lot of people. 以上句子
25、中,句比较简单,so 为副词,分别修饰形容词 long 和副词 fast.句中的 so 修饰 good,可用形容词 such 改为: Fred is such a good man. 这句话和原句的意义不变,但用 so 要用 so+adj+a/an+n.的结构来表达.用 such 需用 such+a/an+adj+n.的结构来表达.句中仍可按的形式表达,但也可写成: The meeting was so interesting. 其句意不变.句中的 such 也可换为 so,但更据习惯搭配 ,应将 a lot of 变为 many为宜,如其后所修析的名词为不可数名词,还需将 a lot of
26、改为 much.如: With such a lot of time,they should have finished their homework 用 so 则为: With so much time, they so have finished their homework. 因此遇到这种情况,我们可将 such+a lot of+n.结构变为 so+many/much+n.结构 再看这样一个句子: The enemy scattered in such a hurry. 可改为:The enemy scattered so hurriedly.又如: The plane flies a
27、t such a speed. 则可写成:The plane flies so fast. 这样的句子为 such+a/an+n 结构,改为 so+adv 结构其义不变 . 在 sothatclause 中和 suchthat-clause 中,我们也可参照以上的结构来进行转换. 下面我再就 so 和 such 的其它用法作一讨论. 先看 so 的一个用法:替代. I enjoyed the music and so did my wife. If my brother is allowed to go out, so should I be.0 You are young, so am I
28、I love sport. So do you. A She will learn English, and so shall I, and so will her sister. A 组五个句子,都表示前面的情况也适合后者的情况 ,但主语不指同一人.需用下面的结构表达: So+ be/have/do/助动词+ 主语 Tomorrow will be your birthday. You are right, so it will. It was cold yesterday. Yes, so it was. Father, you promised to buy it for me. I h
29、oped to win and so I shall. B 组 so 所引起的句子 ,实际上是对前面句意的重复,从语气上更加肯定前句的意思,肯定无疑,信十足.在这种句子中,主语所指相同,那么应用下面结构来表达: So+主语+be/have/do/助动词 就 A,B 两组句子,我们不难看出,在这种结构中,so 替代的不外乎三种情况:谓语,谓语的一部分或非谓语动词短语. 再看 such 作代词的一个用法. 在英语学习中,我们会碰到如下的句子: Such were the results. Such is his fate. Such are the facts. 好多书中谈及 such 是作主语.
30、但是,我也注意到要 such 之后的 be 是随着其后的形式而变化的.我认为似乎作表语更容易理解些.如下面的句子: Such is life. Such were his words. Such is her reward. 以上三例均出自牛津现代高级英汉双解辞典,它指明 such 在此均作表语使用.另陕西人民出版社出版的简明英语语法也有同样的观点: Such is the power of the press; such the state of man. 由此看来,such 在这种句子中作表语讲要好些,从语法角度也更好解释. 随后的两个问题不能称为问题，因为二者不能比较，that 的位置不
31、同，所代表的意义是完全不同的 so big a bag =such a big bag so 副词，意思是“如此、这样”，后面常接形容词或副词；such 形容词，意思是“如此、这样” ，修饰名词，即可接可数名词，也可以接不可数名词。2，联系-such a/ an +形容词+单数可数名词；so +形容词+a/an+ 单数名词。such 除了修饰单数可数名词外，还可以修饰复数名词和不可数名词，so 是副词，修饰形容词或副词。例如：Its such a fine day. Its so fine a day. 3，如果复数名词前有 few，many 等形容词；不可数名词前有 little，much
32、等形容词，就必须用 so，而不能用 such，例如：The camel had such a long neck. 骆驼长着那样长的脖子。Dont make so much noise! 别那么大声嚷嚷。 suchthat 作“如此 以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。与sothat意思相同，但用法不同。如：sothat 这一结构中，so 后边可加形容词或副词，而 such 后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带） 。因此，suchthat 的句型结构可分以下三种：1) sucha(an)adj.单数可数名词thatclauseHe is such a clever boy th
33、at everybody likes him.他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。2)suchadj.复数可数名词 thatclauseThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。3)suchadj.不可数名词 thatclauseHe has made such great progress that the teach
34、ers are pleased with him.他进步得很快，老师们对他感到很满意。注意：如果 such 后边的名词前由 many、much、 few、little 等词所修饰的话，则不用 such 而用 so.例如：He had so little education that he was unfit for this job.他所受教育很少，不适合做这个工作。There were so many people in the street watching the fire that firefighters could not get close tothe building. 街上有
35、那么多人观看大火，以致于消防队员无法接近大楼。sothat 也作“如此以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。sothat 与suchthat 意思相同，但用法不同。现将 sothat 用法总结如下：soadj.adv. that clause（so 的后面跟形容词或副词）He runs so fast that nobody can catch up with him.他跑得非常快，没人能追上他。Dr. Wang is so good that everybody loves and respects him. (=He is so good a doctor thateverybody lo
36、ves and respects him. =He is such a good doctor that everybody loves and respects him.)他是一位好医生，大家都尊敬并爱戴他。so that 与 so . that .的用法在近几年来全国各省市的中考试题中出现率较高，一直是历年来中考试题的重要考点。下面结合近几年来的中考试题，将 so that 与 so . that . 的用法归纳如下：一、so that 引导目的状语从句时，表示 “以便；为了” ，从句中常使用 can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动
37、词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中一般不用 can 和 may 等词，在 so that 前可以用逗号，意思是“因此;所以” 。如：1. The little boy saved every coin_ _he could buy his mother a present on Mothers day.(用所给的短语填空，每个短语只能用一次 )(2003 大连市) (答案为 so that。)2. She bought a digital camera online_ she would save a lot of time. (2003 扬州市)A.so that B.as soon a
38、s C.no matter D.such that (答案为 A。)二、so形容词或副词that .引导结果状语从句。(一 )so形容词或副词that .引导的肯定的结果状语从句，意思是“如此以致于” 。如：3._fine day it is today! Yes,the sunshine is_beautiful that Id like to go swimming in the sea. (2003 青岛市)A. How, such B. What a, very C. How, so D. What a, so 4.当球迷们看到贝克汉姆的时候，他们如此激动以致于大喊大叫。(根据中文意思
39、完成句子，每空一词。)(2003 北京市海淀区)When the football fans saw Beckham, they got_excited_they cried out. (答案为 so，that 。)(二 )so形容词或副词that .引导的否定的结果状语从句，意思是“如此以致于不能” 。如：5. The camera is _expensive_ I cant afford itA. so, that B. such, that C. so, as to D. enough, that 6. Miss Gao asked a question, but it was_that
40、 nobody could answer it. A.very difficult B. too difficult C. difficult enough D. so difficult 注意：当 that 引导的结果状语从句为肯定句时， so . that .可以与 be . enough to do 转换；当从句为否定句时，可以与 too . to . 或 be not . enough to do 转换。如：7. David was so careless that he didnt find the mistakes in his test paper. (变为简单句)(2003 福
41、州市)David was_careless_find the mistakes in his test paper.8. A：The boy is so young that he cant look after himself.B ：The boy is not_to look after himself.(改写句子，使 B 句与 A 句意思相近)(2004 年桂林市)( 答案为 old enough。)so . that . 引导结果状语从句有时候可以与 such . that .句型相互转换。如：9. The stone is so heavy that I cant lift it u
42、p.It is_a heavy stone_I cant lift it up.(改写句子) so 与 such 都有“如此、这么、那么”的意思，可进行同义改写，但用法不同。1. so 是副词，修饰形容词和副词；而 such 是形容词，修饰名词。它们后面接单数可数名词时，词序不同。so 的词序为：so+ adj. + a（an） + n.such 的词序为：such +a（an） +adj. + n.它们可以表达同样的意思，因此它们可以进行同义改写。so nice a coat =such a nice coat 这么漂亮的一件外套so interesting a book = such an
43、 interesting book 那么有趣的一本书补给站：后面接复数名词或不可数名词时，只能用 such，而不能用 so.如：such beautiful flowers 这么美丽的花such clever children 如此聪明的孩子但是，复数名词或不可数名词前有 many，few，much，little 修饰时，只能用 so 而不能用 such，这是一种固定用法。如：so many books 这么多书so few people 这么少的人so much money 那么多的钱so little milk 那么少的牛奶2. 和“that”连用时，意思基本一样，但句型结构不同。“sot
44、hat”句型结构为：so + adj. （adv.） +thatso + adj. +a（an）+单数 n. +thatso +many（few）+复数 n. +thatso +much（little）+不可数 n. +that如：他是好孩子，我也是He is a good child. So am i他是好孩子，是吗?He is a good child. Ist he他是好孩子，他确实是He is a good child. So he isThis book is so interesting that I have read it three times. 这本书如此有趣，我已经看了三
45、遍。He spoke so fast that we couldnt understand him. 他说得太快，我们都未能听懂他的话。It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 天气很热，谁都不想干活。There were so many people that we could hardly move on. 这么多人，我们简直无法继续往前走。“suchthat”句型结构为：such + a （an）+adj. +单数 n. +thatsuch + adj. +复数 n. +thatsuch +adj. +不可数 n. +t
46、hatShe is such a pretty girl that everyone likes her. 她是个很可爱的小姑娘，大家都喜欢她。They are such delicious cakes that I want to eat another two. 这么可口的蛋糕，我还想再吃两块。It is such sweet milk that we all want to drink it. 这么香的牛奶，我们都想喝。补给站：由于 so 和 such 后跟单数可数名词时，可以换用，同样“sothat”与“suchthat”也可以进行同义句改写。如上文中：This book is so
47、interesting that I have read it three times. 可改写成：This is such an interesting book that I have read it three times.It was so hot a day that nobody wanted to do anything. 可改写成：It was such a hot day that nobody wanted to do anything.3. so 与 that 可以直接构成词组“so that”，引导目的和结果状语从句，表示“以便、以致”的意思。如：He worked h
48、ard so that he could pass the exams. 为了能通过考试，他学习很认真。（但 such 没有这种用法）such 和 so 都可以用来表示程度，意思是“如此；这样”，但用法却不相同。 1such 是形容词，用来修饰名词，名词前有无形容词都可以；so 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词，形容词后可以省略名词。例如： He is such a（big）fool他是个（大）傻瓜。 He is so foolish（a man） 他是如此愚蠢（的一个人） 。 2单数名词前有不定冠词与形容词时，so 和 such 的位置不同。前者为“so形容词冠词名词” ，后者为 “such冠词形容词名词” 。例如： I know such a clever boy我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 I know so clever a boy我认识如此聪明的一个男孩。 3so 后即使有形容词，也不能修饰复数名词或不可数名词，而 such 则可以。例如： They are such useful books它们是如此有用的书。 He gave u
