1、Please read the passage within 2 minutes and then answer the following qeustions.Passage AThe word, friend, covers a wide range of meanings. It can be an odding acquaintance, a comrade, a confidant, a partner, a playmate, an intimate colleague, etc.Everyone needs friendship. No one can sail the ocea
2、n of life single-handed. We need help from, and also give help to others. In modern times, people attach more importance to relations and connections. A man of charisma has many friends. His power lies in his ability to give.As life is full of strife and conflict, we need friends to support and help
3、 us out of difficulties. Our friends give us warnings against danger. Our friends offer us advice with regard to how do deal with various situations. True friends share not only our joys but also our sorrows.With friendship, life is happy and harmonious. Without friendship, life is sad and unfortuna
4、te. I have friends in high positions and friends in the rank and file. Some are rich and in power. Some are relatively poor and without power. Some are like myself, working as a teacher, reading and writing, content with a simple life. We all care for each other, love and help each other. We feel we
5、 are the happiest when we chat and exchange ideas with one another. With my friends, I know what to treasure, what to tolerate and what to share.I will never forget my old friends, and Ill keep making new friends. I will not be cold and indifferent to my poor friends, and I will show concern for the
6、m, even if it is only a comforting word.Words and ExpressionsAcquaintance 熟人Comrade 同志Confidant 知己，密友Intimate 亲密的attach importance to 重视Charisma krizm 魅力Strife, conflict 冲突，争吵with regard to 关于Unfortunate 不幸Rank and file 普通百姓Indifferent 麻木的Questions：1. Whats the main idea of this passage?2. Can you d
7、escribe one of your best friends to us? What kind of role does a friend play in your life?Passage BThe accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientists timekeeping methods. For this reason,scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more pre
8、cise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking“ .This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia , f
9、or example, vibrates or “ticks“ 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical is a sesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the te
10、mperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecue may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einsteins relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a
11、 speed of 18000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time readings to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop would be checked against the differences predicted.1.Scientists expect that the atomic clocks will be _.a.mo
12、re preciseb.absolutely accuratec.more durabled.indestructible2.The heart of the atomichron is _.a.acesium atomb.an ammonia moleculec.a nitrogen atomd.a hydrogen3.From the selection,we may assume that temperature changes_.a.affect only ammonia moleculesb.may affect the vibration rate of atomsc.affect
13、 the speed at which atoms traveld.do not affect atoms in any way4.Identical atomic clocks may be used to check_.a.the effect of outer space on an atomic clockb.the actual speed of an orbiting satellitec.the accuracy of predictions based on theories of relativityd.all of Einsteins theories5.Implied b
14、ut not stated:_.a.Precise timekeeping is essential in scienceb.Scientists expect to disprove Einsteins relativity theoriesc.Atomic clocks will be important in space flightd.The rate of vibration of an atom never varies Words and ExpressionsAccuracy 精确度，准确性Observation 观察Calculation 计算at the mercy of
15、受支配Device 设备Precise, accurate 精确的，准确的Atomic 原子的Molecule 分子nitrogen atom 氮原子Ammonia moni 氨Prediction 预见，预言Einsteins relativity theories 爱因斯坦的相对论理论Satellite 卫星Passage CThe $11 billion self-help industry is built on the idea that you should turn negative thoughts like “I never do anything right” into p
16、ositive ones like “I can succeed.” But was positive thinking advocate Norman Vincent Peale（罗曼文森特皮尔）right? Is there power in positive thinking?Researchers in Canada just published a study in the journal Psychological Science that says trying to get people to think more positively can actually have th
17、e opposite effect: it can simply highlight how unhappy they are.The studys authors, Joanne Wood and John Lee of the University of Waterloo and Elaine Perunovic of the University of New Brunswick, begin by citing older research showing that when people get feedback which they believe is overly positi
18、ve, they actually feel worse, not better. If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, youre justifying his faults. In one 1990s experiment, a team including psychologist Joel Cooper of underline Princeton asked participants to write essays opposing funding for the disabled.
19、 When the essayists were later praised for their sympathy, they felt even worse about what they had written.In this experiment, Wood, Lee and Perunovic measured 68 students self-esteem. The participants were then asked to write down their thoughts and feelings for four minutes. Every 15 seconds, one
20、 group of students heard a bell. When it rang, they were supposed to tell themselves, “I am lovable.”Those with low self-esteem didnt feel better after the forced self-affirmation. In fact, their moods turned significantly darker than those of members of the control group, who werent urged to think
21、positive thoughts.The paper provides support for newer forms of psychotherapy (心理治疗) that urge people to accept their negative thoughts and feelings rather than fight them. In the fighting, we not only often fail but can make things worse. Meditation (静思) techniques, in contrast, can teach people to
22、 put their shortcomings into a larger, more realistic perspective. Call it the power of negative thinking.1. What do we learn from the first paragraph about the self-help industry?A) It is a highly profitable industry.B) It is based on the concept of positive thinking.C) It was established by Norman
23、 Vincent Peale.D) It has yielded positive results.2. What is the finding of the Canadian researchers?A) Encouraging positive thinking may do more harm than good.B) There can be no simple therapy for psychological problems.C) Unhappy people cannot think positively.D) The power of positive thinking is
24、 limited.3. What does the author mean by “.youre just underlining his faults” (Line 4, Para.3)?A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.C) You are emphasizing the fact that he is not intelligent.D) You are trying to make him feel better
25、about his faults.4. What do we learn from the experiment of Wood, Lee and Perunovic?A) It is important for people to continually boost their self-esteem.B) Self-affirmation can bring a positive change to ones mood.C) Forcing a person to think positive thoughts may lower their self-esteem.D) People w
26、ith low self-esteem seldom write down their true feelings.5. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A) The effects of positive thinking vary from person to person.B) Meditation may prove to be a good form of psychotherapy.C) Different people tend to have different ways of thinking.D) People can av
27、oid making mistakes through meditation.Words and Expressions Negative 负面的，否定的Positive 正面的，积极的Journal 日报Advocate 主张，倡导Highlight 突出，强调Feedback 反馈Potential 潜力Experiment 实验Psychologist 心理学家Underline 强调Essay 论文Urge 催促Sympathy 同情self-esteem 自尊self-affirmation 自我肯定Shortcoming 缺点Realistic 现实的，实际的Perspective 观点in contrast 相对比make Worse 让更糟糕
