1、虚 拟 语 气知 识 框 架1. 含有条件状语从句的复合句wish（would rather）+ 宾语从句suggest（）+宾语从句2. 主 语从句 It is + adj./p.p/n.+ that+ S+ (should) +do表 语 从句 S+is that +s + (should) +do同位语从句 S+that +s +(should) +do3. 定语从句 It is (high) time that + S + did用过去式表现在情况1. 时态后退型 用过去完成式表过去 两种形式 用过去将来表将来 2. should+动词原形型 内 容 详 述I. 含有条件状语从句的复合
2、句(以 do 为例;S=主语)时 间 条件状语从句 主 句与现在事实相反的假设 If +S+did S+would/should/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设 If +S+had done S+would/should/could/might+have done与将来事实相反的假设 didIf+S should do were to doS+would/should/could/might+do注意事项：1倒装句。如果条件句中含有功能词 had，should ，were 时，可以省去 If，把功能词提前，构成倒装句。2错综条件句。若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间，则谓语形
3、式应根据具体情况而定。3If there werent/had not been +=without4If it were not for/ If it hadnt been for= but for虚拟语气三大板块名词性从句宾 语 从 句5otherwise+虚拟语气的句子6虚拟语气的句子，but+ 陈述事实的句子II. 虚拟语气用在宾语从句中 sb. did (希望现在用过去式) 1. wish+that sb. had done（希望过去用过去完成式）sb. would/should do（希望将来用过去将来）2. would rather 后的从句要用虚拟语气。时 间 从 句虚拟现在
4、were, did (动词一般过去式)虚拟过去 had done虚拟将来 did (动词一般过去式)例：I would rather I hadnt said such unkind things to you. （虚拟过去）Id rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. （虚拟将来）Id rather you posted the letter right away. (虚拟现在) 3. suggest+（that）S+should+do 表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句，谓语用 should 动词原形，sh
5、ould 常常省略。这类词有：decide，demand，desire，insist，order，propose，suggest，recommend ，requested ， require 等。注意：1. suggest 当“建议”讲时，其宾语从句用虚拟语气；当“暗示、表明”时，用陈述语气 2. insist 当坚持 “看法或建议 ”时，宾语从句用虚拟语气；当坚持“某个事实”时，用陈述语气。判断改错：（错） Your pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill.（
6、错） I insisted that you（should ）be wrong.（对） I insisted that you were wrong.III. 虚拟语气用在主语从句中It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that等结构的主语从句，谓语动词用 should 加动词原形，should 可省略。It is 可用的词有三类 that （should）suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted 等important, necessary, natural,
7、 imperative, strange 等a pity, a shame, no wonder 等doIV虚拟语气用在同位语从句中。 某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice， suggestion，proposal（提议） ，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation（推荐） ，plan，resolution（决议） ， idea 等。 eg. We are all for your proposal that the disc
8、ussion ( should )be put off V 虚拟语气用在表语从句中。某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，表语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为(should) 动词原形。这类名词常见的有：advice， suggestion，proposal，order， demand，desire，request，requirement，recommendation 以及 plan，idea，resolution 等。eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should)present the prizes. VI 虚拟语气用在定语从句中It is
9、（about high）time that sb.did sth/should do sth eg. Dont you think its about time we went home？ 注：在 this is the first time second time that 句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。 eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong？ VII. 虚拟语气用在让步、方式、目的状语从句中 1在带有 even if/ even though 引导的让步状语从句的主从复合句中，主句和从句都用虚拟语气，动
10、词形式与含有非真实条件句的虚拟语气相同。如: Even if he had been ill, he would have gone to his office. 即使生了病，他俩去办公室。2由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句表示比较或方式时。从句谓语形式为动词的过去式(be 用 were)或 “had 十过去分词”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看
11、过一样。3虚拟语气用在 lest（唯恐、免得） ，for fear that 及 in case 引导的目的状语从句中。 在由 lest 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由 should 动词原形构成，should 也可省略。 eg. He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again VIII虚拟语气用情感语言中 1虚拟语气在表示客气、遗憾以及祝愿等场合中，使用虚拟语气。 eg.You shouldnt have been following him so closely；you sh
12、ould have kept your distance 2If only sb./sth. +时态后退型的谓语 eg. If only I had known the result of the examination.虚拟语气练习题：1. If you were old enough, I _ you to go there yesterday. A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. had allowed2. The secretary suggested that they _ the men in at once
13、. A. had brought B. should have brought C. brought D. bring3. _I you, I would go with him to the party. A. Was B. Had been C. Will be D. Were4. It is strange that such a thing _ in your class.A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened5. How I wish I _ to repair the watch! I only made it
14、worse. A. had tried B. hadnt tried C. have tried D. didnt try6. If he _ to the teacher attentively, he _ the answer to the problem now. A. had listened, would have known B. listened, would know C. listened, would have known D. had listened, would know7. I was busy yesterday, otherwise I _ your birth
15、day party. A. attended B. had attended C. would attend D. would have attended8. If only I _ how to operate an electronic computer as you do. A. had known B. would know C. should know D. knew 9. The two strangers talks as if they _ friends for years. A. were B. would be C. have been D. had been10. It
16、 is high time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum11 The librarian insists that John _ no more books from the library before he returns all the books he had borrowed. A. will take B. took C. take D. takes12. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ in the experimen
17、t. A. shouldnt succeed B. could not have succeededC. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded13. Its about time people_ notice of what women did during the war. A. take B. took C. have taken D. will take14. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt re
18、ad B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read15. Isnt it about time that you _ to pick up the visitors from New York?A. had gone B. should go C. go D. will go16. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free immediately.A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; m
19、ust be set17. Your advice that_ till next week is reasonable. A. she waits B. she wait C. wait she D. she waited18. It was essential that we_ lease（条约、合同） before the end of the month. A. sign B. signed C. had signed D. were signing19. I wish that I _ with you last night. A. went B. have gone C. coul
20、d go D. could have gone20. He speaks Chinese so fluently as if he _a Chinese. A. were B. had been C. is D. has been21. Looking round the town, he felt as though he away for ages.A. has been B. was C. is D. had been22. It is important that the TOEFL _office your registration. A. will confirm B. confi
21、rm C. confirms D. must confirm23. If I had seen the movie, I _you all about it now. A. would tell B. will tell C. have told D. would have told24. I had hoped that John _a year in Africa, but he stayed there only for three months. A. spends B. spent C. would spend D. will spend25. Id rather you anyth
22、ing about it for the time being. A. do B. didnt do C. dont D. didnt26. Everybody has arrived. Its time we the class. A. shall start B. would start C. had started D. should start27. the English examination I would have gone to the concert last Sunday A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D. As for2
23、8.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken29. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history.A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read30. The sun rises in the east and sets
24、in the west, so it seems as if the sun _round the earth. A. were circling B. circles C. is circling D. be circling31._ the fog, we should have reached our destination.A. Because of B. In spite of C. In case of D. But for32. But for the guidance of our instructor(导师) , we _ _ in the experiment. A. sh
25、ouldnt succeed B. could not have succeed C. will not succeed D. should not have succeeded33. The Law requires that everyone _ his car checked at least once a year. A. has B. had C will have D. have34. I recommended that the student _ his composition as soon as possible. A. finishing writing B. shoul
26、d finish the writing C. finish writing D. finished writing35. I would have called you up for help had it been possible, but I _ your phone number then.A. hadnt had B. didnt have C. shouldnt have D. couldnt have36.Without electricity human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will be C. would have b
27、een D. would be37.I wish I_ you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see38.Had you listened to the doctor, you_ all right now.A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been39._ today, he would get there by Friday.A. Would he leave B. Was he leaving C. Were he to leave D. If he leave40.
28、He is talking so much about America as if he_ thereA. had been B. has been C. was D. been41.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water. It looks as if it_.A. breaks B. had broken C. were broken D. had been broken42.He treated me as though_ his own son.A. I am B. I would be C. I was D. I were43.If o
29、nly I_ a car of my own.A. have B. had C. would love D. should have44.Look at the trouble Im in ! If only I_ your advice.(2003 上海)A. followed B. would follow C. had followed D. should follow45.If only he _ quietly as the doctor instructed.A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lieII. Translation1. 我不知道
30、他的电话号码，否则我就打电话给他了。2. 他本可以给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。3.-如果可能的话你会不会打电话给他？-会的，不过我当时在忙着做家庭作业呢。4如果你昨晚没有看电影到那么晚的话，你现在就不会这么困了。5. 没有电，今天人类的生活就完全不同了。Keys I. 1-5 CDDCB 6-10 ADDDB 11-15 CBBAA 16-20 BBADA21-25 DBACB 26-30 BBCAA 31-35 DBDCB 36-40 DCCCA 41-45 CDBCC II. 1I didnt know his telephone number, otherwise I would hav
31、e telephoned him.2He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy.3- Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I were busy doing my homework.4If you hadnt seen that film late last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy.5Without electricity, human life would be quite different today.
