1、一、被动语态概述语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、 “受”、 “给”等词来表示被动意义。如：He opened the door. 他打开了这扇门。 （主动语态）The door was opened. 这扇门被打开了。 （被 动语态）二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词 be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变 be 的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定
2、式的变化也如此。1、被动语态 的 时态较常见的八种，现以动词 clean 为例列表说明： 2、被 动语态 的句式变 化：以一般现在时和动词 invite 为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化： 3、含有情态动词 的被动语态情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词；其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成， “be+过 去分词” 部分不变。如：Tables can be made of stone. 桌子可由石 头制造。Tables could be made of stone at that time. 那时桌子可由石头制造。 （一般过去时）Can tables be made of ston
3、e? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）三、被动语态的用法：1、不知道或没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。如：The bridge was built last year. 这座桥是去年建造的。He was elected chairman. 他被选为主席。2、当更加强调动作的承受者时。此时动作的执行者由 by 引导置于谓语动词之后，不需要时可以省略。如：The room hasnt been cleaned yet. 房间还 没有打扫。The tiger was killed by him. 老虎被他杀死了。3、当 动作的 执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。如：The window was blown
4、 by wind. 窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood. 整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。4、表示客 观的说明常用“It is + 过去分词”句型。如：It is said that Lucy has gone abroad. 据说露茜已经出国了。It is believed that he is a spy. (=He is believed to be a spy.) 大家相信他是个间谍。其它常见的“It is + 过 去分词+ that”句型还有：It is reported that据报道It is said
5、that据说It is believed that大家相信It is suggested that有人建议四、主动语态变为被动语态转换图示： 1、主 动语态变为被动语态的步骤：(1)将主动句的宾语变为主 语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语 是代词，需将其由 宾 格变为主格。如：Tom killed him. He was killed by Tom.(2)将动词改为“be+过 去分 词”。注意：They held a meeting yesterday. A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。(3)将主动语态的主语改为 by放在谓语动词后。注意：
6、 如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。如：He sang a song. A song was sung by him.2、主 动语态变为 被动语态的注意事项：(1)主动句中的主语如果是 people, we, you, they, somebody 等含糊地表示“人们”、“大家”的单词，变为被动句时，通常 删去“by”，但原主语被强调 时除外。如：They set up this hospital in 1975.This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于 1975 年。Only he can finish the job. 只有他能完成这项工作。Th
7、e job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。(2)含有双宾语，即直接 宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。如：Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。We were told the truth by Jack.The truth was told (to) us by Jack.五、动词的主动形式表示被动之意以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look ，feel，smell 等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost ，have如：An a
8、ccident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。An accident happened yesterday.（ ）The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。This book sells well.这本书畅销。六、各种时态的被动语态举例（以动词 do 为例）1一般 现 在时（am/ is/ are +done）如：English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。Class meeting is hel
9、d every Thursday. 每周四都 举行班会。The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。2一般 过 去时(was/ were +done)如：The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。3一般将来 时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done； would/should be +done)如：A speech will be given
10、 this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演 讲。A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新 马路。I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。4现在 进行时 与过去进行时(am/ is/ are being +done；was/ were being +done)如：The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时机器正在被修理。The problem is being discussed now.
11、 问题正在被 讨论。A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。5现在完成 时 (have/ has been + done)如：Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止，已经种了二百棵树了。The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。6过去完成 时 (had be
12、en+done)如：They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说他们已经被邀请参加晚会She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。He had been tortured by the illness for many years before he died. 他在去世前已经被疾病折磨很多年了。一选择填空1. In some countries , tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is serv
13、ed C. serves D. served2. Great changes _ in my hometown since 1980. A. have been taken place B. took placeC. have taken place D. were taken place3. The new type of car is going to _ in three years. A. turn out B. be turned outC. has turned out D. have been turned out4. The woman murdered her friend
14、and _ to _. A. was sentenced , death B. sentencing , dieC. sentenced , death D. sentenced , die5. Do you like the skirt ? It _ soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt6. Are you still here ? You were here an hour ago . Who _ for ? A. are you waiting B. did you wait C. were you waiting D. do y
15、ou wait7. _ to know Professor Zhang. A. He said B. I said C. He is said D. It says8. I want to sit at the table near the window. Sorry , _ already. A. it took B. it takes C. it is taking D. it has been taken9. The letter _ three days ago and it _ yesterday. A. had post , had arrived B. was posted ,
16、arrivedC. posted , arrived D. had been posted , was arrived10. He told me that the final examination _ next Thursday. A. is given B. will be given C. would have given D. would be given11. Water _ into ice. A. will changed B. must be changed C. should change D. can be changed12. Plays _ twice a month
17、 in that theatre. A. put on B. are put on C. was put on D. often put on 13. The birds _ fly away last Saturday. A. let to B. is let to C. was let D. were let to 14. A strange sound _ yesterday evening. A. was heard B. hears C. heard D. is heard15. A beautiful bike _ him by his classmates. A. sent to
18、 B. will sent to C. was sent to D. will be sent for 16. Miss Chen _ just _ to speak at the meeting. A. has been asked B. has been askedC. Have been asked D. have been asked17. Meat _ out in this shop . We can _ now. A. have been sold , get nothing B. has been sold , get nothingC. has been sold , get
19、 some D. have been sold , get some18. The new play _ in theatre now . Why dont you go in and see it ? A. is being shown B. is showing C. is shown D. shows19. Can you tell _ ? A. when did it happen B. when was it happenedC. when it happened D. when it was happened20. _ the job _ by Lucy or by John ?
20、Tell me the truth , please. A. Has finished B. Has being finishedC. Is finish D. Has been finished二. 用所给动词的适当时态和语态填空1. When _ the first man-made satellite _ (send) up into space ? 2. Last year vegetables _ (grow)in the garden by Tom and he _ (sell)them himself.3. She _ (help) him with his homework t
21、omorrow evening. 4. How many magazines _ (can borrow) in your library every week ? 5. John _ (hear) to go upstairs two hours ago. 6. Who _ (save)her father ? He _ (save)by that policeman. 7. The doctor _ (send for) because his grandpa was ill. 8. Mooncakes _ (make) by his mother every year. _ your m
22、other _ (make)mooncakes for you every year ? 9. Some toys _ (buy) as a presents for these children last Monday. 10. _ paper _ (make) of wood ? 三. Correct these sentences. (改正下列句子)1. This house built 100 years ago. 2. Football plays in most countries of the world. _3. Why did the letter send to the w
23、rong address? _4. A garage is a place where cars repair. _5. Where are you born? _6. How many languages are speaking in Switzerland? _7. Somebody broke into our house but nothing stolen. _8. When was invented the bicycle? _四. 填空(完成被动语态填空)1. They often clean their classroom after school. (改为被动语态)Thei
24、r classroom _often _ by them after school. 2. Li Lei gave Tom a new pen last week. (同上)A new pen _ _ _ Tom last week. 3. A lot of people in China can speak English now. (同上)English _ _ _ by a lot of people in China now. 4. I have learned English for about two years. (同上)English _ _ _ for about two y
25、ears. 5. They will publish these story-books next month. (同上)These story-books _ _ _ next month. 一. 15 BCBAC 610 ACDBD1115 DBDAC 1620 ABACD二. 1. was sent 2. were grown , sold3. will help 4. can be borrowed5. was heard 6. saved , was saved7. was sent for 8. are made , Does make9. were bought 10. Is made三 2. Football is played in most 3. Why was the letter sent to 4. where cars are repaired5. Where were you born ? 6. How many languages are spoken 7. but nothing was stolen. 8. When was the bicycle invented ? 四. 1. is cleaned 2. was given by3. Can be spoken 4. has been learned5. will be publishe
