简单句的基本句型.doc

1、第三节 简单句的基本句型。英语简单句使用 3 种主要动词（联系动词 、不及物动词、及物动词） ，通过与主语，宾语的搭配形成五种基本句式：分清动词的及物不及物以及系动词是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题（这个会影响到以后学习语态，从句等） 。动词及物与不及物以及系动词，通常有以下几种情况：I 主谓结构知识体系 基本结构： 作用：此结构常用来表示主语的动作。谓语动词特征：_主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。 （此句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 ）常见的不及物动词有： work，act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry

2、, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring， live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, ,jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow 不及物动词的本质就是本身能够完整地表达或者描述主语的动词（不再需要宾语） 。由于没有宾语，不及物动词永远没有被动语态的形式。 （不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. Th

3、e man4. We all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed? woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone感知认识 小组活动要求：划出主语，谓语1.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.2. She sat there alone, reading a novel.3. He came back when we w

4、ere eating.4.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.Practice ( 巩固练习 )：要求：先翻译下列句子，再划出主语，谓语1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。4每天八时开始上课。 5我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 6. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。 II. 主系表结构知识体系 基本结构：作用：主要用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。主 语 ： 句 子 叙 述 的 主体 ， 可 由 _、 _、 数 词 、 _、

5、 _和 主 语 从 句 等 来承 担 。 注 意 wh- + to do结 构常见的系动词有：表状态的联系动词： _表变化的联系动词： _表感官的联系动词： _表维持的联系动词： _表结果，终止的联系动词： _表表象的联系动词 _联系动词的本质就是本身标志句子的存在，联系动词不是有主语发出来的因此系动词永远没有被动语态。S v p1. This is an English dictionary.2. The dinner smells good.3. Everything looks different.4. He felt unhappy.5. The weather become hott

6、er.6. His face turned red.感知认识 小组活动要求：划出主语，系动词，表语1The potatoes went bad in the fields. 2. Their boss seems satisfied with the work. 3.Deep water stays still. 4.Our English teacher is thirty years old. 5. The cake tastes delicious. 6. We feel used to living in big cities.Practice ( 巩固练习 )：要求：先翻译下列句子，

7、再划出主语，系动词，表语1十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 2孩子们很少保持安静。3她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。4他失业了。 5树叶已经变黄了6这个报告听起来很有意思Tip:翻译句子，关键是找准谓语，然后再添加其它成分。III、 主谓宾结构知识体系 基本结构： _谓语动词特征：_作用：在这一结构中，及物动词自身意义不完整，因此后面必须跟宾语使句意完整。宾语: 可 由 _、 _、 数 词 、 _、 _和 宾语 从 句 等 来 承 担 。 注 意 wh- + to do结 构 。宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。常见的及物动词有：love，kiss，catch, invent, like, r

8、aise, find, forget, receive, regard, say, seat, supply, provide，spend， （实义动词） (宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 4 He 5. They 6. Danny 7. I knows laugh at understands made ate likes want the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. donuts.to have a cup of tea. 感知认识 小组活动要求：划出主语，谓语, 宾语1. She stopped teaching E

9、nglish two years ago.2. It took them ten years to build the dam.3. Mother promises to give me a present. .4.Tom made a hole in the wall.5. I dont know if he can come tomorrow.6 They havent decided where to go next.Practice( 巩固练习 )：要求：先翻译下列句子，再划出主语，谓语, 宾语1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了计

10、划。 5那位先生能说三种语言。 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7我们大家都相信 Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 8. 他不知道说什麽好。 9. 我开窗户你在意吗？ IV、 双宾语结构知识体系 基本结构：_直接宾语同主谓宾中宾语。间接宾语：_难点：但若要先说出直接宾语（事物） ，后说间接宾语（人） ，则要借助于介词 to 或 for。如：He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me.用 to 侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。间接宾语前需要

11、加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）， give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏 )，save, sing, spare等。 （

12、及物） （多指人） （多指物）1. She2. She 3. He 4. He 5. I 6. I 7. I passed cooked brought bought showed gave told himher husband you her him him mea new dress. a delicious meal. a dictionary. nothing my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. 1 感知认识 小组活动要求：划出主语，谓语, 间接宾语，直接宾语1.They saved much time for us.2.Who

13、can fetch our teacher his book?3.She is writing her mother a letter now .4. He lent me money. 5. My mother will bring lunch to me .6.Tom called me a cup of coffee.Practice( 巩固练习 )：要求：先翻译下列句子，再划出主语，谓语, 双宾语1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？5他给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。V 、 复合宾语结构（主谓宾补）知

14、识体系 基本结构：_作用：宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可做宾补的有：_，_，_，_， _分词,过去分词和动词不定式等。 常见的带宾补的动词有：make, keep, get, find, wish, leave, see, consider, call, name, think, 其中以下动词是最常考的高频动词：四看：see，watch，observe ， notice. 三让：make，have，let二听：listen to；hear一感 feel， （及物） （宾语） （宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5

15、. What 6. We 7. He 8. I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back soon. getting on the bus. 双宾语与复合宾语的区别。双宾语是指句中包含两个宾语，一个是直接宾语，另一个是间接宾语。即“双宾语=直接宾语+间接宾语”,往往指人的为间接宾语,指物的为直接宾语,他们之间是非主谓关系;复合宾语是指句中包含一

16、个宾语和一个宾语补足语，即“复合宾语 =宾语+宾语补足语”,一般情况下(除过去分词作宾补外 )宾语与宾补为逻辑主谓关系。1. I bought her a new MP3 player as a birthday present.(双宾语)2. She considered the MP3 player I bought very precious.(宾语补足语)3. We all call him old Wang.(宾语补足语)感知认识 小组活动要求：划出主语，谓语, 宾语，宾语补足语1. They made Tom monitor.2. He used to do his homewor

17、k with his radio on. 3. The sun keeps us warm. 4. I heard him singing.5. You must get your hair cut. 难点：1.动词不定式作宾补，在动词 hear， listen to， see， watch， notice， look at， feel， let， have(使)和 make(使)后要省去不定式符号 to.如： I often heard him sing in the next room. 但变为被动语态时重点注意 make、hear 和 see，不定式符号 to 要加上。如：He was

18、made to work over twelve hours a day.2.用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语（此谓语动词常有 think, find ,feel） 。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family.Practice( 巩固练习 )：要求：先翻译下列句子，再划出主语，谓语, 宾语，宾语补足语1我们叫她 Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3我要你把真相告诉我。 4 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 5. 每天早晨我们都听到

19、他大声朗读英语。 6他每个月理一次发7我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 8他感到很难跟你交谈。 9我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 10学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。 VI、“There be“ 的句型（即 there be +主语+地点/ 时间状语） ，知识体系 基本句型是由_作用：以表达存在关系，翻译为 “_”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后， there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。注意主谓一致感知认识 小组活动要求：先翻译，再划出主语,状语1这个村子过去只有一口井2 There is a little water in the bottle.3. There a

20、re many students and juice in the classroom.There be 句型的几个特例：此句型有时不用 be 动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive 等。There stands a hill in the middle of the park.Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。如：现在有 there is/are 过去有 there was/were 将来有 t

21、here will be；there is /are going to be.现在已经有 there has/have been 可能有 there might be.肯定有 there must be /there must have been. 过去曾经有 there used to be 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be Practice( 巩固练习 )：1客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 2灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。 3战前这儿一直有家电影院的. 4恰好那时房里没人。 5

22、从前，在海边的一个村子里住着一位老渔夫。 6公共汽车来了。 小结练习Read the following sentences and judge which kind of sentence patterns they belong to. S = 主语 V = 谓语 O = 宾语 P = 表语DO = 直接宾语 InO = 间接宾语 OC = 宾语补足语For Example: Tom swims very well. ( SV)主语 谓语1. They laughed happily. ( ) 2.They work hard. ( )2. He bought a new pen yest

23、erday. ( ) 3. Do they feel happy? ( )4. She showed me a nice picture. ( )5. His dream is to be a doctor.( ) 6. My parents want me to drink milk every day. ( )7. What made her so angry? ( )8. Lucy sang us an English song. ( )9. Last Sunday he helped me do the housework. ( ) 10. I heard her playing th

24、e piano in the next room. ( ). 11.We should keep the plants in the shade. ( ). 12.Many animals live in trees. ( ).13. We found the hall full. ( ). 14. I find it difficult to solve the problem. ( ). 15. He got his shoes and socks wet. ( ).16.The scientist gave us a speech yesterday. ( ).17.They have

25、married for 20 years. ( ).18. He told me a good news. ( ).19. I have taught here since I graduated. ( ).20.I dont know whether my mom will take me to Beijing next month. ( ).21. Whether he will win the game is not clear. ( ).22. We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone. ( ).23. The teacher who went to see me yesterday is Mr. Wang. ( ).24. I like the book that you lent to me. ( ).25. It made us very happy that she was chosen. ( ).