1、1第一章 冠词冠词可以分为定冠词（the），不定冠词（a, an），和零冠词（即不用冠词，如 Theyre students. students 前就可以说用的零冠词。Water is important. 我们可以说 water 前用的零冠词。 ）冠词的用法上可以分为：特指、独指和类指。接 1 接 冠词的特指、独指和类指接接 1. 定冠词的特指用法定冠词的特指用法：非常明确地指出何人或何物。可以分为前照应特指、后照应特指和语境特指。I. 前照应特指定冠词在前面，由后置修饰语来确定是何人何物。如：This is the book you lent me yesterday.This is th
2、e boy from England.1. _ old lady in brown is _ university professor.A. An; a B. An; / C. The; an D. The; a2. I like music, but I dont like _ music of this film.A. a B. an C. the D. /3. How was _ dinner at Mikes house?It was great. Mikes mum is _ wonderful cook.A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
3、nII. 后照应特指冠词用在后面的名词前，和前面提到的同一名词相照应。 （也就是第一次提到某物某人用不定冠词，再次提到时用定冠词。冠 词在后面照应 。）如：I bought a book yesterday. The book cost me 20 yuan.4. This is _ egg. _ egg is big.A. a; A B. an; An C. a; The D. an; The5. There is _ bridge over there. _ bridge is made of wood.A. the; The B. a; AC. the; A D. a; TheIII.
4、语境特指不是建立在上下文的照应关系上，而是建立在谈话双方共有的知识上。如：Open the door.Where is the book？6. As he reached _ front door, Jack saw _ strange sight.A. the; / B. a; the C. /；a D. the; a7. Take your timeits just _ short distance from here to _ restaurant. A. /; the B. a; the C. the; a D. /; a8. I knocked over my coffee cup.
5、 It went right over _ keyboard.You shouldnt put drinks near _ computer.A. the; / B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a9. I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a接接 2. 独指：指世上
6、独一无二的事定冠词的独指用法：世界上独一无二的事物前，要用定冠词。如：the sun, the moon, the earth, the world, the universe, etc.10. We can see _ sun and _ moon in _ picture. A. a; the; the B. the; a; the C. a; the; a D. the; the; the11. Its _ pleasure to see _ sun rising in _ east.A. /; the; / B. a; /; / C. a; the; the D. /; the; th
7、e接接 3. 类指I. 可数名词表示类指时，有三种情况。A horse is a domestic（ 家养的）animal.= The horse is a domestic animal.= Horses are domestic animals.但是这三种类指方法各有侧重:the 指的是整个类别， 这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的 (多用于谈论发明物和科技问题)。如：The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not. 罗盘是在中国发明的，但计算机不是。a(n )侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如：A cat has fou
8、r legs.不用冠词的复数名词侧重指类别中的许多个体。如：Children usually start walking at around one year old.Do you like horses? 你喜欢马吗 ？(不能说 Do you like a horse?)在类指时如何使用冠词要根据所要表达内容的具体情况而定。The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct. (不能说 “A tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.”。濒临灭绝 指的是整个虎类，而不是任何一只老虎都面临灭绝的危险。)12. _ are v
9、ery popular with people all over the world, but do you know who was it that invented _ telephone?A. The telephone; / B. Telephone; a C. The telephones; the D. Telephones; the13. _ trains are faster than _ buses.A. /; / B. The; / C. /; the D. The; a14. The Smiths dont like staying at _ hotels, but la
10、st summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by _ sea.A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a15. _ is known by its note, _ is known by his talk.A. A bird; a man B. One bird; one man C. The bird; the man D. Bird; man16. It is generally accepted that _ boy must learn to stand up and fight like
11、 _ man. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; /17. In China, _ car is becoming _ popular means of transportation.A. the; a B. a; / C. the; the D. a; the18. The invention of _ wheel is a great contribution to _ man. A. the; / B. / ; / C. a; the D. / ; the19. The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which gro
12、ws to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building.A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a II. 不可数名词泛指时不用冠词，特指时用定冠词Water is a liquid. 水是液体。Music is an art. 音乐是艺术。The water in the bottle goes bad. 20. Money plays an important role in _ material world. But expecting _ money to give happines
13、s may be missing the meaning of life.A. a; the B. the; / C./; / D. the; the21. Since he has no sense of _ humor, Im sure he didnt catch _ humor in your remarks. A. /; the B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a22. It is known to all that _ light travels faster than _ sound. A. /; / B. a; a C. the; the D. the; /
14、23. Its _ good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them 3_ pleasureA. /; a B. a; / C. the; a D. a; the 24. Have you heard _ news？The price of _ petrol is going up again!A. the; the B. /; the C. the; / D. /; /25. Sarah looked at _ finished painting with _ satisfaction. A.
15、/; a B. a; the C. the; / D. the; a26. India attained _ independence in 1947, after _ long struggle.A. /; a B. the; a C. an; / D. an; the链接：抽象名词前面不用冠词泛指时侧重于表达一种概念。如上面题中的 attain independence, with satisfaction 表达的是 “获得独立”这个概念，并不是强调获得哪次独立。在可数名词中，go to school 去上学， be in hospital 在住院；而 go to the school 去
16、那所学校（不一定是去上学）， be in the hospital 在那家医院（不一定是生病）。我们可以看出，不管是可数名词还是抽象名词，不用冠词时可以表示概念，用定冠词时表示特指。接接 4. 名词有修饰语时，前面不一定都用定冠词I like books with hard covers. 我喜欢精装书。I like the books with hard covers. 我 喜 欢 那 些 精 装 书 。在第一句中，books 是泛指精装书这一类书。在第二句中，是特指，所以用定冠词。在第一句中，with hard covers 是描绘性定语。在第二句中，with hard covers 是限
17、定性定语，指的是那些书中精装的那些，而不是别的。限制性定语：指 of 引导的定语或某些定语从句，他们限制名词的意义，是指特定的内容，和它相对的则是描绘型定 语（这种定语只描绘，不限定意思）：名词被限制性定语修饰时，前面用定冠词；被描绘性定语修饰时，不用定冠词。She cared little for social life. 她对社交生活不太感兴趣。(social 为描绘性定语)He has always been interested in classical music. 他一向喜欢古典音乐。（classical 为描绘性定语）This is the book you want. 这是你想
18、要的那本书。（you want 为 限制性定语）This is a book you must read. 这是一本你必须要读的书。（you must read 为描绘性定语）27. Most animals have little connection with _ animals of _ different kind unless they kill them for food. A. the; a B. /; a C. the; the D. /; the28. The development of industry has been _ gradual process through
19、out _ human existence from stone tools to modern technology. A. /; the B. the; a C. a; / D. a; a 29. Many lifestyle patterns do such _ great harm to health that they actually speed up _ weakening of the human body.A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; /30. On _ news today, there were _ reports of heavy
20、snow in that area. A. the; the B. the; / C. /; / D. /; the31. As a consequence，_ fruits such as peaches and pears are in fact related, although they are different at _ first sight.A. the; the B. /; the C. /; / D. the; /接 2 接 不定冠词 a，an 的基本用法接接 1. a, an 的选择用 a 还是用 an, 关键是看 该单词音标中第一个音素是元音音素 还是辅音音素。Ther
21、e is _ “u” in the word “use”. 这里用 a。因为字母 u 的读音为 ， 为辅音音素。在 26 个字母前：用 a 的有 14 个：b, c, d, g, j, k, p, q, t, u, v, w, y, z；用 an 的有 12 个：a, e, i, o; f, l, m, n, s, x; h, r 。分类记为： 元音字母（4 个）：a, e, i, o 字母读音中第一个音素为 （6 个）：f , l , m , n , s , x 字母读音中第一个音素为 （1 个）：h 字母读音中第一个音素为 (1 个)：r an honest boy an hour an
22、honor_ “M” _ “N” _ “L” (an)_ ugly man (an)_ university student (a)_ European car (a)_ 800-word-long composition (an) _180-metre-long road (a)1. Mr. Taylor has _ 8-year-old daughter who is _ girl for painting she has won two nation prizes.A. a; a B. an; the C. an; a D. the; a2. Susan, _ university st
23、udent from Europe, teaches me _ art in her spare time.A. an; / B. a; the C. a; / D. an; the3. A little boy wrote _ “U” and _ “n” on the wall.A. a; an B. an; a C. an; an D. a; a4. Now he is _ artist. I have known him since he was _ one-year-old boy.A. a; an B. a; a C. an; an D. an; a5. The Wilsons li
24、ve in _ A-shaped house near the coast. It is _ 17th century cottage.A. the; / B. an; the C. /; the D. an; a 接接 2. a/an 有表示“每一个 ”之意， 这时不能用 one 替换6. The train is running fifty miles _.A. an hour B. one hour C. the hour D. a hour7. The new D-type trains can run at speeds of 200 to 250 kilometers _ hour
25、. The trip from Shanghai to Beijing only takes 10 hours now. A. a B. an C. the D. /接接 3. help, success, honor, must, wonder, failure, wonder 表示具体意义时抽象名词前一般不用任何冠词，但表示具体意义的“ 的人或事”时是可数名词，其前用不定冠词。如：He is a success as a writer. He is a great help to me.8. Mr. Smith told us that _ gold medal his son had g
26、ot was considered _ great honor to the whole family.A. the; / B. the; a C. a; a D. a; the9. Dont you think it _ surprise that a German cannot speak _ German language?A. /; the B. a; the C. a; / D. /; the10. How about _ Christmas evening party? I should say it was _ success.A. a; a B. the; a C. a; /
27、D. the; /11. I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. 5A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the12. Being able to afford _ drink would be _ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; a 13. _ on-going division between English-speaking Canadians and French-s
28、peaking Canadians is _ major concern of the country.A. The; / B. The; a C. An; the D. An; /接接 4. 用在某些物质名词或抽象名词前表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”如：Thats a green tea. 那是一种绿茶。 They were caught in a heavy rain. Its a great pleasure to have a talk with you.14. What would you like, sir? _.A. Two cups coffee B. Two cups
29、of coffees C. Two coffees D. Two cup of coffees接接 5. 用在一些专有名词和一些本身前面要用定冠词的名词前，表示某一方面In four minutes he was met by an anxious Miss Cramb.四分钟之后，焦急的克朗姆小姐向他迎来。不定冠词用于专有名词前，表示某个时期或具有某种特征的人或物。此时， 专有名词常有前置修饰性定语。( 答疑 qq 329950885)再如：She is now a different Miss Nancy from what she was when she was my neighbor
30、.她现在已不是与我为邻时的那个南希小姐了。15. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that _ people from all walks of life are working hard for _ new Jiangsu.A. /; a B. /;the C. the; a D. the; the 16. We can never expect _ bluer sky unless we create _ less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the;
31、the接接 6. 用在人名或星期前，表示“某一”， 相当于 a certain不定冠词用于人名或星期几之前，表示说话者对所谈及的人或时间把握不大，不知道到底是谁或哪个星期几。此 时的不定冠词相当于 one 或 a certain。17. Can I speak to Mr. Green?Sorry. There isnt _ Mr. Smith here.A. / B. a C. the D. an18. I know _ John Lennon, but not _ famous one . A. /; a B. a; the C. /; the D. the; a19. I cant re
32、member when exactly the Robinsons left _ city. I only remember it was _ Monday.A. The; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a接接 7. 用在人名、地名等前面，相当于汉语中的“借代”修辞手法He is a Shakespeare in his dramatic skill.在戏剧技巧方面他可以说是莎翁再世。用于人名、地名、书名之前，表示所提及的人或物与 专有名词所指的人或物具有相同的性质。20. Experts think that _ recently discovered pain
33、ting may be _ Picasso. A. the; / B. a; the C. a; / D. the; a 接接 8. be of an (a) age /size /height /shape /color /weight /type /price 等表示“相同的”Those windows are of a size. 这些窗户大小相同。Those windows are of the same size.They are nearly of an age. 他们基本同龄。They are nearly of the same age.21. These two Christ
34、mas trees are of _size, but the one they bought yesterday is maybe twice _size of them.A. the; the B. a; the C. a; a D. the; a接 3 接 定冠词 the 的基本用法接接 1. 与序数词和最高级连用在表达“一年 级” 时，我们可以说：Grade One 或 the first grade。可以看出：用基数词表示名称时，基数词放在名词后面，名词前面不用冠词，且名 词和基数词都要大写；用序数词表示名称时，序数词放在名词前面，序数词前要用冠词，序数 词和名词都小写。1. Pap
35、er money was in _ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in _ thirteenth century. A. the; / B. the; the C./; the D. /; /2. He is a student of _.A. class First B. the class one C. Class One D. First Class3. We were so late getting to the theatre that we missed most of _.A. the act first B.
36、Act One C. act first D. first act4. He lived in _.A. the room 105 B. the 105 room C. the 105 of the room D. Room 105接接 2. 表示乐器类名词前用定冠词球类、棋类等运动类名词前不用冠词, 而乐器类名称前要用定冠 词。有人想了 这个办法，“搞体育的人总是衣冠不齐（没有冠词），而搞音乐的人衣冠整齐（有冠词）。5. Tina，could you please play _ piano for me while Im singing？With pleasure.A. a B. an C.
37、 the D. /6. He can play almost every kind of music instrument but he is good _.A. at the flute B. at flute C. at a flute D. at that flute接接 3. 与形容词或分词连用, 指一类人the poor the rich the oldthe young the wounded the uneducatedthe injured the Chinese the Japanese有时也可表示具体的某个或某些。如：The wounded was a young boy.
38、7. He wrote _ song, which turned out to be rather popular with _ young.A. the; the B. a; / C. a; the D. the; /8. The investigators found that more should be done for _ in India.A. those poor B. a poor C. poor D. the poor9. The young nurse is kind to _ ill in the hospital.A. a B. an C. / D. the10. Th
39、e living carried away the dead and the healthy helped _. A. the ill B. the wounded C. the brave D. the rich接接 4. 与姓氏复数名词连用, 表示某某一家人，或某某夫妇The Whites are chatting. 怀特一家人正在聊天.11. _ usually go to church every Sunday.A. The Brown B. A Brown C. Browns D. The Browns12. Who did you spend last weekend with?_
40、. A. Palmers B. The Palmers C. The Palmers D. The Palmers接接 5. 由两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名称，一般要用定冠词沙漠河流与群山，列岛海峡与海湾, 阶级党派国家名，组织团体与机关。（可以概括为“ 政党定江山 ”，也就是说表示“政党” 和“江山”一类的前面要用“ 定”冠词。有点7琐碎，也可不记，仅用来参考。 ）注意：the 与山脉名词连用 ; 在表示山或山峰的名词前一般不用冠词, 如 Mount Tai 。但是在山脉的复数之前需要加 the。如: the Alps （阿尔卑斯山）江河海洋：the Changjiang River, t
41、he Suez Canal, the Pacific Ocean山脉群岛：the Tianshan Mountains, the Alps, the Zhoushan Archipelago海峡海湾：the English Channel, the Taiwan Straits国名：the United States, the United Kingdom, the Peoples Republic of China组织：the United Nations, the Ministry of Education, the No.2 Army Medical College建筑物：the Nat
42、ional Gallery, the Peace Hotel, the Workers Gymnasium报纸、期刊：The Washington Post, the Daily Mail标牌：the No.10 bus但：街道、广场、公园、车站机场、 桥梁、大学等一般不用定冠词。（可以概括为“ 城市设施” 类 。）街道：Nanjing Road, Fleet Street 广场：Tiananmen Square, Times Square公园：Beihai Park, Hyde Park车站、机场、 桥梁：Paddington Station, Kennedy Airport, Golden
43、 Gate Bridge大学：Qinghua University, Yale University13. They sailed along _ Yellow River for two weeks before they arrived _ home.A. /; / B. the; / C. the; the D. /; the14. As is know to all, _ Peoples Republic of China is _ biggest developing country in the world. A. the; / B. /; the C. the; the D. /
44、; /15. From the top of _ Empire State Building, you could see up to _ distance of 130 kilometers on a clear day.A. the; the B. /; a C. an; the D. the; a16. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _ Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _ thirteenth century.A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the接接 6. 用在年
45、代、朝代、时代名词前the Tang Dynasty, the Spring and Autumn Period, in the 1870s 在 19 世纪 70 年代注意：in modern times, in the old days17. We are said to be living in _ Information Age, _ time of new discoveries and great changes.A. an; the B. /; the C. /; a D. the; a 18. Scientists hope to send an expedition to Ma
46、rs during _.A. the 1990s B. the 1990 C. 1990s D. 1990s接接 7. 用在“by + the+单 位名词”结构中, 表示 “以 单位计”The apples are sold by the kilo. 这些苹果按公斤卖。The workers are paid by the hour. 19. Apples are usually sold by _ weight, and eggs are sometimes sold by _ dozen.A. the; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a20. How did
47、you pay the workers?As a rule, they are paid _.A. by an your B. by the hour C. by a hour D. by hours21. Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _ year.Right, he will also get paid by _ week.A. the; the B. a; the C. the; a D. a; a接接 8. hit/ strike /pull /seize /lead /catch+ sb. + by +the +部位The stone hit him in the face. I hit Tom on the nose/shoulder/head.He struc
