1、视译顺句驱动口译是一项注重意义传递而非仅仅文字翻译的跨文化交际服务活动，其核心在于摆脱语言结构的束缚， “脱离语一言外壳” 。尤其在两种结构差异大的语言之间进行翻译更要抓住深层含义，不惜调整原文结构顺序以求译文符合受众语一言理解的习惯。但是在视译和同声翻译中进行顺译时译员因受到语言结构差异的干扰，不得不按照句子成分出现的顺序进行断句并整合。断句指的是不等听完整个句子，甚至才听到几个字就开始说出译文，如同把句子切开，按照听到的顺序，分段处理。这与笔译原则大相径庭。口译实战中应尽量争取依照原文的语序口译，以减轻译员压力。要做到这一点，就需要断句，而断句靠变通，包括词性和句式的变通。视译多用于法庭口
2、译，也常用作训练同声翻译前的初阶练习，目的旨在使学生学会断句并迅速反应，提高口头表达能力。视译分视阅口译（sight interpreting with text）和视听口译(sight interpreting with text while listening )。视阅口译也就是边看边译（但还有准备和无准备区分） 。后者指带稿同传。视阅口译融阅读理解、断句、记忆、口头翻译等技能于一体，要做到合理分配注意力不是一件容易的事。边读边译需要译者按照出现的先后把句子切成小段（断句） ，先阅读到的内容先译，同时迅速转向下一个视幅（eye span） ，所及的部分，在口译时还需注意目标语的联惯性（co
3、herence ）和可接受性 (acceptability)，也就是灵活整合。尽管视译和交替传译的信息摄入渠道不同，但是经过视译训练强化的断句和灵活整合技能有助于提高本科生将复杂的句子“化繁为简”的能力，视译训练还有利于培养学生根据意义单位，进行逻辑分析和准确抓大意的能力，以及熟悉各种体裁模式进而进行预测的能力，最终改善口译表达能力，提高口译效率和质量。I. Principles for singt interpretation1. Syntactic Linearity 顺句驱动为了避免语言结构重大调整对人脑认知负荷的影响，口译员常常是在总体上依照英文的行文次序，把整个句子切分成意群单位或信
4、息单位，再使用连接词把这些单位连接起来，译出整体意思。e.g. 所有人/都可以借助互联网资源/来学习，/不论他们是哪个民族、/ 何种性别、/何种肤色，/只要他们可以介入互联网。All /can study / by relying on internet recourses/ regardless of their races, /nationalities/and sex/providing that they could have access to the internet.2. Readjustment 随时调整指译员根据接收到的新内容调整信息、纠正错误、补充漏译的重要环节。 Our
5、national report will be presented to the secretarait between now and Kyoto.3. Anticipate 适度超前 指口译过程中的预测技能，就是在信息还不完整的情况下，译员靠自己的能力、知识及临场经验，预测发言人可能要讲的内容而进行超“前翻译” ，从而赢得时间，紧跟发言人进行同步翻译。e.g. 套话口译: 我谨代表/对与会代表表示热烈欢迎/并预祝本次大会(取得圆满成功)/Please allow me to be on behalf of to extend our warmest welcome to the parti
6、cipants of this conferenceand wish the conference a success4. Reformulation 信息重组信息重组是同声传译的总策略，因为中英文语言差别比较大，很难做到一一对应地口译，视译时，英遵循“信息”的原则。也就是将源语信息在目标语中根据目标语的语言习惯重新组织信息。e.g. Strange behavior on the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has been observed over a number of years now. A team of marine sci
7、entists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior. But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.重组： Over a number of years/ whales in the southern Altlantic have been observe behaving strangely/. To explain this behavior a team of marine scientists has co
8、me up with a new theory./ But there has arisen a considerable contravercy about the theory/ in Argentina.过多年来人们观察到南大西洋的经鲸鱼行为怪异。/ 一些科学家提出了一种新理论，来解释这一行为。/ 但该理论在阿根廷却引起了争议。5. Salami Technique 化繁为简Salami 是意大利语。该技巧指切分句子的技巧，也就是将长句、复杂句进行一些加工处理，反而变成若干个短句或简单句子，便于译员赢得时间，避免信息丢失，内容更利于理解。e.g. Strange behavior on
9、the part of whales in the southern Altlantic has been observed over a number of years now. A team of marine scientists has come up with a new theory to explain this behavior. But a considerable contravercy has been arisen in Argentina about the theory.人们发现南大西洋的经鲸鱼行为怪异。/ 人们经过多年的 观察发现的 。/ 一些科学家提出了一种新理
10、论，这一理论可以解释这一行为。/ 但该理论在阿根廷却引起了争议。II. Techniques for singt interpretation断句、重复、归纳、增补、词性转换、补充、说明、修正/更正1) Next we will come to an essential issue/ which is now exerting growing effect / on our bilateral relation. 下面我们要涉及一个关键性问题，该问题正在越来越影响到我们的双边关系。 （断句, 重复, 词性转换）2) These developments are bound to affect
11、the patternsof international trade, production and investment / of both members and non-members of regional groupings.这些发展情况必将影响国际贸易、生产和投资的格局，对区域组织的成员 国和非成员国都是如此。 （断句、归纳）3. On behalf of my colleagues，/ I would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere thanks to our host / for their earnes
12、t invitation and gracious hospitality. 我谨代表我的同仁，借此机会衷心地感谢东道主对我们的热情邀请和盛情的款待。 （词性转换）4. I do believe that the opportunity to share experience about developments over a few days is important / in providing a broader perspetive to tackling the problems all countries face.我十分相信有机会在几天当中分享关于发展的经验是重要的，其重要性在于
13、提供更广阔的视野解决各国面临的问题。 （断句，词性变化，重复）5. This country has taken giant steps / towards the path of democracy, equality and national reconciliation.该国已迈出了大步，朝着民主、平等和民族和解的道路上前进。 （断句、重复）6. As for the precise interpretation of the mandate of the organization, / most delegations prefer the first option.至于如何准确地解释
14、该组织的职权，大部分代表团赞成第一种意见。 （词性转换, 断句）7. Chinas miraculous rise as one of the strongest economic powers in the Asian-Pacific region has attracted，and will continue to attract，a growing number of business，menuafecturing and financial giants in our country to invest in China.中国神奇地崛起为亚太地区经济强国之一，这吸引了，并将继续吸引越来
15、越多的商业、制造业和金融业巨头投资中国。 （词性变化）7. In some of European countries the people are given the biggest social benefit such as medical insurance.在有些欧洲国家里 ，人民享受到最广泛的社会福利。如医疗保险等。 （注意被动语态的处理：避免译成 人民被给予最大的福利） 8. Japan surrended in 1945 after Americans dropped two atom bombs.日本人投降了，那是在 1945 年，在这之前，美国人投了两颗原子弹。日本人在 1
16、945 年投降了，在这之前，美国人投了两颗原子弹。（第一句跟得太紧，第二句较好）III. Tips for sight interpretation1、因为视译时不能有中断，开始视译时速度可以放慢一点，基本不会有中断的感觉。2、熟悉各种体裁的口译文稿，了解其不同的结构模式，培养对其敏感度，学会按相关文体的类型、格式预测下文的技巧；3、事先阅读文稿，分析内容，并在重要逻辑转折的地方做好相关标记，显示应有的逻辑关系以利掌握信息重点，摆脱文字的束缚，如：/ 表 示断句，表示并列、列举，表示词序掉换；4、将信息当单位，而不把语法当单位，长句才能变短句。5、不要一直找应对的字词，在文字上打转转，应根据意
17、义单位，译出意思、信息。6、表达概念要明确，用字要简练，否则听众难以听明白。7、有很长修饰语的长句和复杂句要切成数句短句。8、尽量顺着意思译，宁可切成很多句，也不要将句子拉得太长。9、断句后需通过重复、增补、归纳和词性转换等手段对原文信息进行整合，使其信息完整并尽量符合汉语的表达习惯。10、视译重流畅度，所以不要回头修正，如果一定要修改，最好在后面修正，方式要恰当。11、总结连词种类，光知道不够，必需会活用与变化。12、当文中出现附加说明符号时或括号内容，可以用“也就是说”，或“换句话说”。13、垫/补充的赘词不能太多否则内容会显得松散，占用时间会太多，通常译语 发布的时间不超过原语的时间。1
18、4、国际知名的组织可以原语复读。15、每一篇视译材料要多次反复练习直至流畅表达为止，这样还可以积累相关百科知识和专业知识以及固定表达方法（预制语块） ；VIThree steps for sight interpretation1) Do the logic analysis and segmenting on the paper first by using markers.2) Keep practicing until you can do the sight translation of a script fluently. 3) Try to keep in mind those t
19、ypical writing patterns and expressions for later interpreting.VMaterials for sight interpretation（参考译文不一定是按视译技巧做的，但可以供你们参考对原文的理解）Text 1.2 (P105)Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co. Ltd., founded in 1985, is a large-scale joint venture that specializes in the research, development, manufact
20、uring and sales of leather bag wear for mobile phones. /Ever since its establishment, it has set up two large standardized plants of which the surface area amounts to 700 thousand square feet and the construction area covers 300 thousand square feet. With 100 well-qualified professionals of manageme
21、nt as well as R&D and more than 1000 skilled workers who have rich experience, the corporation has developed more than 10 trademarks and products which have exclusive patents. /Based on the business philosophy of “perfect the working staff first, and then bring about the best products” and with a st
22、ate-of-the-art feedback system of comprehensive marketing information, the company has developed all kinds of products ranking from high class, medium class and low class. This whole selection of fine products offers our customers the utmost enjoyment and satisfaction they would expect. Besides, the
23、 company sticks to its high qulity and perfect after-sales service, which ensures customer satisfaction. /Under the leadership of General Manager Mr. James, the whole staff of Golden Harvest has made concerted efforts to relentlessly seek innovation and perfection. At present, the company has taken
24、on a booming prospect and has been developed into one of the largest manufacturers of leather bag wear for mobile phones. /Moreover, the company has created a famous trademark “WINNER” series, which is well known in the market and loved by both domestic and overseas customers for its unique design,
25、sophisticated workmanship and high quality. /Its sales network not only covers all over the country including Hong Kong SAR, Macao SAR and Taiwan Province, but also spreads to other countries and regions, among which are France, Australia, Canada and some Arab countries such as the United Arab Emira
26、tes. As a result, it has formed a highly competitive customers community./Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co. Ltd. will adhere to its operating creed: “Being earnest is the only basis” and will keep its promise forever. We believe that with the support from all our new and old customers, G
27、olden Harvest will survive, flourish and create an even more prosperous future in the new century./(Excerpted from the brochure of the company profile of Guangdong Golden Harvest Leather Products Co. Ltd.)Text 1.2 (P98)广东嘉禾皮具有限公司创立于 1985 年，是一家集手机皮套的开发、研制、生产、销售为一体的大型专业化合资公司。/ 发展至今已拥有两座大型的标准化制造厂，占地面积
28、70 万平方英尺，建筑面积 30 万平方英尺，拥有高素质的专业管理和设计人才近 100 名，经验丰富的熟练工人 1000 多名，自主享有专利权的品牌和产品达十多种。公司本这“先做人，后做事”的经营理念，以领先于时代的创造力和完备的市场信息反馈系统为后盾，不仅拥有高、中、低各种档次齐全的产品，为客户带来五彩缤纷，随心使用的享受。与此同时，还一贯坚持优良的品质和完备的售后服务，保证客户满意。/公司在总经理詹姆斯先生的领导下，全体嘉禾员工齐心协力、公共拼搏、不断创新、追求完美。呈现出勃勃的生机，并发展成为国内最大的手机皮套制造商之一。/其生成的著名品牌“WINNER”系列，以其独特的设计，精湛的销售
29、网络不仅遍布国内大中城市及港、澳、台地区，还远销法国、澳大利亚、加拿大，以及阿联酋等阿拉伯国家和地区，形成了极具竞争力的客户群。/广东嘉禾皮具有限公司将永远遵循“只有认真，才是根本”的创业信条，持守承诺，在新的世纪中与所有新老客户共存共荣，共创明天的辉煌！/（改编自广东嘉禾皮具有限公司简介宣传手册）Text 3.2（P137）The Important Role of CSRI am particularly pleased to welcome our main speakers today, as well as those who will be leading our workshop
30、s this afternoon. Thanks to all of you, whether you have traveled from the UK, from Hong Kong, or from other parts of China./CSR is an area to which the British Government attaches particular importance. Indeed, I believe that the British Government was the first, anywhere in the world,to apponit a
31、Minister with specific responsibility for CSR./ So it is with that mind that we have organized todays event an event that which the British Consulate- General in Guangzhou, particularly ourCultural and Education Section, alao known as the British Council, and the British Consulate- General in Hong K
32、ong have worked hard togetherto deliver./ the event has been made possible through funding from the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office, in particular through what is known as the Global OpportunitiesFund, and from the Uk trade & Investment./As Chinese companies seek to develop their ambitions o
33、f “going global”, or to work in partnership with international companies, as well as to meet the changing expectations of domestic consumes over the coming years, they too will to have to take into account and react to the demands of the gobal consumer CRS will need toplay an increasinly important r
34、ole in business planning and decision-making./In this”work shop of the world”,the source of a major proportion of Chinas exports,local business cannot afford to ignore global trends if they want to play a full role in the global market place./CSR 的重要地位首先对今天主要发言人以及下午各个研讨小组主持人的到来表示热烈地欢迎，感谢你们，来自英国，香港或中
35、国其他地区的朋友们。/英国政府非常重视 CRS 研究，即企业社会责任这一领域。我相信英国是世界上第一个任命一位部长来负责 CRS 的国家。/考虑到这一点，我们驻广州领事馆主要由领馆文化教育处，即英国文化协会负责和英国驻香港总领事馆合力共同举办今次盛会。/这次盛会得以召开是由于得到英国外交部，特别是外交部所属的“环球机会基金”和英国贸易投资总署共同资助/在中国公司寻求实现其“走向世界”过程中，或者在与跨国公司合作过程中，亦或在未来几年满足国内消费者不断变化需求的过程中，它们同样要考虑全球的消费者的需求并对此作出反应在这些过程中 CSR 会在企业规划和决策中发挥越来越重要的作用。/在中国这个“世界工场”中，大珠三角地区作为中国主要的出口地，本地企业要想在全球市场中发挥更大的作用，忽略全球化趋势将会得不偿失。/
