1、 微信扫描二维码关注启航考研（qh_kaoyan）考研自学平台 咋学微信号： 咋学网（zaxueapp）How siestas help memory 午睡怎样增进记忆力 2010.02.25 The EconomistMAD dogs and Englishmen, so the song has it, go out in the midday sun. And the business practices of Englands lineal descendant, America, will have you in the office from nine in the morning
2、 to five in the evening, if not longer. Much of the world, though, prefers to take a siesta. And research presented to the AAAS meeting in San Diego suggests it may be right to do so. It has already been established that those who siesta are less likely to die of heart disease. Now, Matthew Walker a
3、nd his colleagues at the University of California, Berkeley, have found that they probably have better memory, too. A post-prandial snooze, Dr Walker has discovered, sets the brain up for learning.The role of sleep in consolidating memories that have already been created has been understood for some
4、 time. Dr Walker has been trying to extend this understanding by looking at sleeps role in preparing the brain for the formation of memories in the first place. He was particularly interested in a type of memory called episodic memory, which relates to specific events, places and times. This contras
5、ts with procedural memory, of the skills required to perform some sort of mechanical task, such as driving. The theory he and his team wanted to test was that the ability to form new episodic memories deteriorates with accrued wakefulness, and that sleep thus restores the brains capacity for efficie
6、nt learning.They asked a group of 39 people to take part in two learning sessions, one at noon and one at 6pm. On each occasion the participants tried to memorise and recall 100 combinations of pictures and names. After the first session they were assigned randomly to either a control group, which r
7、emained awake, or a nap group, which had 100 minutes of monitored sleep.Those who remained awake throughout the day became worse at learning. Those who napped, by contrast, actually improved their capacity to learn, doing better in the evening than they had at noon. These findings suggest that sleep
8、 is clearing the brains short-term memory and making way for new information.The benefits to memory of a nap, says Dr Walker, are so great that they can equal an entire nights sleep. He warns, however, that napping must not be done too late in the day or it will interfere with night-time sleep. More
9、over, not everyone awakens refreshed from a siesta.The grogginess that results from an unrefreshing siesta is termed “sleep inertia”. This happens when the brain is woken from a deep sleep with its cells still firing at a slow rhythm and its temperature and blood flow decreased. Sara Mednick, from t
10、he University of California, San Diego, suggests that non-habitual nappers suffer from this more often than those who siesta regularly. It may be that those who have a tendency to wake up groggy are choosing not to siesta in the first place. Perhaps, though, as in so many things, it is practice that
11、 makes perfect.考研词汇descendantdsndnt n.子孙，后代微信扫描二维码关注启航考研（qh_kaoyan）考研自学平台 咋学微信号： 咋学网（zaxueapp）真题例句 But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.2000 年阅读 2例句精译 但是，不管我们的子孙后代对我们离乌托邦的理想境界还差多远感到有多么惊讶，他们的样子会同我们差不了多少。consolidateknsldet v.巩固，加强deterio
12、ratedtriret v.（使）恶化， （使）变坏真题例句 But particularly when viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.2006 年阅读 1例句精译 但是单从美国动荡不安的历史来看，现在的社会指数所展现的社会环境谈不上是黑暗和日趋恶化的。assign san v.分配，委派；指定（时间，地点等）真题例句 As the interaction between organism and
13、environment has come to be understood, however, effects once assigned () to states of mind, feelings, and traits are beginning to be traced to accessible conditions, and a technology of behavior may therefore become available.2002 年翻译例句精译 然而，随着人们开始逐渐了解有机体和环境之间的相互作用，以前曾被认为是影响因素如心态、情感及其特征开始从可利用的条件去追求其
14、来源，因此，有可能成为一种研究行为的技术手段。interferentfr v.（ in）干涉，干预；（with）妨碍，打扰真题例句 It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere () in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage.2000 年翻译例句精译 这也意味着：政府不得不逐渐加大对这些部门的干预力度，以便提高生产率，确保生产率发挥最佳效益。
15、真题例句 The words used by the speaker may (44：stir up) unfavorable reactions in the listener (45：which) interfere () with his comprehension; hence, the transmission-reception system breaks down .1994 年完形例句精译 说话的人所采用的言语可能激起了听者不愉快的反应，这种反应阻止了他的微信扫描二维码关注启航考研（qh_kaoyan）考研自学平台 咋学微信号： 咋学网（zaxueapp）进一步理解；因此，传输
16、-接收系统就终止了。habitualhbtul a.习惯的，惯常的真题例句 (64) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.2004 年翻译例句精译 (64)Whorf 对语言与思维的关系很感兴趣，逐渐形成了这样的观点：在一个社会中，语言的结构决定习惯思维的结构。背景常识介绍德 国 的
17、 研 究 者 坎 贝 尔 认 为 ， 睡 眠 周 期 是 由 大 脑 控 制 的 ， 随 着 年 龄 的 增 长 而 发 生 某 种 变化 ； 同 时 发 现 ， 午 休 是 自 然 睡 眠 周 期 的 一 个 部 分 。 佛 罗 里 达 大 学 的 一 位 睡 眠 研 究 专 家 说 ，午 休 已 经 逐 渐 演 化 成 为 人 类 自 我 保 护 的 方 式 。 最 初 ， 午 休 可 能 只 是 人 们 为 了 躲 避 正 午 的烈 日 ， 后 来 逐 渐 变 成 一 种 习 惯 . 近期，美国神经学专家研究发现，午睡有助促进人的复杂记忆，使思维更开阔、更具创造性。参考译文正如一首歌里唱
18、到的“只有疯狗和英国人会正午时分顶着太阳外出” 。而在英国人的直系后裔美国人的公司，商业惯例是让你朝九晚五地呆在办公室里，甚至更长时间。但是世界上大部分人还是更喜欢来个午觉。一份提交到在圣迭戈举行的 AAAS 科学年会的报告中说：这么做是正确的。有午睡习惯的人很少有死于心脏类疾病的这个已成定论。现在，马修沃克和他在加利福尼亚大学伯克利分校的同事发现这些人很可能记忆力也会比其他人好。沃克博士发现，午餐之后打个小盹会让头脑更清醒，学习更高效。人们早已知道睡眠能够巩固已建立的记忆。沃克正在试图扩展这一认识，他的办法是观察睡眠在大脑记忆形成的初始阶段扮演的角色。他的兴趣在一种叫做“事件记忆”的记忆上，
19、这种记忆与时间、地点和次数相关联。和这种记忆模式相反的是“程序记忆”，即记住那种完成机械任务所需的技能，例如开车。他和他的团队想验证的理论是：一个人随着清醒状态的加深，其形成新的“事件记忆”的能力就会减弱；还有，睡觉因此就能恢复大脑高效学习的能力。他们找来 39 个人来参加两个时间段的学习一个在中午，一个在晚上 6 点。在每段时间的学习中，参与者都要努力去记住并且回忆 100 组图片和名字的组合。在第一个时间段的学习过后，参与者被任意安排到两组：一组是“受控制组”必须一直保持清醒；一组是“打盹儿组”有 100 分钟的睡觉时间，期间全程监控。从头到尾一直保持清醒的那群人的学习效果变差了。而那些小
20、睡的人则相反他们提高了学习能力，在晚上的表现要优于中午。这些发现表明睡觉清理了短期记忆，为吸收新信息铺平了道路。微信扫描二维码关注启航考研（qh_kaoyan）考研自学平台 咋学微信号： 咋学网（zaxueapp）沃克博士说，小睡对于记忆的好处非常大，甚至抵得过一整夜的睡眠。但是他也建议白天的小睡不应睡得太晚，否则会影响夜间的睡眠。除此之外，也并不是所有人都能在午睡之后精神充沛的。因午睡而引起的不清醒状态被称作“睡眠惰性”，发生在大脑从深睡中醒来时，这个时候，脑细胞仍然在慢节奏律动，大脑温度低，血流速度缓慢。圣迭戈的加利福尼亚大学的萨拉麦德尼克说，没有午睡习惯的人和有规律午睡的人比起来更容易发生这种情形。也可能正因为如此，那些醒来容易头脑晕沉的人，在一开始就不选择午睡。但是，也许只有多多午睡，才能少少头晕。熟能生巧嘛！万事同理。
