1、直接引语和间接引语一、定义：引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的 话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。二 、句型结构及区别：间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。例如： Mr. Black said, “Im busy.” 布莱克先生说：“我很忙。 ”（直接引语）Mr. Black said he was busy. 布莱克先生 说他很忙。 （间接引语）三.用法：1. 陈述句：直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，
2、用连词 that 引导（that在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态等要作相应变化。人称的变化He said, “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它。 ” He said he liked it very much. 他说他非常喜 欢它。2.时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是现在时，从句的时态则无需变化。例如： “I am staying at a Youth Hostel. ” （直接引语）He says he is staying at a Youth Hostel.间接引语） “I have just arrived in Scotland. ” （直接引语）He
3、 says he has just arrived in Scotland. 间接引语）如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。例 句直接引语转换间接引语时时态的变化 直接引语 间接引语一般现在时一般过去时She said, “I am a teacher.” She said she was a teacher.现在进行时过去进行时He said, “I am using theknife.”He said he was using theknife.一般过去时过去完成时He said, “I saw the film.” He said
4、he had seen the film.现在完成时过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said she had not heard from him since May.一般将来时过去将来时Zhou Lan said, “Ill do itafter class.”Zhou Lan said she would do it after class.过去完成时不变 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said he had finished h
5、is homework before supper.can,may,will( going going to) mustcould, might, would,had toHe said, “He may return at six oclock. ”He said(that) he might return at six oclock. 客观真理不变 He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said light travels much faster than sound.3. 其它代词的变化物主代词的变化You should n
6、ot overlook your fault, Mum said to me. Mum told me that I should not overlook my fault. 妈妈对我说我不应该忽略我的缺点。The two boys said, We have lost ur dog. The two boys said they had lost their dog. 这两个男孩说他们的狗丢了。指示代词的变化直接引语中的指示代词thisthese间接引语中的指示代词thatthoseShe said, This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived
7、. She said that that wa the house in which Lu Xun had once lived. 她说那是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。I bought these flowers for you, Jane said. Jane said that she had bought those flowers for me. 简说那些花是她为我买的。I grow these tomatoes myself, he said. He aid that he grew those tomatoes himself. 他说那些胡萝卜是他自己种的。4.时间状语和地点状语的变化时间
8、状语的变化He said, I spoke to them yesterday. He said that h had spoken to them the day before. 他说他前一天跟他们讲过话了。The student said,We have learned about 3,000 English words so far. The student said that they had learned about 3,000 English words by then. 那学生 说到那时为止他们已学会了 3,000 个英语单词。地点状语的变化当直接引语变间引语时，地点状语 he
9、re 通常变为 there。但如果说话人所在地点就是引述人所在地点，那么仍然使用 here.Come here, please, he said. He asked me to come here. 他叫我到这里来。 （引述人地点不变） He asked me to go there. 他叫我到那里去。 （引述人地点发生变化）Here she burst out into a flood of tears, he said to me. He told me that she had burst out into a flood of tears there. 他告诉我说，谈到那个地方她就放声
10、大哭了起来。2. 直接引语如果是一般疑 问句， 选择疑问句或反义疑问句，变间接引语时由 if 或whether 引导，而且必须将原来的疑问句语 序调整为陈述句语序。例如： He asked me “Do you come from China?” （直接引语）He asked me if I came from China. （间 接引语）3.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，由相应的疑问词 who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导，例如：They asked me “where do you live?” （直接引语）They asked
11、me where I lived. （间接引语）4.其它英语中有些疑问句并非提出疑问，而是表示请求、劝告、建议等。这种疑问句变为间接引语时，往往采用其他的形式。suggest doingShall we all go to the film tonight said Michael. 迈克尔说：我们今晚都去看电影，好吗？ Michael suggested going to the film tonight. 迈克尔建议今晚都去看电影。What about having a drink he asked. 他问：喝杯怎么 样？He suggested having a drink. 他建议喝一
12、杯。advise sb to doWhy dont you go hiking asked James. 詹姆士问：你为什么不徒步旅行？James advised me to go hiking. 詹姆士建议我去徒步旅行。. offer to doHe said, Would you like me to post the letter 他说：你要我寄信吗？He offered to ost the letter. 他主动提出寄信。ask sb to doWill you please bring your reference book here tomorrow she said to me
13、. 她对我说：劳驾你明天把你的参考书带来好吗？ She asked me to take my reference book there the next day. 她让我第二天把我的参考书带去。5.祈使句的间接引语1直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语往往用复合宾来表示，其结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（动词不定式）。引述动词可根据口气选用 tell, ask, order, command, request 等词，句中 please 去掉。She said to me, Please have a rest. 她对我说：请休息一下。 She asked me to have a rest. 她
14、要求我休息一下。Dont all answer at once, she said to the pupils. 她对学生说：大家不要齐声回答。 She told the pupils not to answer all at once. 她叫学生不要齐声回答。2带有 let 的祈使句（表示 请求，建 议或命令），可用 suggest + -ing 形式或 suggest +that 从句来表示其相应的意思。Lets go for a walk, said the girl. 那姑娘说，让我们去散散步吧。 The girl suggested going for a walk. 这女孩建议去散
15、散步。The teacher sai, Let Lily tidy the classroom. 老师说：让莉莉整理教室。 The teacher suggested that Lily should tidy the classroom. 老师建议让莉莉整理教室。6. 感叹句的间接引语直接引语是感叹句变为间接引语时，多采用宾语从句结构，既可用what 或 how 引导，也可用 that 引导。What a clever boy you are!my teacher said to him. 老师对他说，你是个聪明的孩子啊！ My teacher told him what a clever
16、boy he was. 老师对他说他是一个多聪明的孩子啊。 My teacher told him that he was a very clever boy. 老师说他是一个非常聪明的孩子。He said, How well you look! 他说：你看起来气色多好啊！ He said how well I looked. 他说我看起来是气色多好啊。 He said that I ooked very well. 他说我看起来气色很好。有些感叹句可以根据原句的意思，采用适当的动词变为陈述句，不需用间接宾语来转述。Help! he cried. 他喊到：救命啊！ He called for
17、help. 他大声呼救。What terrible weather it is!he said. 他说：多么糟糕的天气！ He complained about the terrible weather. 他抱怨这糟糕的天气。Happy Chrismas! he said. 他说：圣诞快乐！He wished me a happy Christmas. 他祝我圣诞快乐。练习：Turn the following sentences into indirect speech. 把下列句子变换成间接引语。Model: “I will never forget this interesting le
18、sson,” said Paul. Paul said (that) he would never forget that interesting lesson.1. “I have got a cold.” He says._2. “I need a haircut.” He says._3. “Im not free.” Tom said._4. “Do you like American movies?” the woman asked._5. “What are you watching?” Uncle Wang askes me.6. “I cant do this Maths pr
19、oblem.” what did he tell you?_7. “I may go to climb the mountain.” what did he say?_8. “You must wait here,” the teacher said to her students._9. “Im going to write a report next week,” said she._10. “I havent heard from my parents these days,” said he._11. “Im doing my homework,” said she._12. “Ill
20、 leave tomorrow,” said Mary._13. “The earth goes around the sun,” said Tom._14. She said to us, “I went to Beijing twice.”_15. “Im busy.” He asked me._16. “Why are you busy?” He asked me._17. “Does Tom always get up late?” He wants to know._18. “When does Tom get up?” He wants to know._19. “Are you dreaming?” The teacher asked me._20. “What are you dreaming?” The teacher asked me._21. “Are you cooking?” My father asked me._22. “What are you cooking?” My father asked me._23. “Did Tom have a bath?” I want to know._24. “When did Tom have a bath?” I want to know_
