1、1高中英语语法讲解-虚拟语气1. 语气的定义和种类（1）语气的定义语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。（2）语气的种类A. 陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。We are not ready.Did it rain all day yesterday?What a fine day today！B. 祈使语气表使说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。Be careful.Dont forget to close the window.Open the door, please.C. 虚拟语气表使动作或状态不是客观存在的事
2、实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。2. 虚拟语气（1）辨别 if 引导真实条件句和 if 引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.（2）虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if 条件句中的谓与动词 主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反1. 行为动词用 did 形式2. be 动词用 wereshouldwouldcould
3、 + 动词原形might 2与过去的事实相反had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用 did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形shouldwouldcould + 动词原形might （3）混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1. If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2. If he had telephon
4、ed me last night, I would see him now.3. If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4. If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.5. If he had listened to me, he _ be in such trouble now.A. havent B. would notC. had not D. would
5、havent答案：5. B（4）should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”neednt have done 表示“ 过去没必要作而实际上做了”1. Wang Fang _ college last year. Unfortunately, he couldnt take the examinations because of a sudden illness.A. could go B did goC. could have gone D. must have gone2. The plant is dead
6、. I _ it more water.A. will give B. would have gone3C. must give D. should have gone3. I could have done better if I _ more time.A. have had B. hadC. had had D. will have had4. He _ told you that.A. needs not have B. neednt haveC. neednt has D. will have had5. You _ it to your father. Why not？A. wou
7、ld tell B. should tellC. would have told D. should have told6. Even if you had not been able to come last week, you _ us know.A. shall have let B. had letC. have had let D. should have let答案：16 CDCBDD（5）虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有 were, had, could, should，有时可将 if 省去，而将条件从句的主语置于 were, had, should, co
8、uld 之后。Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.1. _ he would have succeeded in the examination.A. Had he worked hardB. If he worked hardC. If he works hardD. If he has worked hard2. _ it r
9、ain tomorrow, we would stay at home.A. Should B. Be C. Were D. Will3. _, he would teach us how to solve the problem.A. Were he here B. Was he here4C. If he is D. Is he here4. _, we should be glad.A. Were they to arrive tomorrowB. They were to arrive tomorrowC. They would arrive tomorrowD. They arriv
10、e tomorrow5. _ the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily.A .Were it not for B. If it had not been forC. If it were not D. Had it not been for答案：15 AAAAA （6）wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。 ”主句谓语 从句谓语时态 谓语动词的形式现在时表示与 wish 同时发生动词用过去时be 动词用 were过去时表示在 wish 之前发生的动作动词用 had d
11、onebe 用 had beenwish将来时表示在 wish 之后发生的动作动词用 would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1. I wish I knew the key to the answer.2. I wish I were ten years younger.3. I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4. I wish that you had been here yesterday.5. He wishes that we would visit the o
12、ld school.56. How I wish these boys would be quiet.7. I wish I _ you yesterday.A. saw B. did see C. had seen D. were to see8. Have you visited the Science Museum?No, but I really wish I _.A. will B. have C. did D. had9. I wish that the rain _ stop.A. will B. would C may D. can答案：79 CDB（7）表示命令或建议动词 s
13、uggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用 would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。1. The teacher insisted that every student _ every other line.A. writes B. write C. would write D. wrote2. Jacks father insists _ in this hotel.A. not staying B not to stayC
14、. that he not stay D. staying not3. They insisted that you _ them a quick answer.A. should give B. gaveC. must give D. would give4. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules.A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey答案：14 BCAB（8）suggest 为“ 建议去做 ; 命令” 从句用 should + do为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去
15、时或过去完成时。1. The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2. The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.3. The expression on her face suggests that she knew the secret.64. They suggested that these books _ at once.A. should take awayB. would be taken awayC
16、. be taken awayD. take away5. I suggested a meeting _ to discuss the matter.A. will be held B. would be heldC. should hold D. be held6. His silence at the meeting suggested _ to your plan.A. didnt agree B. hadnt agreedC. wouldnt agree D. shouldnt agree答案：46 CDA（9）insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做”，从句用 should + d
17、o 为“坚持表明，坚持说 /解释” ， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe.A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speakC. wouldnt speak D. not speak2. He insisted that we _ the boy to hospital.A. take B. took C. would take D. will take3. He insisted that he _ our car.A. should stea
18、l B. would stealC. hadnt stolen D. steal4. The teacher commanded that all his students _ their homework after class.A. would hand in B. should hand inC. handed in D. might hand in5. The workers requested that their working conditions _.A. must be improved B. be improvedC. would be improved D. were i
19、mproved6. They required that the crops _ harvested at once.7A. should be B. beC. are D. must be答案：16 BACBBA（10）虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是 suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是 should +动词原型，should 可以省略。1. His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting
20、to discuss the question again.2. My advice is that we should start at five tomorrow morning.3. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students _ two weeks to prepare for the exam.A. give B. should giveC. be given D. would be given4. Their demand is that their wages _ increased by 20%.A. be B.
21、 should C. will be D. must be5. It is suggested that the meeting _ place at 8 oclock.A. be taken B. takeC. would take D. should be taken6. It is suggested that we _ a lot of trees along the river.A. should be planted B . would plantC. should plant D. could plant答案：36 CABC（11）在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等
22、，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时 should + 动词原型， 或 should 省略。It is necessary thatIt is important thatIt is natural thatIt is strange that8It is surprising thatIt is impossible thatIt is great pity thatIt will be better thatIt is suggested thatIt is ordered that.It is demanded that1. It is really surprising tha
23、t the girl _ so early.A. has married B. had marriedC. marry D. will marry2. is necessary that you _ present at the discussion.A. will be B. areC. should be D. be3. He has been studying so hard. It is natural that he _ tomorrow exam.A. passed B. have passedC. will be D should pass4. It is demanded th
24、at the polluted water _ clean.A. should make B should be madeC. would make D would be made答案：14 CCDB【模拟试题】1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be2. If I _ you, Id join the army.A. am B. was C. were D. would be3. If he _
25、tomorrow, he would find Mr Wang in the office.A. comes B. will come C. should come D. come94. If it _ next week , the crops would be saved.A. rains B. will rains C. would rain D. should rain5. If I _ it, I would do it in a different way.A. were to do B. do C. had done D. was to do6. Supposing the we
26、ather _ bad, where would you go ?A. is B. will be C. were D. be7. If he had worked harder, he _.A. would succeed B. had succeededC. should succeed D. would have succeeded8. If he _, he _ that food.A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not takenD
27、. would have been warned; had not taken9. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going.A. had been; would have preventedB. had been; would preventC. were; would preventD. were; would have prevented10. If he _ it, he _ it.A. had seen; could have believed B. saw; couldnt believeC. saw; couldn
28、t have believed D. has seen; had believed11. Do you think the thief entered through the window?No, if he had, I dont believe, _ broken the living-rooms window.A. he would have B. he must haveC. he had D. should he have12. Did you go swimming last Sunday?No. We would have gone _ nicer.A. if the weath
29、er wasB. would the weather have been10C. had the weather beenD. should the weather be13. _ it _ for your help, I couldnt have made any progress.A. Had; not been B. Should; not beenC. Did; not been D. Not; been14. _ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would have left B. Was he leavingC. Were he to leave D. If he leaves15. It is ordered that a new bridge _ over the wide river.A. should be built B. would builtC. will be built D. built参考答案15 DCCDA 610 CDBAA1115 DCACA
