1、介词Section A 基础部分一， 介词的定义和用法定义： 用在名词或名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构前，表示词语间语义关系的词。用法： 介词不能单独作为句子成分。它必须用在名词或代词之前组成介词短语，修饰动词、名词或代词，表示时间、地点、空间或其他关系。介词后面的名词、代词或其他成分作介词的宾语。介词与它后面的宾语一起构成介词短语才能在句子中充当某一成分。Between six and seven will suit me. (主语)I take it from under these books. (介词的宾语)Mary and Kate are from the same school.
2、 (表语)I find him in a hurry. (宾语补足语)A friend in need is a friend indeed. (定语)In the end, the girl got the book she wanted. (状语)二， 介词的分类介词可按其结构大致分为下面三类：（一） 简单介词about, at, by, under, of, over, past（二） 复合介词inside, into, outside, within, without, onto（三） 短语介词in front of, because of, instead of三， 常用介词的基本用
3、法举例（一） at1， 表示时间：在 时刻，在. 点钟，在岁（时）at seven oclock at dawn at nightat the age of seven2， 表示地点： 在 （地点） ，常用于小地方。We live at a town.His mother works at a cotton factory.3， 表示位置：在 的旁边at the gate at the table4， 表示方向。He throws a stone at the dog.He aims at the little bird.5， 表示状态。The two countries were at wa
4、r then.6， 表示引起某种情绪的原因。We were sad at hearing such bad news.7， 表示价格、速度等。The car runs at a speed of 50 miles an hourThe book is sold at two yuan.（二） in1， 表示时间（年、月、季节、早晨、下午、晚间等）in 2013 in January in winterin the morning/ afternoon/ eveningin this week2， 表示地点、场所。China is in Asia.My parents live in the c
5、ountryside.I am in Wuhan now.The pen is in the box.There are so many birds in the tree.3， 表示“穿着，戴着（衣服、帽子等） 。The girl in red is my sister.This is a wolf in sheeps clothes.4， 表示“用 （语言） “。in English（三） on1， 表示时间：在（某一天，某天早上，某天前夕等） 。on Monday on October 1 on Sunday morningon New Years Eve on the morning
6、of May 12， 表示位置：在 上（与物体有接触） 。on the table on the wall on the tree3， 表示“关于” （表示关系）We have a talk on the history of the Party.4， 表示“从事.” “处于 情况中”on duty on holiday（四） for1， 表示“当作、作为”。I like some bread and milk for breakfast.What will we have for supper?2， 表示理由或原因,意为“因为、由于” 。Thank you for helping me wi
7、th my English.Thank you for your last letter.3， 表示动作的对象或接受者,意为“给” 、 “对 (而言)”。Let me pick it up for you.Watching TV too much is bad for your health.4， 表示时间、距离,意为“计、达” 。I usually do the running for an hour in the morning.We will stay there for two days.5， 表示去向、目的,意为“向、往、取、买” 等。Lets go for a walk.I pai
8、d twenty yuan for the dictionary.6， 表示所属关系或用途,意为“为、适于 的”。Its time for school.Here is a letter for you.7， 表示“支持、赞成”。Are you for this plan or against it?（五） of1， .的，属于One of the legs of the table is broken.Mr. Brown is a friend of mine.2， 用.做成的;由.制成a house of stone a table of wood3， 关于.的a map of China
9、 4， .的数量或种类a piece of paper a kind of oil5， .的部分或全部three of us most of us all of the students四， 练习（一） 选择适当的介词填空。1. Youd better not go _ the forest. Its dangerous. (to, into, in)2. Which room are you going to live _? (with, in, on)3. The building is _ fire. (in, on within) There are some people _ the
10、 top floor. (in, on, out of)4. Before 1990 there was no airline _ the two cities. (in, with, between)5. Its not good to come late _ school. (to, in for)6. Whats wrong _ your bike?(of, in, with)7. Thank you very much _ coming to see me. (with, in, for)8Is everyone here good _ dancing? (at, for, in)（二
11、） 单选( ) 1 -There is nothing _tomorrow afternoon, is there?-No. We can have a game of table tennis.A. on B. in C. out D. up( ) 2 A lot of students in our school were born_March, 1981. A. in B. at C. on D. since( ) 3The train is starting_five minutes. A. in B. at C. for D. still( ) 4 Mike does his exe
12、rcises _ seven _ the evening. A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on( ) 5 We returned to our hometown_.A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week( ) 6 Children wake up very early_the morning of Christmas Day. A. in B. on C. for D. at( ) 7 Why did you get up so early _ this morning.
13、 A. on B. / C. at D. in( ) 8 Mrs. Brown came to China _ 1996. A. on B. of C. to, D. in( ) 9 Ann moved_Hangzhou_September, 1992. A. /; in B. to; in C. to; on D, in; in( ) 10 He often goes _ school _ six thirty _ the morning.A. for; to; in B. to; at in C. to; for; at D, for; at; to( ) 11 Miss Wang wil
14、l come to Beijing_ two days. A. after B. in C. on D. before( ) 12 Lucy sits_ the third row, _Jims left. A. on; on B. in; at C. at; in D. in; onSection B 提高部分一， 常用介词解析及用法比较。（一） 表示时间的介词at, on, inat 表示时刻或时间的某一点。on 用于一周中的各天，日期及某一天特定的早晨、下午、晚上。in 与季节、月份、年以及早晨、下午、晚上等连用。（二） 表示地点的介词1， in, to, onin 表示在某地范围之内。
15、Shanghai is in the east of China. 上海在中国的东部。to 表示在某地范围之外。Japan is to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东面。on 表示与某地相邻或接壤。如：Mongolia is on the north of China. 蒙古国位于中国北边。2， on, over, above 在上面on 表示两物表面接触The pen is in the desk.over 表示在某物的正上方，没有接触The light is over the table.above 只是笼统的表示在的上方，高于某物，不一定是正上方，没有接触。The
16、 plane flies above the river.3, across, throughacross 指“从一边到另一边” 、 “横过” 、 “越过”事物的表面through 指 “穿越” 、 “通过”空间。Walk across the bridge, you will find the bookshop.The road goes through the forest.4, in front of, in the front ofin front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”in the front of 表示“在.的前部”There is a big garden in fro
17、nt of the house.The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom.二， 看似相同，但意义有别的词组1， at table 在进餐，在桌子旁吃饭at the table 在桌旁，在桌子边2， at school 在校上课at the school 在学校3， in class 在上课，在课内in the class 在这个班4， in bed 卧床，在睡觉in the bed 在床上5， in red 穿着红色的衣服in the red 负债，亏损6， in hospital 住院，指病人in the hospital(因事)
18、在医院三， 省略介词的几种情况（一） 表示时间的短语中如果有 next, last, one, this, every, each, some, any, all 等单词时，介词应省略。I will see you next week.You can come any day you like.（二） 在不定冠词 a 或 an（a 或 an 的意思是“每一” ）的短语中，不用介词。three times a day sixty miles an hour（三） 在 in the same way, in this way, in another way 等短语中，in 常被省略。Please
19、go (in) this way.（四） 在表示持续一段时间的短语中，for 常被省略。We will stay there (for) three days.四， 中考真题1.When was David born?He was born_June 12，1989.A.at B.in C.on D.for2. -When does your mother go shopping?-Usually _ Sunday mornings. A. on B. in C. at D. for五， 练习（一） 单选1. The apple trees have lots of big apples _
20、them. And some birds are singing _ the trees. A. in; on B. at; in C. on; in D. with; through2. The boys often play soccer _ every Sunday afternoon.A. in B. at C. / D. on3，Jiangsu is_ the east of China, but Japan is _ the east of China. A. to; in B. in; to . C. on; to D. to; on4，Tom sits_the classroo
21、m while John sits_the room.A. in front of; at back of B. in the front of; at the back of C. in front of; at the back of D. in the front of; at back of 5，I will come back _ next week.A, in B, on C, / D, during（二） 用适当的介词完成下面短语1、 _ Wednesday2、 live _ a town 3、 _ the 4th _ November4、 look _ them5、 _ Chr
22、istmas6、 _ Christmas Day (三) 通过句子意思把下列句子填写完整。 1，I go to school _ eight oclock.2，The picture is _ the wall.3，The windows are _ the wall.4，Whats this _ Japanese?5, He usually watches football game _ TV.6, I eat an egg _ breakfast.7, Tom usually plays ping-pong _ two hours 8, This is the map _ China.Se
23、ction C 拓展延伸练习完型填空1 Miss Gaos class there 2 44 students. They are 22 boys and 22 3 . All of the students are 4 the playground now. They are 5 games. 6 are playing football. Some are jumping. Some are running. 7 are the twins? They are 8 there. Look! Lucy is wearing green trousers 9 a white blouse. L
24、ily 10 blue trousers and a yellow sweater. They are playing happily.( )1.A. In B. On C. At D. Of( )2.A. be B. am C. is D. are( )3.A. boys B. students C. girl D. girls( )4.A. in B. on C. at D. under( )5.A. play B. plays C. playing D. to play( )6.A. Some B. Other C. Another D. Others( )7.A. Where B. W
25、ho C. What D. Whose( )8.A. / B. over C. at D. on( )9.A. but B. and C. or D. so( )10.A. wear B. is wear C. wearing D. is wearing阅读理解AThis is Jims room. Its not big, but its very clean. There is a bed in the room. Its near the door. Under（在下）the bed, there are two balls. There is a desk and a chair ne
26、ar the window. There is a bookcase beside the desk. On the bookcase, there are many books and newspaper（报纸）. There are two pictures in the room, too. They are on the wall.根据短文选择最佳答案。1. The balls are _.A. near the window B. on the desk C. under the bed D. beside the desk2. Jims bed is _.A. near the d
27、oor B. near the window C. on the bookcase D. on the wall3. _ are on the wall of Jims room.A. The books B. The balls C. The newspapers D. The pictures4. Jims _ are on his bookcase.A. books B. newspaper C. pictures D. A and B5. Jims room is _.A. big B. not clean C. dirty（脏的） D. not bigBMarking Choices
28、 in the ShoppingWe go shopping almost every day. We have many choices of the places to buy things. Supermarket is the right place for you. There are some good points buying things at the supermarket.1. You buy things at the supermarket at a low price. You pay much more in the big store to buy the sa
29、me goods.2. You decide what to buy all by yourself at the supermarket. And you dont have troubles from the shop assistant at the big store.3. There are more choices of goods to buy at the supermarket. You can buy many things for a weeks use at a time: it saves us much money and time.In a word, it is
30、 better to buy things at a supermarket.Choose T for “True” or F for “False” before each of the following sentences._1. The things at the supermarket are cheap._2. You buy things from the shop assistant at the supermarket._3. Therere all kinds of goods at the supermarket._4. You spend much time to buy many things at the supermarket.
