1、总复习四 非谓语动词非谓语动词非谓语动词包括三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词。非谓语动词的特征就是在句子中不能充当谓语动词。它没有人称和数的变化。但是，它仍然保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。动词不定式一、动词不定式动词不定式的基本结构为 to+动词原形（有时可不加 to） 。在句中除不能作谓语外，其他成分都可作。1、作主语e.g To give is better than to receive.给予总比接收好。To study English well is not easy.学好英语不容易。To see once is bet
2、ter than to hear a hundred times.百闻不如一见。2、作宾语He wants to take these books to the classroom. I dont like to be late for school.I didnt think to meet you here.He doesnt know how to make a kite.3、作宾语补足语My mother told me not to read in the bed.We would you like to go shopping with us.不定式作主语时，可用形式主语“it”来
3、代替。把不定式放在句末。构成“It is to do”句型。上面各句可改为：It is better to give than to receive.It is not easy to study English well.It is better to see once than to hear a hundred times.“to+动词原形 ”中的叫做小品词，不是介词。介词之后跟名词或代词的宾格，而不定式之后跟动词原形。hope,wish,want,agree,promise 三个希望两答应ask,demand,refuse 两个要求一拒绝 manage,learn,decide 设法学
4、会作决定pretend,choose 不要假装在选择下列动词都可用这种形式：tell, ask, get, invite, allow, help, wish, want, like, would like, hate, prefer, order在感观动词和使役动词后，可跟不带的不定式作宾语补足语，这些动词是：see,hear,watch,notice,feel,make,let,havee.g He saw Li Ping come to the classroom. 他看见李平走进了教室。Dont forget to have her leave earlier. 别忘了让她早点走。这些
5、句子变被动语态时一定要加上“to ” 。另外 help 之后可以跟 to do 也可以跟 do。e.g Liu Ying often helps her mother (to) clean their house.感观动词 see,hear,watch,notice,feel 等词之后，还可以用分词作宾语，区别为：不定式表示动作发生了，表全过程；分词则表示动作正在进行。I saw him come in. 我看见他进来了。I saw him coming in. 我看见他正往里走。4、作表语My job is to teach.His wish is to become a singer.5、
6、作定语He is the first student to speak at the meeting.他是第一个在会上发言的学生。The best time to come to China is in spring or autumn.来中国的最佳时间春天和秋天。He has something to say.他有点事要说。I have something important to do.我有些重要的事要做。6、作状语He came to teach the little girl English.(表目的)他来给这个小女孩上英语课。I went to visit my uncle last
7、 Sunday.（表目的）上星期天我去探望了我的叔叔。In order to study English well,she often does more speaking and does more writing.为了把英语学好，他经常多说多写。 （表目的）What has he said to make you so sad? （表结果）他说了什么话让你这么伤心？一感 feel二听 listen to hear三让 let have make四看 watch see notice observeThey lifted a rock only to drop in on their own
8、 feet.（表结果）他们搬起石头砸了自己的脚。I am sorry to hear that. （表原因）听到这件事我感到很难过。The question is quite difficult to answer. （表原因）这个问题很难回答。The room is comfortable to live in. （表原因）这个房间住起来很舒服。 二、不定式的“疑问词+不定式”结构1、作主语How to use the computer is a problem.2、作表语The question is how to go to the park3、作宾语I didnt decide whe
9、ther to go.4、作宾补She often teaches me how to read and write.三、too+形容词或副词 +to do sth 结构She is too young to go to school.tooto 这一结构在下列几种情况下，不表示否定而表示肯定。1、当 too 和 anxious，ready ，kind 等词搭配时。He is too ready to find fault with others. 他太爱挑别人的毛病了。They were too anxious to leave. 他们急着要走。Its too kind of you to
10、help us repair the car. 你真是太好了，帮助我们修车。2、too 前面有 not, never， no longer 等否定词时。 One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。He is no longer too shy to ask questions. 他不在胆怯，敢问问题了。The box is not too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子并不重，我提得动。3、too 前面有 but，only 等词时，表示“非常” 、 “很”的意思。I am only too pleased to help you. 我
11、很高兴帮助你。You know but too well to hold your tongue. 你知道少言为佳。4、当不定式前面有 not 时。 You are too wise not to know that. 你很聪明，必然会知道那件事情。She was too angry not to say that. 她盛怒之下也难免会说出那样的话。四、不定式的“(not) +形容词或副词+ enough to”结构和 “(not) + 形容词或副词+enough for sb/ sth to do”1、这种结构中不定式也用来作状语表结果。意思是“能够做某事”或“不能做某事” 。He is o
12、ld enough to join the army.他大了能够参军了。这个小男子英语学得不好，他不懂你的意思。The little boy doesnt study English well enough to understand you.2、这种结构可跟“”结构的句弄互换。This question was too difficult for everyone in our class to answer.这个问题太难了，我们班所有人都回答不上来。This question was not easy enough for everyone in our class to answer.动
13、名词一、动句词的语法功能1、作主语Playing football is their favorite sport. 踢足球是他们最喜爱的运动。Living here is very safe. 居住在这里是很安全的。2、作宾语He is condidering changing a job. 他正在考虑换一份工作。3、作表语Living is also learning. 生活也是学习。His favorite sport is running. 他最喜欢的运动是跑步。4、作定语We all attended the opening ceremony. 我们都参加了开幕式。Susan win
14、 the first prize in the singing competition. 苏姗获得了歌唱比赛的一等奖。二、作直接宾语时，动名词与动词不定式在含义在的区别。1、forget to do sthForget doing sth2、remember to do sthremember doing3、stop to do sthstop doing sth4、reget to do sthreget doing sth三、want,need,requir 表示“需要”时，后面的宾语常使用动名词或不定式的被动式。This car needs repairing.This car need
15、s to be repraired. 这辆车需要修理一下。The road wants rebuilding.The road wants to be rebuilt. 这条道需要重新修建。四、动名词的常用句型1、go +doing sth 去做 go hiking go hunting go skating2、be worth +doing sth 工 值得做This film is worth seeing.3、cant help +doing sth 禁不住They cant help laughing when they saw him.4、be used to +doing sth
16、习惯做His father is used to walking to his office.5、It is no use(good)+ doing sth 做没用Its no use waiting here for her.6、forgive sb for +doing sth 原谅某人做某事They all forgave the for doing such a thing.7、without +doing sth 没有做就She kept sitting there without saying to anybody.8、no +doing 表示禁止、不准No parking. No
17、 smoking.9、prevent /stop sb from doing sth 避免/ 阻止某人做某事You must prevent the children from touching the dangerous things.分词一、现在分词和过去分词的区别1、它们所表示的语态不同。现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，经常用于表示事物；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的情况。This is an exciting film.The excited people ran to the gate.2、它们所表示的时间不同。现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词说明已经完成了的动
18、作或行为。This is a falling leaf.This is a fallen leaf.3、它们所表示的语义不同。多数现在分词的汉语可译为“使人”或“令人如何”,用来说明事物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到” ，说明人的感觉。The story is interesting.The students in his class is interested in physics.4、它们所用的修饰语不同。现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语 very，而过去分词之前常用修饰语 much。The story is very boring.We were much bored at the
19、 story.二、过去分词在句子中的作用 1、作定语The girl took away thek broken glass.2、作表语She is interested in playing the violin.3、作状语She stood there much disapointed.4、作宾补The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard.三、现在分词在句子中的作用1、作表语The news is exciting.2、作定语The sleeping baby is hers.The car parking under the tr
20、ee is mine.3、作状语The girl drove away crying.中考原题重现( )1.Alice asked me _ another bag for me.A.get B.got C.to get D.getting( )2.The young man was often seen _ by the lake.A.to draw B.to drawing C.draw D.drew( )3.The menu has so many good things! I cant decide _.A.what to eat B.how to eat C.where to eat
21、 D.when to eat( )4.A businessman from Zhejiang Province plans _ the first Chinese space touist by paying 200.200 _ the 3.5 hour ride at the end of 2008.A.become,to take B.become,take C.to become,take D.to become,to take( )5.China will spend about 52 million yuan _ new airports and _ old ones in the
22、west of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan period.A.repairing,building B.to build,repair C.building,repairing D.to repair,build( )6.What did you sister say to you last night?-She asked me _ my father her secret.A.to tell not B.not to tell C.dont tell D.not tell( )7.They are too tired,so they stop _and
23、 have a rest.Aworking B.to work C.work D.worked( )8.What should I do,doctor?-_ healthy,you should take more exercise.A.Keep B.Keeping C.To take D.Having kept( )9.Millie,could you give me some advice? I dont know _.A,when to wear B.what to wear C.how to wear D.where to wear( )10.He coughed day and ni
24、ght. His wife asked him _ smoking.A.giving up B.going on C.to give up D.to go on( )11.Our teacher told us again _ to each other in the library.A.to speak B.not to speak C.dont speak D.speaking( )12.We can use QQ to talk with each other online.-Really? Could you please show me_ it?A.what to do B.how
25、to do C.when to do D.why to do( )13. More and more foreign friends enjoy _ to Peking Opera.A.listen B.to listen C.listening D.listened( )14.He is very tired. Youd better _.A.not to wake him up B.not wake him upC.wake him up D.to wake him up( )15.What about playing football this afternoon,Sam?-I woul
26、d rather _ at home than _ football. Its too hot outside.A.stay, playing B.say, play C.to stay, to play D.to say, playing( )16.Our parents often tell us not _ alone in the river in summer.A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.dont swim( )17.Why not _ music club? -Im sorry. I cant sing or dance.A.to join B.jo
27、in C.joining D.to join in( )18. All my classmates want _ something for the 2008 Olympics.A.do B.doing C.to do D.done( )19.After the discussion,the students asked the teacher _next.A.which to do B.what to do C.how to do D.what to do it( )20.Its important _ to piano well.A.of him to play B.for him to
28、play C.of him playing D.for him playing( )21.Its good habit _ breakfast every day.A.had B.have C.has D.to have( )22.Dont make me _ this or that. Im too busy!A.to do B.do C.doing D.done( )23.There are some dangerous fishes in this river,and Ive warned Jack _ here.A.not to swim B.to not swim C.swim no
29、t to D.to swim not( )24.Mother asks me _ computer games before finishing my homework.A.not play B.to play C.not to play D.to not play( )25.My mother asked me _ in bed.A.not read B.not to read C.not reading D.to not read( )26.My grandfather wants _ around the world because he enjoys _ new places.A.tr
30、avelling, seeing B.to travel,to see C.to travel, seeing D.travelling,to see( )27.All the children like Mr White very much because he often makes them _.A.laughed B.laugh C.laughing D.to laugh( )28.Tell _ back tomorrow.A.John to come B.John come C.to join to come D.to John come( )29.He made me _ it a
31、gain.A.to do B.do C.doing D.that I do( )30.Im hungry. Give me something _.A.eat B.eating C.for eating D.to eat( )31.He is too tired _ any longer.A.cant walk B.walking C.to walk D.walks( )32.Who taught you _ a car?A.driving B.to drive C.riding D.to ride( )33.She enjoys _ to light music.A.listening B.
32、to listening C.on listen D.listened( )34.I went _ a Christmas tree today.A.choose B.to choose C.choosing D.chose( )35.Where is Mr.Green? -He _ to America.A.has been B.has gone C.went D.will go( )36.Dont you see _ into the classroom?A.he running B.he run C.him run D.him running( )37.They kept on _ us
33、 letters.A.to send B.send C.sent D.sending( )38.English is not too difficult _.A.for learning B.learn C.to learn D.learning中考仿真模拟( )1.The boss made his workers _ from morning till night.A.work B.to work C.working D.worked( )2.The little boy refused _ any question.A.answer B.answering C.to answer D.a
34、nswered( )3. “Why _ here so long,Tom?” said his father.A.to stay B.stay C.staying D.stays( )4.Mr Li spent three years _ the book.A.on writing B.wrote C.writing D.writes( )5.Mr Cheng _ in Lixin Country,Anhui Province.A.was used to live B.used to living C.used to live D.got used to live( )6.Mr Li made
35、 a radio _ the news.A.listen to B.listening to C.to listen to D.listen( )7.A knife is used for _.A.cut B.cuting C.cutting D.cuts( )8.The student began _ he was wrong.A.to see B.seeing C.saw D.seen( )9.Zhang Fei was used to _ with his eyes open.A.sleeping B.sleep C.be sleeping D.be slept( )10.Nothing
36、 can stop me from _ to college.A.going B.gone D.be going D.went( )11.I dont feel like _ the place again.A.to visit B.visiting C.visit D.visited( )12.I have heard him _ about you often.A.spoke B.speaks C.speak D.to speak( )13.I am hungry. Get me something _.A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.for eating( )14.T
37、here is not any difference between the two. I really dont know _.A.where to choose B.which to choose C.to choose what D.to choose which( )15.The teacher told them _ go out of the room.A.dont B.not C.will not D.not to( )16.The farmers want us _ together with them.A.work B.working C.to work D.worked(
38、)17.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the air _ against your face.A.moved B.moving C.moves D.to move( )18.Do you remember _?A.seeing the man before B.to see the man beforeC.saw the man before D.see the man before( )19.I couldnt help _ when the boy made faces at us.A.laugh B.to
39、 laugh C.laughing D.laughing at ( )20.Have you decided when _? -Yes,tomorrow morning.A.to leave B.to be leaving C.will you leave D.are you leave( )21.I really enjoy _ that kind of job.A.do B.doing C.to do D.to be doing( )22.He had his leg _ in the match yesterday.A.to break B.broken C.break D.breaki
40、ng( )23.Go on _ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to do B.doing C.with D.to be doing( )24.She reached the top of the hill and stopped _.A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest( )25.The light in the office is still on. Oh,I forgot _.A.turning it off B.turn it off C.to turn it
41、off D.having turned it off( )26.My little sister should like _ to the cinema this evening.A.to be taken B.to take C.being taken D.taking( )27.I usually go there by train. Why not _ by boat for a change?A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going( )28.The students are busy _ for the exa
42、m.A.go prepare B.prepared C.preparing D.to preparing( )29.Have you finished _ the notice on the blackboard?A.written B.wrote C.writing D.to write( )30.You had better get a doctor _ your bad tooth.A.pull out B.to pull out C.pulled out D.pulling out( )31.Im sorry to have kept you _.A.wait B.to wait C.
43、waited D.waiting( )32.Dont make him _ it if he doesnt want do.A.do B.to do C.doing D.that he do( )33.He raised his voice so as to make himself _.A.hear B.hearing C.be heared D.heard( )34.Even on holidays,he preferred _ to _.A.working, do nothing B.working, doing nothingC.to work, do nothing D.to wor
44、k,doing nothing( )35.Aunt Li often asks her son _ too much meat.A.dont eat B.not to eat C.not eat D.to not eat( )36.It _ Jack twenty minutes _ the math problem yesterday.A.took, to work out B.takes, to work out C.as taken, working out D.is taking, working out( )37.What makes you _ it is going to rai
45、n tomorrow?A.to think B.thought C.think D.thinking( )38.Youd better _ on Sundays. Its too crowded.A.go shopping B.not go shopping C.not to go shopping D.to go shopping( )39.They preferred _ in bed rather than _ horses.A.to lie,to ride B.lying,riding C.to lie,ride D.lying,ride( )40.W ould you show me
46、 _ an e-mail,please? First time for me.A.how to make B.how to send C.which to make D.when send( )41.Its hard to keep the house _ with three kids.A.cleaning B.to clean C.cleaned D.clean( )42.The light of this room was _ dim for Tom _ read last night.A.too,to B.enough,to C.too,not to D.not enough,to( )43.Most families in China now have only one child. Parents should teach them _ others when they are young.A.what to
