1、初中语法总结及练习九非谓语动词-动名词及分词动名词 动名词同时具有 _ 特性及_的特征，它的动词特征是它可有宾语和状语；它的名词特征是它可做主语、宾语。动名词的形式：否定式为 _ doing, 完成式为 _，被动式为 _ /having been done 动名词可充当： 主语(Seeing is believing); 谓语动词必须用 _ 数形式 ; 作表语(be+:注意比较 His job is washing clothes/he is washing clothes)；作定语 reading room 动名词与所修饰的名词没有逻辑主谓关系，试比较 missing bike);作补语 I
2、 saw this robbing Peter to pay Paul.(我把这叫做拆了东墙补西墙); 作_词、_ 词的宾语(如 enjoy doing, look forward to doing)动名词与不定式作直接宾语时在含义上的区别forget doing/to do sth. remember doing/to do sth. stop doing sth.和 stop to do sth. regret doing sth. 表示“后悔过去做过的某一件事情” regret to do sth.意思是“对正在做的，或者是还未做的事情表示后悔”。want, need, require
3、表示“需要”的意思时，后面常使用动名词或不定式的被动式。This car needs repairing. This car needs_ (repair).动名词的常用句型 go + doing sth. 去做 be worth doing sth. cant help + doing sth. be used to + doing sth. It is no use(good)+doing sth. forgive sb. for doing sth./prevent sb. from doing sth. without + doing sth. 没有做就She kept sitting
4、 there without saying to anybody.她一直坐在那里，默不做声。 no + doing.表示“禁止，不准”。No parking . 分词分为 _ 分词和 _ 分词两种形式。现在分词与过去分词的比较所表示 的语态不同 : 现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，常用于修饰_；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明_的情况。如：an exciting film/the excited people 所表示 的时间不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词是说明 _了的动作或行为。如：developing countries /developed countries所表示
5、 的语义不同：多数现在分词可译为“使人怎样”；用来说明事或物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样”，说明人的感觉。其它：moving/moved, amusing/amused, boring/bored, astonishing/astonished, discouraging/discouraged, disappointing/disappointed, frightening/frightened, inspiring/inspired, amazing/amazed所用 的修饰语不同 : 现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语 _，而过去分词之前常用much。The game is v
6、ery exciting. Were _ excited at the game.现在分词有_词和形容词的双重特性，可作定状补表，有时式和语态的变化，有逻辑主语。现在分词常可用作定语、表语( interesting,)现在分词短语一般置于所饰的名词之_ The car parking under the tree.现在分词用作补语 表示感官 的 动词接现在分词，表示动作正在发生 (notice, watch等 )或使役动词 (have, get, keep, leave等 ) 如： I kept the boy _ (wait). 用作主补，常用于被动语态中 如： He was seen st
7、ealing money.现在分词常可用作状语 表时间，可置于句首、中、末，如：She drove away_ (cry).分词动作与谓语动作 同时 发生 ; Climbing to the top, I saw it. 分词动作与谓语动作 先后发生 ; Not_ (finish)the homework, he had to stay up late at night .完成式 表示分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。 现在分词之前可用连词when或while(e.g. when sleeping) 强调与谓语动词的动作 同时 发生。 表原因，可置于句中、末， 如 : _ (be) sick I s
8、tayed at home.表条件，可置于谓语之前或之后， 如： Ill be better off walking.表让步， 如： _ (know) this, they made me pay for this coat.表结果、方式， 如：She threw the doll on the floor _ (break) it to pieces;现在分词短语具有替代从句的作用 替代定语从句 Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.（ =Students who wish to go hiking should
9、 sign their names here.） 替代状语从句的作用 Knowing that he couldnt solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind. ( Because he knew that he couldnt solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.)分词的独立主格结构 分词或者分词短语作状语使用时，其逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，须在分词之前加上它 的 逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构。 After a little while, her e
10、yes being full of tears, the mother came over and embraced him.经常使用现在分词的句型 be busy + doing sth. /spend (waste) time(money)+doing sth. /catch (find) sb.+ doing sth. 抓住、发现某人在做某事 I found myself lying on the ground.(=I found that I was lying on the ground.)/have sb. + doing sth. 让(请) 某人做某事 e.g. Do you h
11、ave anybody sending your daughter home?/keep sb. + doing sth 让某人持续做某事过去分词具有_词和形容词的双重特性。在句中的作用相当于形容词和副词，在句中可用作定、状、补、表语。过去分词可用作定语；用作表语，如 be surprise with 。用作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随。 _(When/while) Heated, the mental expands.(受热即膨胀 ) _Gone from home so long, he looks forward to the meeting with his old f
12、riends. _United, we stand; divided, we fall. _ (Although)Fell far behind from the others, he still keeps on trying. _She stood there much disappointed. （ 填写时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随）用作补语 用作宾补时，其前的动作多为感官动词和使役动词 。 E.g. He is having their house_ (paint) . 用作主补 The fire is reported controlled.用作表语时，相当于形容词；过去分词用
13、于被动态时，则表动作。The road is completed. (竣工)专项练习:1.No one enjoys _ at.A. laughing B. to laugh C. being laughed D. to be laughed 2.You must do something to prevent your house_ .A. to be broken in B. from being broken in C. to break in D. from breaking in 3.They insisted on _another chance to try.A.given B.
14、giving C.being given D.to be given 4.Where is my passport? I remember_ it here.You shouldnt have left it here. Remember_ it with you all the time.A. to put；to take B. putting；taking C. putting；to take D. to put；taking 5.His room needs _ , so he must have it_.A. painting；painted B. painted；painting C
15、. painting；painting D. painted；painted 6.After finishing his homework he went on _ a letter to his parents.A. write B. writing C. wrote D. to write 7.The young trees we planted last week require _with great care.A. looking after B. to look after C. to be looked after D. taken good care of 8.Only_ En
16、glish doesnt mean _ the language.A. to learn；to learn B. learning；learning C. learning about；learn D. learning about；learning 9.She returned home only to find the door open and something _ .A. missed B. to be missing C. missing D. to be missed 10.She decided to devote herself _the problem of old age
17、.A. to study B. studying C. to studying D. study 11. It took the workmen only two hours to finish _ my car.A. repairing B. repair C. to repair D. repaired12. Its no good _ over split milk.A. to cry B. crying C. cried D. cry13. Have you forgotten _$1000 from me last month? Will you please remember _
18、it tomorrow?A. borrowing; to bring B. to borrow; bringC. borrowed; bringing D. borrowing; bringing14. The classroom wants _.A. clean B. cleaned C. to clean D. cleaning15. Jack said that he wouldnt mind _ for us.A. to wait B. wait C. waiting D. waited16. My brother keeps _ me with my work.A. to help
19、B. help C. helping D. helped17.We should often practice _ English with each other.A. to speak B. spoke C. speak D. speaking18.Keep on _ and you will succeed.A. a try B. try C. triing D. trying19.His parents insist on _ to college.A. he should go B. he go C. his going D.him to go20.The story was so f
20、unny that we _.A. couldnt help laugh B. cant but laughC. couldnt help laughing D. couldnt help but to laugh21._ the news of his fathers death, he burst into tears.A. After hearing B. On hearing C. While hearing D. Having heard22. I regretted _ that to her.A. having said B. to have said C. to say D.
21、/23._ clean is a safeguard against disease.A.To be keeping B.Kept C.Keep D.Keeping24.Seeing is _.A.to believe B.believing C.believed D.being believed25-Whats made Ruth so upset? -_ three tickets to the folk music concert.A. Lost B. Losing C. Because of losing D. Since she lost26Dont forget _ this bo
22、ok to John when you see him.A. to return B. returning C. return D. to returning27Only one of these books is _.A. worth to read B. worth being read C. worth of reading D. worth reading28We are both looking forward to _ next week.A. going on vacation B. go on vacationC. be going on vacation D. have go
23、ne on vacation29He had no difficulty _ the problems.A. working out B. having worked outC. to have worked out D. to work out30-Youve done very well this time. -Its really kind_. A. for you to say so B. for you saying so C. of you to say so D. of you saying so31.It is better to lose ones life than _.
24、A. if you lose your spirit B. losing his spirit C. to lose ones spirit D. your spirit getting lost 32.-I cant work it out this way. -Why not _ it some other way? A. try to do B. try doing C. trying to do D. trying doing 33. To say is one thing, and _is another. A. to do B. doing C. to do it D. sayin
25、g it 34. Since you find it difficult _a decision, youd better _ a discussion with your parents. A. reach; have B. reaching; have C. reach; having D. to reach; have 35. He would rather go than_ here for the night. A. to stay B. stay C. staying D. stayed 36.The purpose of mastering a new technology is
26、 to make life easier, _it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make 37. Ive worked with children before, so I know what_ in my new job. A. expected B. expects C. to expect D. to be expecting 38.There isnt any difference between the two. I really dont know_ . A. where to
27、 choose B. what to choose C. which to choose D. to choose which 39. She didnt know whether to sell her books or_. A. to keep them for reference B. if she should keep them for reference C. keeping them for reference D. kept them for reference 40. Paul doesnt have to be made _ .He always works hard. A
28、. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 41. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him_ . A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to 42. The patient was warned _oily（油腻） food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 43. I wo
29、uld love _to the party last night, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone 44. Nobody noticed the thief slip（溜进） into the house because the lights happened to_. A. be put up B. give inC. be turned on D. go out 45. My father hates_. He never
30、allows me_ . A. to smoke; to smoke B. smoking; smokingC. smoke; smoking D. smoking; to smoke 46. The girl was beginning_. A. get angry B. to get angry C. getting angry D. angry 47. The Internet makes it easy _ much new information in a short time. A. get B. to get C. gets D. getting48. Do you mind _
31、 the window? A. my opening B. my to open C. if I am going to open D. if I will open49.If he succeeded _ a job, his children wouldnt be suffering from hunger now. A. to find B. to look for C. in finding D. in looking for50._ his mother, the baby could not help _.A. To see；to laugh B. Seeing；to laughC. Seeing；laughing D. To see；laughing
