1、倒装 (Inversion) 知识点 倒装概述 英语中最基本的语序是“主语+谓语动词” 。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，这就叫倒装。如果将谓语动词全移至主语之前，称为完全倒装；只把助动词放在主语之前，称为部分倒装。如：Out rushed the boy. 那个男孩冲了出来。 (完全倒装)Never have I read a book like this. 我从没读过这样的书。 (部分倒装) 1. 全部倒装 全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有： 1） here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓
2、语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 等表示来去或状态的动词。例如：Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。2） 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。例如：Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。例如：Here he comes. 他来了。 Away they we
3、nt. 他们走开了。2. 部分倒装-2.1 基本内容 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句子的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词 do, does 或 did，并将其置于主语之前。句首为否定或半否定的词语，如 no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until 等。例如：Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.
4、无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案。Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。当 Not until 引出主从复合句，主句倒装，从句不倒装。注意： 如否定词不在句首不倒装。例如：I have never seen such a performance.The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep.典型例题 1） Why cant I smoke here?At no time_ in the meeting-r
5、oomA. is smoking permitted B. smoking is permittedC. smoking is it permitted D. does smoking permit答案 A. 这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时，其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括 no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until 等。本题的正常语序是 Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.2） Not until the early years of
6、 the 19th century _ what heat is.A. man did know B. man know C. didnt man know D. did man know答案 D. 看到 Not until的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在 C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序为，Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将 not 提前，后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。2.2 以否定词开头作部分倒装 如 Not onlybut also, Hardly/Scarcelywhen,
7、No sooner than 等，要倒装。例如：Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender. 他没有收下礼物，还狠狠批评了送礼的人。Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。典型例题No sooner_ than it began to rain he
8、avily.A. the game began B. has the game begunC. did the game begin D. had the game begun答案 D. 以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时，一般采用倒装句（谓语前置） 。这类表示否定意义的词有 never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及 not onlybut （also）, no soonerthan, hardly when scarcely when 等等。注意：只有当 Not only but also 连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构
9、。如果置于句首的 Not only but also 仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构，如 Not only you but also I am fond of music。2.3 so, neither, nor 作部分倒装 用这些词表示“也“ 、“也不 “ 的句子要部分倒装。例如： Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。If you wont go, neither will I.你不去，我也不去。典型例题-Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?-I dont know, _.A.
10、nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案：B. nor 为增补意思“也不关心“，因此句子应倒装。 A 错在用 dont 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。 D 缺乏连词。注意：当 so 引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此“。例如：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。-Its raining hard.-So it is. 雨下得真大。是呀。2
11、.4 其他部分倒装 1） so that 句型中的 so 位于句首时，需倒装。例如：So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。2） 在某些表示祝愿的句型中。例如：May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。 3） 在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有 were, had, should 等词，可将 if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。例如：Were I you, I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。典型例题：1
12、）Not until the early years of the 19th century_ what heat is A. man did know B. man knew C. didnt man know D. did man know答案为 D. 否定词 Not 在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。2）Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted. A. didnt I realize B. did I realize C. I didnt realize D. I realize答案为 B。3） Do you know
13、Tom bought a new car?I dont know, _.A. nor dont I care B. nor do I care C. I dont care neither D. I dont care also答案为 B. 句中的 nor 引出部分倒装结构，表示 “也不“。由 so, neither, nor 引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so 用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。3. only 在句首倒装的情况 Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。 Onl
14、y after being asked three times did he come to the meeting. 叫了三次，他才来参加会议。如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。例如：Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。4. as, though 引导的倒装句 as / though 引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前（形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前） 。但需注意：1） 句首名词不能带任何冠词。2） 句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义
15、动词一起放在主语之前。例如：Great as the author was, he proved a bad model. 这位作者尽管了不起，到头来却成了一个坏榜样。注意：让步状语从句中，有 though，although 时，后面的主句不能有 but，但是 though 和 yet 可连用。1) So loudly_that every one of the Class could hear him(A) did he speak (B) did he spoke (C) spoke he (D) he spoke (答案：A)“so+形容词“, “so+副词“放于句首时, 构成倒装句,
16、句中要加助动词。选项 B 中 spoke 应用speak选项 C、D 的句式直改为倒装。 2) At the sight of the policeman, _from behind the door(A) did the boy rush out (B) the boy was rushing out (C) out rushed the boy (D) rushing out was the boy (答案：C)本题考查倒装结构。方位副词放在句首, 句子应采用完全倒装结构, 即主语和谓语彻底颠倒位置, 故答案选 c。 3) I finally got the job I dreamed a
17、boutNever in all my life_so happy!(A) did I feel (B) I felt (C) I had felt (D) had I felt (答案：A)表示否定意义的副词, 如 never, seldom, hardly, little, neither, nor 等位于句首, 句子要用部分倒装。D 答案虽有倒装, 但时态有错 , 把 D 答案改为 have felt 就对了。 4) It was_he said_disappointed me.(A) what;that (B) that;that (C) what;what (D) that;what
18、 (答案：A)原句为一个含有主语从句的主从复合句, 强调主语从句。连接代词 what 既引导主语从句, 又在从句中作 said 的宾语。原句为:“What he said disappointed me.“ 5) Not until I began to read the materials _how much time I had wasted.(A) didnt I realize (B) did I realize (C) I didnt realize (D) I realize(答案：B)解析：B。直接定位法 考点：倒装。否定词 Not 位于句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。6) Wh
19、y I have nothing to confess_you want me to say?(A) What Is It that (B) What It is that (C) How is it that (D) How it is that(答案：A)特殊疑问句的强调结构为“疑问句 +is it that , ?“ 原句为 “What do you want Me to say?“疑问代词 what 作 say 的宾语。 7) I have always been honest and straight forward, and if doesnt matter_Im talking
20、to(A) who is jt (B) who it is (C) it is who (D) it is whom (答案：B)本题考查在原句中充当宾语的强调结构, 其语序应遵循主语从句语序。此外, 此处是做介词to 的宾语, 应使用宾格关系代词 whom, 但在通常情况下, 也可使用 who 来充当宾语。 8) No sooner_ themselves in their seats in the theatre_the curtain went up.(A) they have settled; before (B) had they settled; than (C) have the
21、y settled; when (D) they had settled; than (答案：B)解析：B 该句考查 no sooner. . . than 句型, 意为“ 便“ 。no sooner 置于句首, 该句子须用倒装语序, 故答案为 B。9) It was not until that_to study English(A) he came to Beijing; he began (B) did he come to Beijing; he began (C) he came to Beijing:did he begin (D) did he come to Beijing;
22、did he begin (答案：A)本题为强调句与倒装结构的综合考查。从句式结构分析, it wasthat 为强调句型, 被强调部分为状语从句, 本句正常语序为 He didnt begin to study English until be came to Beijing, not until 放在句首时, 句子应用倒装结构, 被强调时不必倒装, 故答案选 A。 10) It_Mike and Mary who helped the old man several days ago(A) was (B) a re (C) were (D) had been(答案：A)本句为“It was.who.“强调结构, 原句的过去时态决定了强调结构的 be 动词也应用一般过去时, 且 be 动词的数应与 it 相一致。
