1、Xupeisen110 高中英语第 1 页 共 12 页非谓语动词疑点、难点复习非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(ing)、现在分词(ing)与过去分词(ed) 。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。所以，要正确使用非谓语形式，一定要充分理解不同形式所表现的意义，要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动(或状态)” ，所表示的动作是“过去”、“现在”还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表示的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。一、不定式和动名词作主语1. 【翻译句子】哭是没有用的。_It is no use, no goo
2、d (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time) doing sth.二、不定式和动名词作宾语2. 【例句观察】你介意我看下你的报纸吗？Do you mind my / me reading your paper?她不喜欢 Mary 那样说话。She doesnt like Mary / Marys talking that way. 动名词作宾语时，可以带逻辑主语。此时，带逻辑主语既可以是物主代词或名词的所有格，也可以是人称代词宾格和名词的普通格。3. 【例句观察】I regret not having taken her advice. (not 须放在
3、 having 前) They couldnt stand being treated like that. 他们不能忍受被那样对待。He decided to help me but I pretended to have finished my job. 他决定帮助我但是我假装已经完成我的工作了。作宾语的动名词和不定式除了一般式和主动式，还有完成式、被动式。完成式表示该动作比谓语动词动作先发生。常见的带不定式作宾语的动词如下：(利用口诀进行记忆，事实上，口诀内的动词后跟动词不定式，几乎都有将来意味。建议要记牢口诀。想要干 want, wish, hope, expect, seek, at
4、tempt, aim, claim，would like / love, desire, swear早打算 plan, prepare, mean, arrange同意否 agree, promise, undertake, offer, choose, refuse, affordXupeisen110 高中英语第 2 页 共 12 页问问看 ask, beg，(ask to do 要求做)决定了 decide, determine / be determined, make up ones mind尽力干 try, manage(反义词 fail), struggle, strive别装蒜
5、 pretend介词以及少数动词(“动词不定式口诀 ”以外的动词) 和词组后只能用动名词作宾语： admit，dislike，appreciate，avoid，enjoy，bear(忍受) ，envy，cant help(不禁) ，delay，escape, cant stand(受不了)，deny，excuse(借口)，consider(考虑)，fancy，mind ，miss(错过)，mention, finish，pardon，resist，forgive ，imagine ，risk，practise ，suggest( 建议) ，keep，quit ，put off, give up
6、, feel like, be worth, setabout, burst out, be / get / become used to(习惯于), look forward to, pay attention to, devoteto, lead to, stick to, get close to, object to, contribute to, get down to, be equal to(能胜任), turn to( 求助于)等。 例如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two yea
7、rs ago. He used to be late for work, but now he has been used to getting up early. 4. 【完成例句】 老师建议采取不同的方法。_动词 advise / allow / permit / forbid 后跟 doing，也可跟 sb. to do。5. 【完成例句】 路被落叶覆盖住了，它们需要被清理。The road is covered with some fallen trees and they _ 6. need, require, want, deserve doing / to be done 表示被
8、动意义。【翻译句子】 Thank you for reminding me，_非常感谢你提醒我，否则我就会忘记去寄信的。【注意】不定式和动名词作宾语时还有一些固定句型：There is no use (good/ point/sense /harm)doing sth. 做某事没用 (不好 / 没意义 / 没害处)have difficulty /trouble / problem / a hard time / a good time / fun (in)doing Xupeisen110 高中英语第 3 页 共 12 页spend / waste / lose time (in) doin
9、g sth. 【疑难 1】I think youll grow to like him when you know him better. come / become / grow / get to like / love / realize / understand / know 等表示心理活动的过程，意为“渐渐地喜欢上 / 意识到 / 懂了 / 知道了”7. 【完成例句】Last night I did nothing but _(看电视).The doctor told him nothing _(戒烟)do / did / doesnothing/anything/everything
10、 but(except)动词原形，如果谓语动词不是 do / did / does，but(except)，所跟的不定式须带 to。8. 【例句观察】When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help but believe that the public will appreciate his gift. can not (help / choose)but do，can do nothing but do，have no choice / alternative to do 表示“不得不”。 9. 【例句观察】We
11、dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind. I dont mind there being a chair here. There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself. there be 的非谓语形式：作动词 expect，like ，mean ，intend ，want ，prefer，hate 宾语时，通常用 there to be结构，在 mind, object to 等后面用 there being。作状语多用 there being 结构。10. 【完成例句】工人
12、们被告知他们按小时计酬。What the workers have been told is that they _.除 be done 外，get, become, look, seem, appear, remain 等系动词都可跟 done。如 remain seated / hidden， get paid/dressed / changed / stuck / hurt / injured / burnt 等。11.【完成例句】他一直沉迷于电脑游戏，所以他得不了好成绩。Xupeisen110 高中英语第 4 页 共 12 页_, he couldnt get good marks.
13、【结论 4】下列 be done 表示所处的状态be addicted to沉迷于 be absorbed in全神贯注于be aimed at旨在 / 意图 be armed with 有装备be buried in埋葬在 be based on / upon以为基础be born出生于 be burdened with担负着be crowded with挤满了 be covered with / by覆盖着be coated with涂抹了 be combined with与联合be compared with与相比较 be caught in 陷入be lost in沉迷于 be con
14、cerned about关心be dressed in穿着 be devoted to专心致志于 be divided into 分成 be engaged in忙于be engaged to sb. 与订婚 be fixed on专注于be faced with面临着 be filled with装满了be greeted with受到了问候 be grown up 已经长大了be hidden in躲在 be linked to 与有关be paved with铺着 be loaded with载有be located in位于 be matched 很般配be mistaken 弄错了
15、be replaced with更换为be related to / with与有关 be seated 坐着 be married(to sb. )与某人结婚了 be separated from与隔开be shouldered with肩负着 be stationed in驻扎在be surrounded with / by四周环绕着 be supposed to do应该做be recovered from 从中康复 be connected with与相连 / 有关be made of / from / up of 由 制成 / 组成be designed / meant / inte
16、nded for专为而设计be known as / for / to以著称 / 因著名 / 为所知三、不定式、动名词和分词作定语 【疑难 1】Xupeisen110 高中英语第 5 页 共 12 页The teacher is satisfied with our satisfying performance in class, which can be seen from her satisfied expression on her face. 老师对我们在课堂上令人满意的表现很满意，这可以从她脸上满意的表情看出来。表示心理状态的ing 形式，表示 “令人的”； ed 形式，表示“(人)
17、感到” ，也可修饰体现内心感受的 look, expression, tears, smile, voice 等名词。 五、不定式和分词作状语 12.【例句观察】 Standing on the tower, the whole city could be seen. (前后主语不一致)Standing on the tower, we could see the whole city. (前后主语一致)He made a long speech only to show his ignorance of the subject. (出乎意料的结果)他作了很长的演说，结果却是偏离主题的。Bei
18、ng watched by the audience, the young speaker felt very nervous. (因为正在被)被观众一直看着，年轻的演说者感到有些紧张。Encouraged by these successes, they decided to expand the business. (被动，先发生但不强调) 被这些成功鼓舞，他们决定拓展他们的贸易。When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.(主动，同步)当离开机场的时候，他们一次又一次地向我们挥手。Not having receiv
19、ed an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. (主动，先发生且强调) 没有收到来信，他决定再写一封信给他们。Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. (被动，先发生)被老师批评后，李明戒了烟。【结论】only to do 表示意想不到的结果。doing sth. 与谓语动词同时发生的动作 (主动关系)being p.p. 强调与谓语动词同时发生的被动动作(“因为正在被 ”)done 已经发生的被动动作having done 先于谓语动词发生
20、的动作(主动关系)having been done 先于谓语动词发生的动作(被动关系)【翻译句子】Xupeisen110 高中英语第 6 页 共 12 页他为总统准备演说，工作到深夜。_ 我今天早上起床很早给我的家人准备早餐。_13.【例句观察】 Generally speaking，the more expensive the camera, the better its quality .独立结构 to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)， to be honest / frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更
21、确切地说)，to make things worse (更糟的是) ，not to mention(更不用说) Generally / Frankly / Roughly speaking (一般说来 / 坦白说 / 粗略地说) ，considering(鉴于 / 考虑到) ，judging by / from(从来看，依据来判断)，supposing that(假定)，providing that (假定)，according to(依据)，including(包括)，owing to(由于)，talking / speaking of(谈及)given(考虑到), provided tha
22、t(如果)14. 【例句观察】It being Sunday, we neednt go to school. Because it is Sunday, we neednt go to school. All the work done, you can have a rest. If all the work is done, you can have a rest. 独立主格结构：n. / pron. doing / done / to do / adv. / adj. / prep. 短语前后主语不一致时，分词作状语需有自己的逻辑主语，且分词与逻辑主语之间存在着逻辑上的主动或被动关系，
23、此时，视为独立主格结构。若把独立主格结构还原为状语从句，则主句的主语与从句的主语是不同的。16. 连词分词(短语)While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building. He will not attend the party unless invited. 有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。连词有when，while，if，unless，though ，after, before, as 等。但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个。15、with 复合结构 Xupeisen110 高中英语第
24、 7 页 共 12 页【完成例句】 (1)小孩跟着他，他不得不回到公园。_, he had to go back to the park. (2)工作完成了，他可以回家了。_, he could go home. (3)这么多书要看，我不能外出。_, I could not go out. (4)天气这么热，他们入室休息了。_, they went in to have a rest. (5)随着彩电价格降了 50%，公司处境艰难。_, the company has a very hard time. (6)他妻子走下楼梯，手里拿着一本书。His wife came down the sta
25、irs, _【结论】with 复合结构是独立主格结构的一种，常在句中充当状语和定语，是英语中的一种常见结构。它由“with宾语补语”组成，其中，宾语和宾补之间必须有逻辑一致关系。宾补的形式有： _.反馈练习1. _ the big snake，the little girl stood under the tree _ out of her life.ASeeing; frightened BSeeing; frighteningCSeen; frightened DTo see; frightening 2. Henry always forgets things he has done.
26、Yesterday he forgot _and looked for it everywhere.Ato post the letter Bto have the letter postedCto have posted the letter Dhaving posted the letter3. _ the youth _ the rising sun at 8 or 9 am，Mao Zedong expressed his great hope for the young men.AComparing; with BCompared; to CCompared; with DCompa
27、ring; to 4. With the world changing fast，we have something new _ with all by ourselves every day.Adeal Bdealt Cto deal DdealingXupeisen110 高中英语第 8 页 共 12 页5. Henry cant attend the party _ at Toms house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party _ at Maries house tomorrow.Abeing held;
28、 to be held Bto be held; to be heldCto be held; held Dheld; being held 6. Whats made you so upset?_three tickets to the pop music concert.ALost BLosing CBecause of losing DSince I lost7. She received an e-mail _ “ Im heavily in debt. Help me out，please！”Awritten Bsaid Creading Dwriting8. _of plastic
29、s，the machines are light in weight.ATo make BHaving made CBeing made DMade9. Whatever trouble Mr White had _with the case，he would stick to his own opinion.Adeal Bto deal Cdealt Ddealing 10. Almost everyone fails_ the driving test on the first try.Apassing Bto have passed Cto pass Din passing11. _ t
30、he distance was too long and the time was short，we decided not to drive to Florida.ADiscovering BTo discover CTo have discovered DDiscovered 12. I would like to buy an expensive camera.Well，we have several models_.Ato choose from Bto choose Cto be chosen Dfor choice13. Shall we go outing this weeken
31、d?Oh，with all this work _， I dont know if Ill have time to go out.Ato do Bdoing Cdone Ddo14. Why do you stand and watch the milk_ over?Aboiling Bboiled Cfrom boiling Dhaving been boiled15. The famous writers play，_ in one of my books，was published in 1963.Ato mention Bmentioned Cto be mentioning Dme
32、ntioning 16. _ that you are chosen to be a volunteer at London Olympics Games，what will you do?A. Assuming BAssumed CTo assume DTo be assumed17. Why was he fined?He happened to _ several flowers in the park.Abe seen pick Bbe seen picking Cbe caught to pick Dcatch picking 18. What can we do to help L
33、i Hai?All we can do is to try _ that he ought to study more.Amaking him to realize Bmaking him realizeCto make him realize Dto make him to realize19. Once lost，_.Ait is difficult to get such a chance again Bone can never get such a chance again Csuch a chance will never come again Dto get such a cha
34、nce will be difficult Xupeisen110 高中英语第 9 页 共 12 页20. I regret _you that we are unable to offer you employment.Ainforming Bhaving informed Cto inform Dto be informed四完形填空A mother and daughter living in my community are two of the most unfriendly people I have ever come across in my life. They are to
35、tally separated, mixing with 1 . As they drive past 2 they keep their eyes looking away and make no sign of acknowledgement. The only fame they have is making a nuisance (讨厌的人) of themselves to the local police station by 3 music played too loud, dogs barking more than once a day and any other petty
36、 4 gripe (把柄 ).On moving into this neighborhood, I was 5 of these two but decided I would make up my own mind. This proved quite a 6 to me as more than once either the mother or the daughter would knock on my door and blast (猛烈抨击) me with some 7 or other.I 8 answered politely and made sure I 9 as th
37、ey went past my place and also made the effort now and then to make a kind remark about their garden or pets.Time passed and in October, as part of the kindness rock give (送爱心石活动), Maureen and I 10 to place a kindness rock in their garden. Their 11 remained unchanged, however, and I continued to be
38、as friendly as possible. During the Easter give, we decided once again to 12 these two unhappy ladies to our list and left a packet of cookies on their 13 . Imagine my 14 when two days later they 15 at my gate and jokingly said they are considering hanging their Christmas stocking on their gate, and
39、 they 16 me a bunch of flowers!So, my fellow gifters, do not 17 on your random gifts of kindness. You may never know just what this 18 to others, nor how many broken or 19 hearted people you may just change with a simple act of 20 .1. A. nobody B. someone C. anyone D. nothing2. A. ladies B. neighbor
40、s C. friends D. relatives3. A. composing B. requesting C. reporting D. explaining4. A. important B. easy C. interesting D. little5. A. accused B. warned C. reminded D. convinced6. A. challenge B. job C. task D. matter7. A. jokes B. advice C. explanation D. complaint8. A. seldom B. never C. always D.
41、 sometimes9. A. waved B. stared C. noticed D. laughed10. A. started B. continued C. mentioned D. decided11. A. smile B. attitude C. decision D. anger12. A. add B. recommend C. reduced D. drove13. A. place B. roof C. gate D. fence14. A. interest B. smile C. surprise D. face15. A. whispered B. stopped
42、 C. shouted D. wandered16. A. brought B. wished C. threw D. expected17. A. take in B. take up C. give in D. give up18. A. refers B. means C. relates D. contributes19. A. kind B. light C. hard D. warmXupeisen110 高中英语第 10 页 共 12 页20. A. sorrow B. hope C. imagination D. kindness阅读理解 ABeing the boss mig
43、ht mean more money and challenging work but it can also cause damage to physical and mental well-being, according to a Canadian study. For years studies have shown people in lower-status jobs generally have higher rates of heart disease and other illnesses and die earlier than those in higher-status
44、 positions while job authority has shown no relationship with workers health. But University of Toronto researchers, using data from 1,800 US workers, found the health of people in higher positions is affected by work as they are more likely to report conflicts with co-workers and say work disturbs their home life. However, the positive aspects of having a power position at work, such as higher status, more pay and greater independence, seemed to cancel o
