1、现在完成时态是中考的必考时态，由于现在完成时态既涉及到过去，又联系到现在，和一般过去时态，一般现在时态，现在进行时态既有联系，又有区别，所以同学们掌握起来比较困难。,完成时态的用法,（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用。例如： I have never heard of that before. Have you ever ridden a horse? She has already finished the work. Have yo
2、u milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. Ive just lost my science book. 有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。,构成,助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词 注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。,2.现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等,一段时间的表达
3、方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years,Since 过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week一般过去时态的时间状语从句since you came since you got home.,注意:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间.,He has been away since last week.,He has been away for one week.,对划线部分提问都用How long,（3） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别：
4、have / has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。 have / has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 试比较：He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。（人已走，不在这儿）。,一般过去时与现在完成时之比较,1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2）过去时常与具体的时间状语
5、连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语有：yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。 共同的时间状语有：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。 现在完成时的时间状语有：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always,
6、等不确定的时间状语。,请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：,I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。）She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了。）He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
7、 注意：句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。例如： （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.,结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.,1.直接用延续性动词buy catch(get) a cold borrow Come/go /become put on-,2.转换成be+名词join the ar
8、my Join the Party go to school,Have,have a cold,keep,be,wear,be a soldier,be a Party member,be a student,3转换成be+形容词或副词die finish begin leavebe away fall sleep be asleep close be closed,4.转换成 be+介词短语go to school be in school join the army be in the army,1.我们买这本书三年了.,We have had the book for three yea
9、rs.,2.他感冒三天了.,He has had a cold for three days.,We bought the book three years ago.,He caught a cold three days ago.,一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句,be dead,be over,be on,3.自从上星期我借的这本书,I have kept the book since last week.,4.我成为一个学生两年多了.,I have been a student for over two years.,I borrowed the book last week.,
10、I became a student two years ago.,5.Mr Black死了三年了。,Mr Black has been dead for three years.,Mr Black died three years ago.,6.小名参军半年了。,Xiao Ming has been a soldier for half a year.,Xiao Ming joined the army half a year ago.,7.我们上了8年学了。,We have been students for eight years.,8.下课10分钟了,The class has bee
11、n over for ten minutes.,9.电影开始了一小时了,The film has been on for an hour.,注：含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。 She has worked for ten years. . . .,She began to work ten years ago,She has worked since ten years ago.,It is ten years since she began to work,Ten years has passed since she began to work,Exercises,Youve nev
12、er seen such a wonderful film before, _? A havent you B have you C do you D dont you 2. -Ann has gone to Shanghai.-So _ her parents. 3. I have watched the game.-When _ you _ it? A have watched B do watch C did watch D will watch,4. Mr. Green _ in China since five years ago. A lived B has lived C liv
13、es D is going to live 5. His grandma _ for two years. A died B has been dead C was dead D has died,6. Where is Han Mei now?- She _ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days. A has gone B has been C goes D had gone 7. -_ to the United Stated ?- No, never,but I went to Canada a few years ago,8. You ha
14、vent changed your mind,_? A do you B are you C have you D did you,9. How long have you _ the football team of the school? A been on B been at C joined D played 10. -Where have you _ these days?- I have _ to Dazhu with my friends. A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone 11. How long have you _ this book? A bought B borrowed C had D lent 12. Excuse me, _ you seen the film yet?- Yes, I _ it last night. A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw 13. He has never ridden a horse before,_? A is he B isnt C hasnt D has he,
