1、高考主谓一致秘笈（二轮复习专项练习）主谓一致理论知识一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My f
2、amily are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书 20 美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型
3、 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。M
4、ore than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0 英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0 英里并不是一段很长的距离。Five minus four is one. 5 减 4 等于 1。 5. 主语是 each/ev
5、ery+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is go
6、od for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。 A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有 with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。 Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲
7、去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由 and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但 and 所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is
8、coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police 等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team 等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV.
9、我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词 somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, all(代指人用单数，代指物用复数)nobody, no one, nothing 作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，
10、谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如 news, maths, physics 等，No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由 bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由 or, eitheror， neithernor,
11、not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果 either, each, neither 作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16.
12、如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.但 a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而 the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the student
13、s is over eight houndred17.用 half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时，谓语动词通常与 of 后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。18以 here，there 开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致There is a bo
14、ok and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 19. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式；表示物或者抽象概念时，用单数形式.The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定与否定一致下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money).I was talking to so
15、meone. I wasnt talking to anyone.They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us.He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet.Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either.Both of us are going. Neither of us are going.He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代
16、词结构中须用倒装语序。My wife like classic music very much and so do I.She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.掌握技巧：记住下面的例句- Tom runs fast.- So he does. So do you.热身练习题：1. Either Jane or Steven _ watching TV now. A. were B. is C. was D. are 2. Two days _enough for me to finish the work, I need a third day. A. is
17、nt B. is C. arent D. are 3. How many lessons do you usually have a day? Six lessons a day. And each of them _45 minutes. A. last B. lasts C. have D. are 4. Neither Liping nor I _a basketball player. A. am B. is C. be D. are 5. There _ many new words in lesson one. It is very easy. A. is B. arent C.
18、isnt D. are 6. The number of the students in our school _1200. A. is B. are C. has D. have 7. Maths _ my favourite subject. A. be B. is C. am D. are 8. The boy with the two dogs _ when the earthquake rocked the city. A. were sleeping B. is sleeping C. was sleeping D. are sleeping 9. Every one except
19、 Tom and John _there when the meeting began. A. are B. is C. were D. was 10. That place is not interesting at all, _of us wants to go there. A. Neither B. Both C. All D. Some 11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have know D. is 12. Whats on the plate? some eggs and cakes on it? Ther
20、e _some eggs and cakes on it. A. is B. are C. was D. were 13. This pair of glasses _mine. A. are B. be C. is D. will be 14. Both Lily and Lucy _ to the party yesterday. A. invited B. was invited C. had invited D. were invirted 15. Two months _quite a long time. Yes, Im afraid that he will miss lots
21、of his lessons. A. is B. are C. was D. were 16. In the city the old _. A. take good care of B. are taken good care of C. is taken good care of D. are been taken good care of 17. His family _all very kind and friendly, His family _a happy one. A. are,is B. is,is C. are,are D. is,are 18. The singer an
22、d the dancer _come to Beijing. A. has B. have C. are D. is 19. The children in this class each _new school bag. A. have B. has C. has got D. are having 20. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were 21. If Bobs wife wont agree to go on holiday in winter, .A.neither he will B. neit
23、her wont he C. neither will he D. he wont neither22. I havent finished my homework yet. A. so has he B. Neither he has C. He has too D. He hasnt either23. “Im going to visit the Lu Gou Bridge tomorrow.” “ .”A. I am so B. So am I C. So go I D. So I go24. You as well as he to blame(责备) for the acciden
24、t（交通事故）.A. are B. is C. have D. has25. Neither my wife nor I myself able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am提高练习题：1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A. am B. be C. is D. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.A. has B. have C. had D. is having3. E
25、very means _ tried but without much result.A. has been B. have been C. are D. is4. There _ in this room.A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnituresC. are too much furnitures D. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.A. were B. are C. was D. be6. Not only I but
26、also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A. am B. is C. are D. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A. is B. are C. has D. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.A. attends B. attend C. are attending D. have attended9. _ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the students B. B
27、oth the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the students D. Not the students but the teacher10. - “_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”-“I suppose so.”A. Will be B. Is C. Are D. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A. are B. has C. is D. were12. Most of his savings _
28、in the Xin Hua Bank.A. has been kept B. is being kept C. have kept D. have been kept13. All that can be done _.A. has done B. has been done C. have done D. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _.A. is missing B. has been missed C. are missing D. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed
29、.A. have been B. are C. has been D. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A. have realized B. has realize C. have been realized D. has been realized17. The gas works _ near the city.A. is B. are C. were D. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.A. is B. are C
30、. was D. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A. has argued B. has been arguing C. have argued D. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A. is B. was C. are D. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.A. grazes B. is
31、 grazing C. was grazing D. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.A. is B. are C. was D. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.A. is B. are C. were D. have been24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.A. lies B. lie C. lay D. lays25. Mary is one of the g
32、irls who _ always on time.A. is B. am C. are D. was26. Tom is the only one of the stall members who _ to be promoted.A. is going B. are going C. has been going D. have been going27. What caused the accident _ on the road.A. were stone B. were stones C. was stone D. was stones28. Whisky and soda _ hi
33、s favorite drink.A. is B. are C. were D. have been29. _ is to attend our evening.A. both the singer and the dancer B. Either the singer or dancersD. The singer or dancers D. The singer and dancer30. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came.A. had B. has been having C. are having D. we
34、re having 31. No one except two students _ the meeting.A. has been late for B. have been late for C. was late for D. were later for32. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A. am going B. is going C. are going D. was going33. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.A. a
35、re B. were C. is D. was34. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.A. have arrived B. are arriving C. had arrived D. has arrived35. A number of cars _ in front of the parkA. is parked B. was parked C. are parked D. has parked36. the number of articles published on smoking _ amazing.A. is B.
36、are C. were D. have been37. The majority of doctors _ smoking is harmful to health.A. are believed B. had believed C. has believed D. believe38. The majority of the damage _ easy to repair.A. is B. are C. were D. be39. Four-fifths of the crop _.A. are ruined B. was ruined C. were ruined D. have been
37、 ruined40. Three-fourths of the buildings _.A. was destroyed B. is destroyed C. were destroyed D. has been destroyed41. Early to bed and early to rise _ a man healthy, happy and wise.A. making B. to make C. make D. makes42. Mathematics _ the language of science.A. is B. has been C. are D. have been4
38、3. The young _ the vital forces in our society.A. is B. has been C. are D. have been44. Every man, woman and child _ some history, enough at least, to survive in the world.A. knows B. know C. is known D. are known45. None of them _ my friends.A. is B. are C. was D. has been 46. Not only the whole na
39、tion, but the whole Europe , indeed the whole human society _ to alter its attitude to racial problems.A. need B. needs C. has a need D. have a need47. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems.A. involve B. involves C. involving D. to involve 48. In that country, the rich _ richer, th
40、e poor, poorer. A. become B. has become C. becomes D. is becoming49. The project requires more labor than _ because it is extremely difficult.A. has been put in B. have been put in C. being put in D. to be put in 50. Not one in one hundred children exposed to the disease _ likely to develop it.A. sh
41、ould be B. must be C. is D. are热身练习题答案：1.B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5.B 6.A 7.B 8. C 9. D 10. A 11.B 12.B 13.C 14. D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20. D21.C 22. D 23. B 24. A 25. D提高练习题答案：1.C 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.C 7.B 8.D 9.C 10.B11.C 12.D 13.B 14.C 15.C 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.D 20.C21.D 22.B 23.A 24.A 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.A 29.D 30.D31.C 32.C 33.C 34.D 35.C 36.A 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.C41.D 42.D 43.C 44.A 45.B 46.B 47.B 48.A 49.A 50.C
