1、1Unit1Unit1 Women of achievement单元语法预习学案一学习目标1 通过语法学习，使学生了解和掌握英语语言的组成特点，为进一步理解和学好英语服务。2 在实践中根据不同的语境正确运用主谓一致原则解决问题。二学习重点:掌握主谓一致的概念和使用原则。三学习难点:在相关的运用中熟练掌握并正确运用。四学法指导：依据情境理解主谓一致。【自主学习】 Grammar(主谓一致) 概念：主谓一致是指_与_在_和_等方面的一致。关于主谓一致，有三个原则：语法一致、意义一致和邻近一致。 1. 语法一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上一致。主语为单数形式，谓语用_形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用
2、_形式。The number of students in our school is 1,700. Mary and Kelly look alike.2. 意义一致是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语的意义一致。（1）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用_。The crowd were running for their lives.（2）主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用_。The news is very exciting.3. 邻近一致是指谓语动词的形式与其最邻近的主语在人称和数上一致。当_等连接并列主语时， 谓语动词的单复数与邻近的主语一致。Either you or I
3、 am mad.【问题探究】主谓一致应注意的若干问题。1名词作主语。 某些集体名词如 family、team 等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV.这类词常有_ 某些集体名词如_只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。这类名词有2_。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场
4、、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。My uncles is not for from here.常见的省略名词有_。 当名词词组中心词为表示_等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。Five minutes is enough to finish the task. The United States was found it 1776. 不定代词_所修饰的名词即使以 and 或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary. 如果主语有 more
5、than one 或 many a 构成，尽管从意义上看是 _内容，但它的谓语动词用_。More than one student has seen the play. Many a boy has bought that kind of toy.但是， “more + 复数名词 + than one”结构之后，谓语用复数。 一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如_等。但如果其前有 kind /pair/type / series + of 时，谓语动词的数与 kind, pair, type, series 等的数一致。A pair of shoes was
6、on the desk. 如果名词词组中心词是 all、most、half、rest 等词语，所指是_，谓语动词用_，反之用_。All of my students work hard. All of the oil is gone. 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与_一致。如：Between the two windows hangs an oil painting.以“-s”结尾的“ 复数”名词（例如；一些学科名词_等） ，或以“-s” 结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。例如：Mathematics is my favorite subject.2 由连接词连接的名词作
7、主语。(1) 用 and 或 both and 连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用_，这时 and 后面的名词_冠词。To love and to be loved is the great happiness.Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habit.A knife and fork is on the table.(2)当主语后面跟有_3_等引导的词组时，采取“就前原则”。The students, together with their teacher,
8、 are going to have a picnic this weekend.3 代词作主语。 名词性物主代词连接的动词，既可以用单数，也可以用复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。Your shoes are white, mine (= my shoes) are black. such、the same 起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。Such _ our plan . Such _ his last words. (be) 关系代词 who、that、which 等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中_的数一致。 不定代词 any、either、nei
9、ther、none 、all 、some、more 等作主语时，要注意下列情况：（A）单独作主语时，视其在文中的意义，动词可用单数或复数形式。Now all has been changed. All are present.（B）其后接 of 时，若 of 的宾语为不可数名词，动词用单数形式；若 of 的宾语为复数名词或代词时，动词可以是单数，也可以是复数；在正式文体中，单数形式的动词更常用。Do(es) any of you know about the accident? None of us has (have) seen the film. 由 some, any every, no
10、 构成的复合词（ somebody，nobody，everything，anything 等）作主语时，谓语动词用_。Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.4 分数、量词作主语。 “分数或百分数 + 名词”等“+ (of) +名词” 结构描述数量时，如果“of” 后的名词为单数（不可数名词） ，则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。Most of the water here is clean. 80% cotton has been sent to America. 表示数量的 one and a half 后，名词要用_
11、，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用_。One and a half apples is left on the table.5 名词化的形容词作主语。如果主语由“the + 形容词（或分词） ”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有_等。如表抽象的也可以用单数，如_等。6 从句作主语。 由 what 引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。What we need_ more money. What we need_ more people/teachers.(be) 在“one of + 复数名词 + who/that/which”引导的从句结构
12、中，关系代词4who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是 one，因此从句中的谓语动词也应该是_。如 one 前有 the 或 the only 则用_。This is one of the most interesting stories that have been told by my father.She was the (only) one of the girls who was late for class today.7 一个不定式、名动词（短语）或从句作主语用单数形式；There be 句型中 be 的单复数取决于 be 后的第一个词的数。 There _
13、a book, two pens on the desk. There _two pens, a book on the desk.(be)【课堂练习】用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Neither he nor I _(be ) for the plan. 2. My family as well as I _ (be ) glad to see you. 3. There are two roads and either_( lead) to the station. 4. Twenty miles _(be ) a long way to cover. 5. Very few_( kno
14、w) his address in the town. 6. When and where this took place _( be) still unknown. 7. I know that all _(be) getting on well with her. 8. The rest of the novel _ ( seem )very interesting. 9. Our family _(be ) a happy one. 10. The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who _(be ) f
15、rom the countryside in our school.11. More than one answer _(give) to the question.12. The students in our school each _ (have)an English dictionary.13. The pair of shoes _(be) worn out. 14. A professor and a writer _(be) present at the meeting.15. Those who _( enjoy) singing may join us. 16. Over 80 percent of the population _ (be)workers.
