1、语法复习十八：数 词时间：2008 年 03 月 02 日 作者： 来源： 语法复习十八：数 词高考重点要求：1掌握基数词、序数词、分数词、倍数、百分数、年月日、钟点、年龄、序号的基本用法。2掌握不定数量词、约数词的表达方法。数词在各个题项中，单选、阅读、听力、写作中发挥着很强的作用，往往用以说明事实的精确性和可信性。数词是由两大部分构成的即基数词和序数词，而其他数字表示法如分数，小数等均由这两大部分的不同组合而构成。（一）基数词：表示数目的词为基数词，它的构成如下表：范 围 特 点 实 例112 无规律 one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eig
2、ht, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319 以 teen 为结尾 thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen2090 以 ty 结尾 twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety2199十位与个位之间要加连字符 “-”twenty-five, sixty-five, ninety-nine101999百位与十位之间通常用andthree hundred and twenty-five（美语中常将 and
3、省略）千以上 6275six thousand two hundred and seventy-five；1200twelve hundred（二）序数词：表示顺序的数词为序数词，它的构成如下表：范 围 特 点 实 例 119 各基数词尾加 th其中七个例外：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, 其余，如：four forth, six sixth, nineteen nineteenth20,3090 把 y 变 i 后加 eth twentieth, fortieth, ninetieth 21 以后多位数最后一个数用序数
4、词，其余用基数词21st twenty-first, 110th one hundred and tenth （三）数词的用法：1.英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表示例 英语表示法2001630 June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 20017：25 seven twenty-five twenty-five past even12:54 twelve fifty four six to one9:15 nine fifteen a quarter past nine2:30 two thirty half past two21:50 twenty-
5、one fifty 9:50p.m.第 21 twenty-first第 123 one hundred and twenty-thirda half two and two-fifths 20% 20 per cent 20 percent第七路公共汽车 Bus Number Seven第 201 房间 Room 201人民路 153 号 153 Renmin Road 4+8 =12 Four plus eight is twelve11-7=4 Eleven minus seven is four.65=30 Six times five is thirty.205=4 twenty d
6、ivided by five is four.AB A is more than B.AB A is less than B.AB A is approximately (近似地, 大约)equals to B.AB A is not equal to B.2.约数表示法列表含义 英语表达 例句大于某数 more than He has lived here for more than twenty years.over she is over fifty.or more Therere thirty people or more in the meeting-room.小于某数 less t
7、han I have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.under Children under seven are not allowed to enter.below He would not sell it for below a hundred fifty dollars.or less The coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.大约（某数） nearly She is nearly fifty now.almost Its almost three oclock.up to Up to t
8、en men can sleep in this tent.or He spent four or five days writing the article.or so The distance is twenty miles or so.about I visited that village about three years ago.some Their team has some four or five players.more or less The container can hold more or less twenty pounds of water.around/rou
9、nd Lets make it round/around eight oclock.3.不定数量词“多”的表示法列表被修饰名词的数 英语表达 汉译修饰可数名词 dozens of 几十、许多scores of 许多many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数名词) 许多、大量hundreds of 数以百计thousands of ,thousands upon thousands of 成千上万millions of 数百万billions of 亿万修饰不可数名词much , a great (good)deal of ,a large amount of
10、 ,large amounts of 许多、大量修饰可数名词或不可数名词a lot of /lots of ,plenty of, a large quantity of , large quantities of 许多、大量练习、数 词1. Two _died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundreds old peoples D. hundred old peoples2. He was only in_ at the time.A. his 20s B. the 20s C. h
11、is twenties D. the twenties3. The two great men wrote those letters in_ .A. 1870s B. 1879s C. the 1870s D. the 18704. I wonder if I can ask him_ time.A. four B. fourth C. the fourth D. a fourth5. He came out_ in the track events.A. first B. one C. the first D. the one6. It was in 1939 that _broke ou
12、t.A. World War Second B. the World War Second C. Second World War D. World War II7. Youll have to spend _writing your report here.A. one day or two days B. one day or two C. a day or two D. two days or one8. He cut the cake_ .A. in halves B. in half C. into halves D. into half9. The earth is nearly_
13、 the moon.A. 50 time the size of B. 50 times the size of C. 50 times as size as D. 50 times as that of10. Either you or the headmaster _the prizes for these gifted students at the meeting.A. is handing in B. are to hand out C. are handing in D. is to hand out11. _of the population here are peasants.
14、A. 20 percents B. 20 percent C. the 20 percent D. the 20 percents12. Its about_ , the thickness of a human hair.A. two-fifteenth B. two-fifteenths C. two fifteen D. two fifteens13. The price of such material was reduced_ .A. by 18 percent B. to 18 percent C. at 18 percent D. for 18 percent14. South
15、of the equator, 81 percent of the surface of the earth_ water.A. is B. are C. was D. were15. They sold _boxes of such sweets last week.A. four dozen B. four dozens C. four dozens of D. four dozen of16. It took me _ days to finish drawing a beautiful horse.A. a half dozen B. half a dozen C. haft doze
16、ns D. half dozen17._people were sent there to help fight against the flood.A. Three scores of B. Three score of C. Three score D. Three scores18. Dont leave you work,_ .A. done half B. half done C. a half done D. done a half19. Nobody can do two things well _ .A. at one time B. at once C. one time D
17、. once20. He has_ books in his study.A. several thousands B. some thousands of C. some thousands D. some thousand of21. On National day_ people take part in all kinds of celebration.A. hundreds of millions of B. millions of hundred ofC. hundreds millions of D. millions hundreds of22. He has lived at
18、_ for 30 years.A. No. 101 Heping Street B. 101 Heping Street C. Heping Street 101 D. Heping street No. 10123. You can find him in_ .A. Room 201 B.201 Room C. the Room 20 D. the 201 Room24. Its_ walk from here to my school.A. two - hours B. two hours C. two - hour D. a two - hour25. It was in_ when h
19、e was already in _ that he went to Yanan.A. the 1940s, the 40s B. the 1940s, his forties C. 1940s, his forties D. the 1940s, his 40s26. He went to the market and bought _eggs and some meat.A. three dozen of B. three dozen C. three dozens D. three dozens of27.Shortly after the accident two _police we
20、re sent to the spot to keep order.A. dozen of B. dozens C. dozen D. dozens of (MET92 29)28.Mr Smith _me to buy several _eggs for the dinner.A. asked, dozen B. suggested, dozens of C. had, dozen D. persuaded, dozens of (94 上海)29._of the land in that district _covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth
21、, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths , is D. Two fifths, are (2000 上海)30.Two _died of cold last winter.A. hundreds old people B. hundred old people C. hundred old peoples D. hundred old peoples (88MET.15)31.It is not rare in _that people in _fifties are going to university for further education.A.90
22、s,the B. the 90s, / C.90s, their D. the 90s, their (99 上海 6)32.-Have you seen many sheep in the distance ? -Yes, _.A. thousand of them B. two thousands of them C. two thousand of them D. two thousand them1B2. C 表示“几十“的数字的复数与所有格代词一起来用以表示人的年龄，本句为“二十多岁“。3C 定冠词“the“和数的复数形式在一起表示年代。4D 序数词前面加不定冠词表示“又一次“(已经
23、四次了)5A 这里“first“有人说起副词作用，可以看成表语，也可以看做一种“取得第一名“的习惯用法。6D 序数词和名词共同构成的专有名词还可以是 thc Second World War 的形式。7C 只有 C 项为正确的表达方式，或者也可以写成“one or two days“再如：one hour and a half 或 one and a half hours8B “in half“表示“分成一样大小的两半“。也可以说“cutin two“9B 再如 twice the height(depth，width，weight，etc)of10D eitheror连接主语用就近原则。be
24、 to hand out the prizes 意为“要颁发奖品“。11答案为 B。百分比作修饰语，前面不加冠词且不能加复数。12答案为 B。分数做定语，分子用基数词，分母为序数词，当分子大于 1 时，分母用复数，本题中，其它表达方式均不正确。13答案为 A。表增加或减少的数量的百分比，用 by+百分数表示。14答案为 A。不可数的名词的百分比用单数；可数名词的百分比则用复数。C 项时态不对，另如：90 percent of the population here are peasents这个句子中 population 的意思是 people15答案为 A。“dozen“与数词或 many，
25、several 等词连用时复数一般不加 s，故 B、C 两项不选。此外，dozen 与数词连用做定语，一般也不加 of当然也有例外：Place them in dozens on the tabledozens 表数量很多。Two dozen of these are wanteddozen 后面有 of 因为有限定词 these，the 等。Dozens of people were heredozens of 也表示“很多“。16答案为 B。“半打“的表达方式一定要用“hall a dozen“。17答案为 B。score 做定语修饰名词用 a(three)score of，而不用复数形式
26、；常用“scores of“为其复数形式，意为“大量“，但有：three score and ten，a score or more18答案为 B。“hall“起副词作用，修饰过去分词“done“，因为这个过去分词表状态，故“half“应在“done“前。再如：well done，well known，不用 a half 修饰 done，故不选 C、B 两项。19B 意为“同时“，不是“立刻“。20B2lA 如：tens of thousands of(小数在前，大数在后)thousands and thonsands of(两数一样大)。22B 居住的门牌号用介词 at+号数+街道名“。23
27、A24答案为 D。“walk“作为名词，常与不定冠词连用。注意：在表数量的合成词中，名词部分为单数，如：a two-year-old boy 25答案为 B。“在 20 世纪 40 年代“，必须有定冠词“the“此外，年代后要加s 或 s。“他已经 40 多岁了“要用 in his forties。26答案为 B。dozen 与数词或多或少 several, many 连用时，复数不加 s。dozens of 表示数量很多，在修饰有 these，the等词限定的名词时，可用 dozen of 的形式。如：three dozen of these eggs. 27.C 28.A 29.C 30.
28、B 31.D 32.C语法复习十五：形容词和副词时间：2008 年 03 月 02 日 作者： 来源： 比较级和最高级及其使用形容词的比较级和最高级说 明 例 词一般情况 加 er, est smaller,smallest以 e 结尾 加 r,st larger,largest单音节词和少数多音节的形容词，加词尾 er ,est以“辅音字母 +y “结尾的词 改 y 为 i，再加 er,est busier,busiest重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写末尾辅音字母，加 er,estfatter,fattest以 ow,er 结尾的双音节词 加 er ,estnarrower,nar
29、rowest cleverer,clevest多数双音节和多音节的词 加 more most more beautiful, most important 副词的比较级和最高级1大多数以 ly 结尾的副词前加 more 和 most 来构成比较级和最高级。2少数单音节副词，加 er,est 构成其比较级和最高级 。几个特殊的形容词和副词原级 比较级 最高级good ,well better bestbad, ill, badly worse worstmany ,much more mostlittle less leastfar farther, further farthest,furth
30、erold older, elder oldest, eldest比较级和最高级的常用句型 名称 句型 例句相等 as 原形 as (as 原形 +名词 as )The train travels as fast as the 3:55 train. He has not as much money as his friend.不及not as(so) 原形 as (not asso +名词+原形 as )She is not as (so)beautiful as her sister.比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth.超越the
31、+比较级+of the two 两者中较 的一个He is the taller of the two.用于否定 no +比较级 +than 和一样不 He is no richer than I. 他和我一样不富有。用于否定 最不过 His work couldnt be worse. 他的工作再糟糕不过了。程度递增er and er，more and more+多音节词原级 (越来越)higher and higher more and more important 两种情况同时变化the +比较级，the+比较级 （越，越）The quicker you get ready, the s
32、ooner well be able to leave.三者或三者以上比较the +最高级+of/in+ 比较范围 （之中最）Of all things in the world, people are the precious.比较级结构的修饰语1用于原级之前：almost, nearly, just, exactly, quite, half , twice,three times , a third,etc.John is almost as tall as you.The river is three times as long as that one.We have a third
33、as many students as we had last term.2用于比较级前many, a few (用于“more +可数名词“前) It takes many more hours to go there by train than by plane.a lot, much , a bit, even, a little , still, a great deal, far, rather, two years, ten percent,three times etc.Its cold this year, but its even colder last year.We pr
34、oduced 6% more grain this year than we did last year.3用于形容词和最高级前the very , much the ,by far the ,the first/secondThis hat is by far the largest in the world.Gold is the very most valuable of all materials .位置与功能高考重点要求1掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型及用法2掌握形容词、副词的原级、比较级和最高级修饰语及倍数的比较表达。3注意多外形容词修饰同一名词的前后顺序。4分清常用同义
35、与近义形容词在表达中的语义差别。此项语法内容从 1991 年到达 2001 年间共出现 45 次（包括上海题），可见其重要。形容词作用与位置1定语。 在名词前做定语，为最常见用法。请注意多个形容词（含其它起形容词作用的词）做前置定语的顺序。“县官行令杀国才。“这一句就概述了形容词顺序问题。即：限（冠词物主代词、指示代词数词等）观 （描绘） 形（大小、形状等） 龄 （年龄、新旧等）色（色彩）国（国籍、出处等）材（材料、功用等）an interesting English film a heavy black Chinese silk umbrella做后置定语。修饰由不定代词 no ,any,
36、some ，every 和 one,thing 等构成的复合词或形容词短语。2表语。一定要注意系动词的出现情况。这是一个高考热点问题。常见系动词有：be 变化系词： become, get ,turn, grow, go保持系词： keep ,remain, stay感观系词： look, smell , taste, feel, sound,appear , seem ,prove etc.3.形容词作状语，表状况、原因、结果等。这也是应注意的一点。He went to bed , cold and hungry. 4.做宾补。N：某些以 a 开始的形容词只做表语，不做定语。afraid,
37、alike, alone, asleep ,awake，alive某些表身体健康状况的形容词只能做表语,不做定语well, ill faint某些以-ly 结尾的词是形容词而不是副词。friendly, lively, lovely, lonely, likely, deadly, orderly 等。复合形容词的形式问题。an 800-meter-wide river an English-speaking country a middle-aged man副词位置1）时间副词和地点副词一般放于句尾。如同时出现，则地点副词在前。They went boating in Zhongshan P
38、ark yesterday.2)表频率的时间副词是高考的热点always, seldom, often, never, rarely, usually 等，通常放于行为动词之前，be 词、情态动词和助动词之 后。He is always telling lies,so I will never believe him.3)程度副词一般放在被修饰词之前（但 enough 除外）He is very young ,so he is not old enough to go to school.N:有些副词有两种形式，一个与形容词同形，一个以 ly 结尾，但它们的含义是不同的。closely-clo
39、se nearly-near freely-free deeply-deep highly-high widely-wide 等。以 ly 结尾的词表较为抽象的含义，而与形容词同形的副词则表较为具体的概念。He is highly praised for what he has done. (高度地)He can see a bird is flying high in the sky.（飞得高，具有可见性）练习、形容词和副词高考题选：1. John has three sisters. Mary is the _ of the three. (MET88)A. most cleverest
40、B. more clever C. cleverest D. cleverer2. The students are_ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty. (MET88)A. most B. almost C. mostly D. at most3. She told us _story that we all forgot about the time. (MET88)A. such an interesting B. such interesting aC. so an interesting D. a so intere
41、sting4. It is impossible for so_ workers to do so work in a single day. (MET88)A. few, much B. few, many C. little, much D. little, many5. The horse is getting old and cant run _ it did. (MET88)A. as faster as B. so fast than C. so fast as D. as fast as6. The story sounds_ . (MET89)A. to be true B.
42、as true C. being true D. true7. Id been expecting _ letters the whole morning, but there werent _ for me. (MET89)A. some; any B. many; a few C. some; one D. a few; none8. This year they have produced _ grain _ they did last year. (MET89)A. as less; as B. as few; as C. less; than D. fewer; than9. Aft
43、er the new technique was introduced, the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before. (MET90) A. as twice many B. as many twiceC. twice as many D. twice many as10. The pianos in the other shop will be , but_ . (MET90)A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheaper; not as betterC. cheaper; not
44、as good D. more cheap; not as good11. -Can I help you?-Well, Im afraid the box is_ heavy for you, but thank you all the same. (MET90)A. so B. much C. very D. too12.-Excuse me, is this Mr. Browns office?-Im sorry, but Mr. Brown _ works here. He left about three weeks ago. (MET90)A. not now B. no more
45、 C. not still D. no longer13. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with _ money and _ people. (MET90)A. less; less B. fewer; fewer C. less; fewer D. fewer; less14. Oh, John. _ you gave me! (MET90)A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surpriseC. What a pleasant surprise
46、 D. What pleasant surprise15. -How did you find your visit to museum?-I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was _ than I expected. (MET91)A. far more interesting B. even much interestingC. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting16. Canada is larger than _ country in Asia. (NMET91)A. any B. any other C.
47、other D. another17. Those oranges taste_ . (MET91)A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well18. The experiment was _ easier than we had expected. (NMET91)A. more B. much more C. much D. more much19. _ food youve cooked! (NMET91 )A. How a nice B. What a niceC. How nice D. What nice20. Go and get your coat. Its _ you left it. (MET92)A. there B. where C. there where D. where there21. John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes_ . (MET92)A. open B. to be opened C. to open D. opening22. -Are you feeling _?-Yes, I m fine
