1、- 1 -现在完成时1. 意义：表示过去1) 发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成 影响或后果2) 某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态 2. 基本构成：have/has+ done (过去分词)3. 句型 基本结构：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词) a. 肯定句：主语+have/has+ done (过去分词)b. 否定句：主语+have/has+not+ done (过去分词)c. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+ done (过去分词)d. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+ done 过去分词二、过去分词与动词的过去式一样，动词的过去分词有规则动词过去分
2、词和不规则动词过去分词两种。1. 规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同1) 一般动词，在词尾直接加 “ ed ” 如：workworkedworked; playplayedplayed; enjoyenjoyedenjoyed.2) 以“e” 结尾的动词，只在词尾加“d ” 如：dancedanceddanced; livelived lived; placeplacedplaced.3) 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i” ，再加“ed”注意：元音字母+y 结尾的动词的过去分词的变法参见一般动词。如：carry carriedca
3、rried; hurryhurriedhurried; crycriedcried4) 重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个辅音字母，再加“ed” 如：planplanned planned; stopstoppedstopped; dropdroppeddropped2. 不规则动词不规则动词的过去分词有 5 种形式：A-A-A 如：costcostcost; cutcutcut; hithithitA-B-B 如：bringbrought brought; buildbuiltbuilt; catchcaughtcaught; keepkeptkept; sell soldso
4、ld; smellsmeltsmelt; learnlearntlearnt; say saidsaid; meetmetmet; makemademade; leave leftleft 此类变化涉及到的动词较多，需要同学们认真记忆。A-B-C 如：begin beganbegun; blowblewblown; drivedrovedrive; breakbrokebroken; forgetforgotforgotten; eatateeaten; taketooktaken; dodid done 此类变化涉及到的动词较多，需要同学们认真记忆。A-A-B 如：beatbeatbeate
5、n A-B-A 如：comecamecome 不规则动词的过去分词变化规则多，但是还是有一定的规律所循，希望同学们多花心思，细心记下，这是使用完成时态的基础。三、用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在。I have spent all of my money. 我花光了身上所有的钱。(含义是：I dont have any money now.) Jane has laid the table. Jane 已经把桌子摆好了。- 2 -(含义是：We can sit and have dinner.)
6、 Michael has been ill. Michael 病了。(含义是：He cant come to school.) He has returned from abroad. 他已经从国外回来了。(含义是：Hes at home now.) 2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与 for（+时间段） ，since （ +时间点）连用。Mary has been ill for three days. Mary 已经病了三天了。I have lived here since 1998. 我从 1998 年起一直住在这。I have been a tea
7、cher for 10 years. 我当老师已经 10 年了。注意：点动词（buy, die, join, finish 等）不能直接与 for, since 连用，需要改变动词。1) have 代替 buy I have bought new car. 他买了辆新车。( 含义：他自己有车，不用搭别人车等。)I have had this bike for almost 7 years. 我买这辆自行车七年了。2) 用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow He has kept the book for a long time. 他借这书好长时间了。 3) 用 be in 替代 co
8、me to/ join/ move to 等How long have you been in America? 你来美国多久了？ 4) 用 be+副词 替代 start/ get up/ return to/go back toThe show has been on for half an hour. Hurry up!演出已经开始了半个小时了。快点！Ive been up for an hour, but I still feel sleepy.我起床已经一个小时了，但是我还是觉得很困。He has been back to his hometown for a year, but he
9、s still missing the life in thecity.他回到故乡都一年了，但是他还是很怀念城市生活。总之，后加时间的完成时表达中，都表达一个动作所延续的时间，而点动词只表达那一动作，动作之后所处的状态，应该用相应的状态词来表达，如 come 是“ 来”的意思，而来之后的日子都是 “在”因为不能用 come 表达，应该用 be in来表达，意为“一直处于”。3. 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday, in1990, three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以
10、和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。如：I have finished my homework yesterday. ()I finished my homework yesterday. ()1)副词 already 和 yetalready 一般用于肯定句中， yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：Ive already slept for 12 hours but Im still feeling tired. 我都睡了 12 个小时了可是我还是很累。I havent finished working yet. 我还没有完成工作。Have you found your lost cat ye
11、t?你找到你丢了的小猫了吗？2)ever 和 never多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“ 从未”。 - 3 -如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -No, I havent. I have never been to the Great Wall. 3)用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如： just, before, up to now, the past few years 等。如：I have just finished my paper. Ive dream about that before. Up to now, he has go
12、t 3 gold medals in the Olympic Games.He has been there three times the last few days.4)用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term)等。如：-Have you met him today?-No, I havent.How many times have you been there this year?（一）单项选择1. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they _ what happened t
13、o him.A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know2. Have you met Mr. Li _?A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago 3. The famous writer _ two new books in the past two year.A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written 4. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ it twice.A. will see B. have
14、seen C. saw D. see5. -These farmers have been to the United States.-Really? When _ there?A. will they g B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone 6. -_ you _ your homework yet?-Yes. I _ it a moment ago.A. Did; do; finished B. Have; done; finished C. Have; done; have finished D. will; do; finish
15、7. His father _ the Party since 1978. A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in8. -Do you know him well? -Sure. We _ friends since ten years ago. A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made9. -How long have you _ here? -About two months. A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived10. The house is
16、 dirty. We _ it for weeks.A. didnt clean B. hadnt cleaned C. dont clean D. havent cleaned11. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet12. He _ English for six years by the time he takes his examination.A. has studied B. studied C. will study D. had st
17、udied初二语法：现在完成时补充教学难点：完成时中非延续性动词向延续性动词的转换1、什么时候一定要用延续性动词：在含有以下三个标志词的完成时句型中：since，for ，how long2、哪些瞬间性动词需要变成相应的延续性动词或结构open- be open close- be closed come/go/ arrive- be (in) become- bestart/ begin - be on finish/end- be overleave- be away die- be dead- 4 -get up- be up wake up- be awakeget married-
18、be married borrow- keepcatch a cold- have a cold buy- have join - be in/ be a member of3、句型：(1)如：这本书他借了一个月了。( 不用 borrow)He has kept the book for a month. He has kept the book since a month ago.(2)这本书他借了多久了？ How long has he kept the book?一、单项选择 1. My god! I _ the book from the library for more than t
19、wo months.Go to see if you will be fined.A. have lent B. have borrowed C. have returned D. have kept2. David, where have you _ recently? I have _ to Shanghai with classmates.A. been, gone B. been, been C. gone, been D. gone, gone3. Where is Jacks brother? I havent seen him for a long time._.A. He ha
20、s been to Suzhou B. He has gone to SuzhouC. He is going to Suzhou D. He will go to Suzhou4. My friends have _ there since the firm set up.A. work B. start working C. begun to work D. worked5. Sara _ the Summer Palace twice.A. went to B. goes to C. has gone to D. has been to6. It _ 20 years since the
21、y _ to China.A. was, came B. was, have come C. is, have come D. is, came 7. -_ to Italy?-No, never, but I went to France 5 years ago.A. Did you go B. Have you gone C. Have you been D. Are you going8. She is not going to the concerts this Sunday night because she _ her ticket.A. didnt lose B. has los
22、t C. will lose D. didnt have9. Stephen has studied Chinese in China _.A. for three months B. three monthsagoC. since three months D. for three monthsago10. We _ our mission so far. It is really fantastic.Ato finish B. finish C. have finished D. finishing11. Mathew_ already _ Eton Town since 1998.A.
23、have, lived B. has, lived C. have, live D. has, living12. -Are you familiar with the famous singer-Jay Chou?-Certainly! I _ to his concerts many times.A. go B. am going C. have gone D. goes13. -Nowadays my hometown has taken a new look. It is so wonderful.-Really. Great changes _during the past 30 y
24、ears.A. have taken place B. are taken place C. took place D. take place14. -Where is my wallet? -I _it here just now but I cant find it now.A. saw B. have seen C. was seeing D. see15. Its 8:00 now. You_ to write your homework yet, Bob.A. havent started B. didnt start C. dont start D. wont start 16.
25、My elder sister _ a new pair of trousers last night. I _ them on. They are perfect.A. has made, tried B. made, tried C. had made, have tried D. made, have tried17-We _how to drive already.-When _ you learn?-Two years ago!A. learned, does B. learned, did C. have learned, does D. have learned, did18.
26、Billy _up for a few minutes.A. was getting B. is getting C. has got D. has been19-_ Jim and you _ the paragraphs _ ? -Yes, we _ them last night.A. Have, copied, already, have B. Did, copy, yet, did - 5 -C. Have, copied, yet, did D. Did, copy, ever, had20. -Have you finished your homework _?-No,_.A.
27、already, not yet B. yet, not yet C. already, I havent D. ever, not yet二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. With a book in his hand, Mr. Liu _(hurry) to enter the room just now.2. Nicolas _(make) a lot of friends since 2000.3. They _(know) many foreigners up till now.4. He _ already _(write) a letter to the president of
28、 the U.S.A.5. When _ she _(leave)? 4 weeks ago.6. _ you ever_(watch) the movie?Yes, I _.Where _ you _(watch) it?At Beijing Theater.7. Sally, I _( not see) you for a long time. Yeah, I also miss you very much.8. The class_ (end).for ten minutes. 9. How long _ she _(be) ill?10. They _(stop) to have a
29、rest already.三、按要求完成句子(同义句转换，每空一词 )。1. The twins arrived home three days ago.The twins _ _ home for three days.2. They bought a new computer last week.They have _ a new computer_ last week.3. The foreign guests left China two days ago.The foreign guests have _ _ from China for two days.4. The film b
30、egan fifteen minutes ago.The film _ _ _ for fifteen minutes.5. The old lady died 10 years ago. The old lady _ _ _ for 10 years.四. 根据汉语提示完成句子1你最近收到你美国笔友的来信了吗？_ you _ _ your American pen-pal _ ?2. 我们已经很长时间没有看望老师了。We_ _ our teacher _ _ _ _.3. Billy 曾经去过几次日本。Billy _ _ _ Japan for _ times.4. 他们已经去火车站了。Th
31、ey _ _ _ _ station.5. 史密斯一家还没有回来。 The Smiths _ _ _ _.注意：现在完成时和一般过去时的区别。现在完成时和一般过去时虽然都表示过去的动作；但现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，强调的是与现在的关系，不能与 in 1949 或 just now 等明确的过去时间状语连用；而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系，它可以和表示明确的过去的时间状语连用。The train has arrived. 火车已经到了。 （没有明确的表示过去的时间状语）The train arrived half an hour ago. 火车
32、是半个小时前到的。 （有明确的表示过去的时间状语）Have you ever been to West Hill Farm? 你去过西山农场么？（强调对现在的影响，暗含是否了解西山农场之意）One day, Mrs. King asked Lucy to go shopping for her. 一天，金夫人让露西去给她买点东西。 （ask 用过去时只表示过去的动作，与现在没有关系。另外有明确过去时间状语 one day）与现在完成时连用的时间状语有：already, never, ever, just, before, in the last/past ten years, so far,
33、for+一段时间等。表示明确的过去的时间状语（in 1949, just now, last week, when 等从句）与一般过去时连用。注意区别：have been to 常用来表示“ 到过某地”，暗示过去的经历使主语对那个地方有所了解， “而现在已经不在该地”；而 have been to 表示“已经出发去了某地”，有“此刻已经在去某地途中或已到达某地之意”暗示过去发生的“go”的动作造成现在不说话现场的结果。Have you ever been to West Farm? 你去过西山农场么？He has gone to England with his family.他与家人去英格兰了。
